• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

The diffusion effect of simulated gastric juices into the various alginate vessel containing each biopolymer such as 0.3% soluble starch, whey, corn starch, agar, locust bean gum, guar gum, gum arabic, pectin, gelatin and 0.15% xanthan gum was tested by measuring the change of pH in the vessel. The degree of viability of bifidobacteria entrapped in each bead containing biopolymers was corresponded with the degree of diffusion inhibition of hydrogen into the each vessel. Therefore, The determination of diffusion inhibition of simulated gastric juices into the various vessel by measuring the change of pH in the vessel may be effectively used as the simple method to select the optimal entrapment lattice for the improvement of bifidobacteria viability. Bifidobacteria entrapped in alginate bead containing 0.15% xanthan gum whose lattice showed the lowest hydrogen diffusion were more significantly tolerant against bile salts and hydrogen peroxide than untrapped bifidobacteria. It was also observed that the viability of bifidobacteria entrapped in bead was nto nearly changed in milk adjusted pH 4.5 with organic adids at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Therefore, use of alginate containing 0.15% xanthan gum as a cell matrix for entrapping bifidobacteria was expected to improve the viability of bididobacteria in fermented milk products and develop the high value-added products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1673-1679
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fruit set internode on the germination of watermelon seeds. Generally fruits setted in higher than 20 internode were high percent of germination, fruit setted in low internode(5-10) is low. The higher fruit-set internode, fruit weight was significantly increased, but 1,000 seed weight was decreased the more fruit set internode. However number of seed was about 300 seeds irrespective of fruit-set internode. Investigating viability of seed by BP test, general percent germination was recorded highest at 5 flower cluster above 20 internode of fruit-set internode. In contrast, condition of fruit setted on 3, 4, 6 flower cluster were high percent of germination, regarded as unnormal germination not to be as normal seedling by 2~3%. Seed harvested at 5 flower-cluster had high viability on hypocotyl height and diameter of seedling through early growth test, but were not significant. Therefore 5 flower-cluster was optimum fruit-set internode to obtain high-quality seed.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

Autophagy is a homeostatic degradation process that is involved in tumor development and normal development. Autophagy is induced in cancer cells in response to chemotherapeutic agents, and inhibition of autophagy results in enhanced cancer cell death or survival. Chloroquine (CQ), an anti-malarial drug, is a lysosomotropic agent and is currently used as a potential anticancer agent as well as an autophagy inhibitor. Here, we evaluate the characteristics of these dual activities of CQ using human colorectal cancer cell line HCT15. The results show that CQ inhibited cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manner in the range between 20 to 80 uM, while CQ did not show any antiproliferative activity at 5 and 10 uM. Cotreatment of CQ with antitumor agent NVP-BEZ235, a dual inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR, rescued the cell viability at low concentrations meaning that CQ acted as an autophagy inhibitor, but CQ induced the lethal effect at high concentrations. Acridine orange staining revealed that CQ at high doses induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). High doses of CQ produced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cotreatment of antioxidants, such as NAC and trolox, with high doses of CQ rescued the cell viability. These results suggest that CQ may exert its dual activities, as autophagy inhibitor or LMP inducer, in concentration-dependent manner.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2020

Rice is very sensitive to high temperatures during the reproductive stage, particularly during the flowering and anthesis periods. To determine how high temperatures result in sterility during the flowering period in Korean rice cultivars, groups of 11 cultivars were subjected to different temperature regimes (24, 28, 30, and 33℃) during the flowering stage using sunlit phytotrons. At an average of 33℃, all 11 rice cultivars reached anthesis earlier than at the other temperatures. Microscopy analyses revealed significant differences in pollen germination and pollen viability in cultivars grown at 33℃ compared to those cultured at lower temperatures. At 33℃, the cultivars had significantly lower fertility rates (47% reduction) than cultivars grown at 24℃. These findings are important as rice pollination and fertility depend on the pollen viability and germination. The present study shows that rice fertility is negatively affected by excessively high temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 1987

The aim of the present studies was to analyze the physiological background of ethanol inhibition in Zumomonas mobilis. The experiments were carried out with a number of continuous culture to give steady state concentration of ethanol. The domposition of fatty acids in the cells obtained from various conditions was analyzed and cell viability was also estimated. As results, it was found that vaccenic acid was the mafor fatty acid in the cell of Z. mobilis and the concentration was changed apparently to increase as increasing the concentration of ethanol produced from substrate utilization. Finally it was observed also that cell viability was decreased remarkably at the elevated ethanol concentration. Those changes might play important roles in the ethanol fermentation to give more complex phenomena observed at high concentration of ethanol.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

The present experiment was performed to confirm the effects of selenium on maturation and viability of mouse oocyte. Maturation of oocytes was observed by microscope, Germinal vesicle breakdown(GVBD) and polar body formation(PB) were confirmed at 2.5, 13 hours after in vitro culture. Viability of oocytes was observed by microscope. Normal and abnormal oocytes were distinguished by morphological change in vitro culture for 72 hours. Glutathione(GSH) content of collected oocytes from individual stage also was measured by glutathione assay using spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows; The low concentration of selenium($0.005\;{\mu}g/mL{\sim}0.5\;{\mu}g/mL$) increased the maturation rate of germinal vesicle(GV) oocytes to GVBD and PB oocytes. The high concentration of selenium($5\;{\mu}g/mL$) decreased the maturation rate. The low concentration of selenium increased the viability rate of PB oocytes. The high concentration of selenium did not affect the viability rate. The low concentration of selenium increased the GSH content in PB oocytes. The high concentration of selenium decreased GSH content. GSH content in PB oocyte was much higher than that in GVBD oocyte. The results indicate that the low concentration of selenium increases the maturation rate by helping quality elevation of oocyte and minimizing damages of oxidative stress generated from metabolism process. The low concentration of selenium also increases the viability rate by increasing GSH content.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2010

Background : At high glucose levels in $\beta$-cells, cell viability and insulin secretion are decreased by glucotoxicity. Sopyung-tang(SPT) had an effect on blood glucose level decrease and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Objectives : This study performed a series of experiment to verify the effects of SPT extract on the cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities, insulin secretion and insulin mRNA expression at hyperglycemic states of RIN-m5F. Methods : After treatment at various concentrations of SPT added to the RIN-m5F cells, cell viability by MTT assay, free radical-scavenging activity, SOD activity and insulin secretion were measured. Additionally, insulin-related gene expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Results : Compared to the control group, SPT extract showed considerable effects on RIN-m5F cell viability, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Conclusions : This study showed that SPT extract has an effect on $\beta$-cell cell viability, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Thus, SPT extract may be used for treatment of diabetes and its complications. Further mechanism studies of SPT seem to be necessary on the glucotoxicity and oxidative stress.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4611-4614
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• 2013

Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids widely present in many fruits and vegetables. Previous in vitro studies has shown that quercetin acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and it has potent anticarcinogenic properties as an apoptosis inducer. In this study we examined apoptotic effects of quercetin on the K562 erythroleukemia cell line. K562 cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide. Cell viability and apoptosis level were assessed by annexin V and PI staining methods using flow cytometry. Viability of K562 cells was increased by low dose of quercetin (5-100 ${\mu}M$) for 3 hours. High doses of quercetin proved toxic (100-500 ${\mu}M$, 24 hours) and resulted in decrease of K562 cell viability as expected (p<0.01). As to results, 100 ${\mu}M$ quercetin was defined as a protective dose. Also, K562 cell apoptosis due to hydrogen peroxide was decreased in a dose dependent manner. As indicated in previous studies, reduction of superoxides by free radical scavengers like quercetin could be beneficial for prevention of cancer but consumption of such flavonoids during cancer treatment may weaken effects of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. Especially cancer patients should be carefully considered for traditional phytotherapy during cancer treatment, which can lead to controversial results.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.496-501
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• 2009

In order to promote the efficiency of strawberry breeding programs, pollen viability of strawberry, 'Seolhyang' was investigated using the fluorochromatic reaction test and seed set under controlled environment. Pistil receptivity was also assessed by hand pollination. Four varieties including 'Maehyang' were used for the test of pistil receptivity with 'Seolhyang' as a pollen parent. Pollen viability remained high for several days under dry conditions as below 33% relative humidity while the greatest loss of viability occurred at 76% relative humidity. The viability was rapidly decreased at high humidity and almost all grains were unviable in 7 days after storage. Pollen viability does not appear to be drastically reduced if the relative humidity is low. Therefore, humidity is more important factor than temperature for the pollen viability in Fragaria${\times}$ananassa. The rate of seed set by hand pollination lasted higher than the average of 77.2% from 2 to 8 days after emasculation when the daily average temperature was around $15^{\circ}C$ in plastic house. It began to decline gradually from 10 days and had decreased dramatically after 12 days except several cultivars. Based on the daily mean accumulated temperature, it is recommended to have an artificial pollination between the range of $45{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ after the emasculation to increase the rate of seed set in strawberry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8981-8985
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the effect of lysine-coated oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Lys@MNPs) on viability and apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Zeta potentiometric analyzer were employed to characterize Lys@MNPs. Then Lys@MNPs and lung cancer A549 cells were co-cultured to study the effect of Lys@MNPs on cell viability and apoptosis. The pathway of Lys@MNPs entering A549 cells was detected by TEM and cell imaging by 1.5 T MRI. Results: Lys@MNPs were 10.2 nm in grain diameter, characterized by small size, positive charge, and superparamagnetism. Under low-dose concentration of Lys@MNPs (< $40{\mu}g/mL$), the survival rate of A549 cells was decreased but remained higher than 95% while under high-dose concentration ($100{\mu}g/mL$), the survival ratewas still higher than 80%, which suggested Lys@MNPs had limited influence on the viability of A549 cells, with good biocompatibility and and no induction of apoptosis. Moreover, high affinity for cytomembranes, was demonstrated presenting good imaging effects. Conclusion: Lys@MNPs can be regarded as a good MRI negative contrast agents, with promising prospects in biomedicine.