• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.395-413
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• 2009

Impact tests on high-strength membrane materials under biaxial loads were experimentally conducted in order to evaluate influence of biaxial loads on impact fracture of the membrane materials for the inflated applications. Cruciform specimens of the membrane materials were fabricated for applying biaxial loadings during the impact test. A steel ball was shot using a compressed nitrogen gas gun, and struck the membrane specimen. Impact tests on uniaxial strip specimens were also conducted to obtain the effect of specimen configuration and boundary condition on the impact fracture. The results of the measured crack length and the ultra-high speed photographs indicate the impact fracture properties of the membrane fabrics under biaxial loadings. Crack length due to the impact increased with applied tensile load, and the impact damages of the cruciform membrane materials under biaxial loadings were smaller than those of under uniaxial loadings. Impact fracture of the strip specimen was more severe than that of the cruciform specimen due to the difference of boundary conditions.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.411-417
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• 2015

The piston engine is an essential component in automobiles. Since the piston is used in a high temperature and high pressure environment, the piston needs to be manufactured to achieve high strength and high durability. In addition, cost reduction is also an important consideration. In conventional forging, an additional heat treatment after hot forging is necessary to ensure proper mechanical properties for heavy-duty engine pistons. The newly developed manufacturing method lowers production costs by saving manufacturing time and reduces energy consumption. The current paper describes the hot forging of an engine piston made from 38MnSiVS5 micro-alloyed steel using controlled cooling. The finite element analysis was used to check for possible problems and suitable press capacity. Hot forging experiments were then conducted on a 2500tons crank press to evaluate feasibility of the proposed material and process. To check the mechanical properties after hot forging, the forged specimens were tensile tested, and the microstructures were examined in order to compare the results with the conventionally forged material. The skirt region of the as-forged 38MnSiVS5 piston showed better material properties compared to the conventional material. In addition, the total production time was reduced by about 80% as compared to conventional forging.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2021

In order to develop an ultra-high-density elastomeric material for substitution of steel dynamic dampers, a new curing system and technique for high-loading of the filler were examined in this study. Mechanochemical modification of chloroprene rubber (MAH-g-CR) using an internal mixer was carried out with maleic anhydride (MAH) as a reactive monomer. The optimum amount of MAH was 10 phr and the efficient grafting of MAH on CR could be achieved at a mixing temperature of 100℃. After preparing MAH-g-CR, 50 mol% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) was blended with MAH-g-CR to develop a "self-curable rubber blend system" via reaction between the functional groups of the elastomeric matrices without the curing agent and additives. The content of ENR 50 was fixed at 30 wt.% throughout evaluation of the curing behavior of the MAH-g-CR/ENR blend. Tungsten powder was added to the MAH-g-CR/ENR matrix up to 60 vol.% to obtain ultra-high-density, and the maximum density obtained was 7.57 g/㎤. Stable ts2 (scorch time) and t90 (90% cure time) could be obtained even when tungsten powder was incorporated up to 60 vol.%. In addition, the tensile strength and damping properties of MAH-g-CR/ENR containing 60 vol.% of tungsten were better than those of CR containing 60 vol.% of tungsten.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2015

In this paper, an EM sensing based prestressing force estimation method is proposed, in which it can estimate tensile force of PS tendon for PSC girder. The PSC girder has more improved performance than the general concrete girder by introducing the prestressing to the concrete. Thus the PSC girder bridge is widely constructed due to its high performance and low cost. However, the prestressing force has not been managed nevertheless it is major factor for the maintenance of the PSC girder bridge. The prestressing force was just measured during construction using jacking device and after that, it can not be managed. For this reason, this paper proposes a tensile force estimation method of PS tendon based on EM sensor. The permeability of ferroelectric material is changed according to the induced stress to the material, in which it can be measured using EM sensor. To measure the permeability of PS tendon, the EM sensor was fabricated and verified by performing the MTS test. The test was performed using 7-wire steel tendon under the 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 KN of tensile force. The permeability of PS tendon was gradually decreased according to the increasement of tensile force. The regression method was used to find the relation between permeability and stress. As a result, the permeability has linear relation with the tensile force of PS tendon and the pre-stressing force can be estimated by the derived estimation equation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

This study evaluated the bonding property of fiber and flexural behavior of fiber reinforced concrete. Amorphous steel fiber, hooked steel fiber and polyamide fiber was used for evaluation of bonding property and flexural behavior. As a result, the hooked steel fiber was pulled out from matrix when peak stress. However amorphous steel fiber occurred shear failure because bonding strength between fiber and matrix was higher than tensile strength of fiber. Polyamide fibers occurred significantly displacement to peak stress because of elongation of fiber. After that peak stress, fiber was cut off. Amorphous steel fiber reinforced concrete had a greater maximum flexural load compared with hooked steel fiber reinforced concrete because bonding performance between fiber and matrix was high and mixed population of fiber was many. However flexural stress was rapidly reduced in load-deflection curve because of shear failure of fiber. Flexural stress of hooked steel fiber reinforced concrete was slowly reduced because fiber was pulled out from the matrix. In the case of polyamide fiber reinforced concrete, flexural stress was rapidly lowered because of elongation of fiber. However flexural stress was increased again because of bonding property between polyamide fiber and matrix. The pull-out properties of the fiber and matrix has effect on the deformation capacity and flexural strength of fiber reinforced concrete.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.160-170
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• 2010

Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) beams has greater shear strength than typical reinforced concrete beams due to the high tensile strength of steel fibers. In this research, an experiment has been conducted to investigate the shear behavior of SFRC beams, and especially, the portion of shear resistance by uncracked compressive concrete section has been measured. Based on the test results in this study and 87 test data collected from literature, the accuracy of the existing equations for the estimation of shear strength has been evaluated. The shear strength of SFRC beams increased as more steel fibers were mixed. However, it is considered that the most efficient amount of steel fiber for enhancement of shear strength would be between 1% and 2% in that the specimen with 0.5% of steel fibers were abruptly failed after inclined cracking, and that the specimen with 2.0% of steel fibers showed a relatively low efficiency in increasing shear strength. The portion of shear resistance by the uncracked compressive concrete section was measured to be greater than 21%, and the equation proposed by Oh et al. provided the best accuracy on the estimation of shear strength of SFRC beams among the approaches evaluated in this study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2013

Hot forming using boron steel is currently used for manufacturing low-weight automobile body parts, and a high tensile strength of about 1,500 MPa is obtained after hot forming. However, a high fatigue life is a more important factor than high strength when it is used for automobile suspension parts. A tubular torsion beam axle (TTBA) is one of these suspension parts, and this research deals with the fatigue characteristic of TTBA using hot forming. The low cyclic fatigue life of boron steel is investigated according to the cooling method. In addition, a structural and fatigue analysis of TTBA is performed to predict the fatigue life. The stress concentration that occurs in the tubular torsion beam is found, and the longest fatigue life occurs when rapid cooling is utilized in the TTBA fabrication.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.241-266
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• 2011

The Self Compacting Concrete, SCC is the new generation type of concrete which is not needed to be compacted by vibrator and it will be compacted by its own weight. Since SCC is a new innovation and also the high strength self compacting concrete, HSSCC behavior is like a brittle material, therefore, understanding the strength effect on the serviceability performance of reinforced self compacting concretes is critical. For this aim, first the normal and high strength self compacting concrete, NSSCC and HSSCC was designed. Then, the serviceability performance of reinforced connections consisting of NSSCC and HSSCC were investigated. Twelve reinforced concrete connections (L = 3 m, b = 0.15 m, h = 0.3 m) were simulated, by this concretes, the maximum and minimum reinforcement ratios ${\rho}$ and ${\rho}^{\prime}$ (percentage of tensile and compressive steel reinforcement) are in accordance with the provision of the ACI-05 for conventional RC structures. This study was limited to the case of bending without axial load, utilizing simple connections loaded at mid span through a stub (b = 0.15 m, h = 0.3 m, L = 0.3 m) to simulate a beam-column connection. During the test, concrete and steel strains, deflections and crack widths were measured at different locations along each member. Based on the experimental readings and observations, the cracked moment of inertia ($I_{cr}$) of members was determined and the results were compared with some selective theoretical methods. Also, the flexural crack widths of the members were measured and the applicability for conventional vibrated concrete, as for ACI, BS and CSA code, was verified for SCCs members tested. A comparison between two Codes (ACI and CSA) for the theoretical values cracking moment is indicate that, irrespective of the concrete strength, for the specimens reported, the prediction values of two codes are almost equale. The experimental cracked moment of inertia $(I_{cr})_{\exp}$ is lower than its theoretical $(I_{cr})_{th}$ values, and therefore theoretically it is overestimated. Also, a general conclusion is that, by increasing the percentage of ${\rho}$, the value of $I_{cr}$ is increased.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.320-326
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• 2011

Flat rolling of wire is an industrial process used to manufacture electrical flat wire, medical catheters, springs, piston segments and automobile parts, among other products. In a multi-step wire flat rolling process, a wire with a circular crosssection is rolled at room temperature between two flat rolls in several passes to achieve the desired thickness to width ratio. To manufacture a flat wire with a homogeneous microstructure, mechanical and metallurgical properties with an appropriate pass schedule, this study investigated the effect of each pass schedule (1stand ~ 4stand) on the microstructures, mechanical properties and widths of cold rolled high carbon steel wires using four-pass flat rolling process. The evolutions of the microstructures and mechanical properties of the widths of cold rolled wires during three different pass schedules of the flat rolling process of high carbon wires were investigated, and the results were compared with those for a conventional eight-pass schedule. In the width of cold rolled wires, three different pass schedules are clearly distinguished and discussed. The experimental conditions were the same rolling speed, rolling force, roll size, tensile strength of the material and friction coefficient. The experimental results showed that the four-pass flat cold rolling process was feasible for production of designed wire without cracks when appropriate pass schedules were applied.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2014

This study investigates the relationship between the performance of fresh and hardened Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) without heat treatment. The performance of fresh UHPC is determined by the slump flow test related to the fluidity of concrete mixtures, and the air content test. The variables of these tests are the water to binder ratio, superplasticizer dosages and volume fractions of steel fiber. Generally, insufficient fluidity and excessive air contents in concrete mixtures lead to the insufficient packing density related to the performance of harden concrete. The performance of hardened UHPC is determined by the compressive and flexural tensile tests. The results of the fresh UHPC tests show that there is the linear correlation between each variable and the slump flow diameter, and that the slump flow diameter is linearly decreased as the air content ratio increase. Using these results, the formula is developed to predict the fresh performance before mixing UHPC. The results of the hardened UHPC tests show that the hardened performance is not influenced by the air content ratio in the range of 3.2 to 4.2 per cent. However, the flexural tensile strength dominantly influenced by the volume fractions of steel fiber.