• 한국어류학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2011

인위적 수온변화에 의한 미꾸라지 피부의 점액세포 반응을 확인하기 위해 고온($32^{\circ}C$)과 저온($4^{\circ}C$)에 적응시킨 실험군의 표피조직을 실온($18^{\circ}C$)의 대조군 집단과 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 고온적응 설험군에서는 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 저온적응 실험군에서는 등, 체측, 후두부의 점액세포 수와 크기가 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.01). 또한 저온적응 실험군의 수온을 증가시켜 상온에서 재 적응시킨 결과에서도 피부 정액세포의 수와 크기가 현저히 감소하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.01). 따라서 미꾸라지 피부의 점액세포가 저온에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 양상은 어류의 조직학적 환경지표로서 유용할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.62-74
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• 1998

In feedlot cattle the abrupt change of diet from roughage to a large quantity of grain for the purpose to improve production often results in increased occurrence of rumen acidosis or acute carbohydrate encouragement enterotoxemia, bloats diarrhea liver abscess and laminitis or robot disease. The common management practice to control these problem is to increase the amount of concentrates in the diet in a stepwise manner until the animals are adapted to a high-grain ration. However this practice requires at least about 3 weeks adaptation period and specially prepared adaptation rations which contain various amount of concentrates. Present experiment was undertaken in order to findout the more simple and rapid adaptation method of cattle to a high grain ration. Nineteen Korean calves aging from four to six month were fed artifical hay (Youngchoun Chuk-Hyup, Korea) which contains 10% of concentrates or alfalfa and rye grass hays for two months and randomly alloted to three experimental groups and two control groups. The experimental group-1 was inoculated by stomach tube for two days with li500 ml/day of ruminal fluid fished from Korean beef cattle that had been previously adapted to a high-energy ration. The experimental group-2 was inoculated by trocalization for two days with the same ruminal fluid. The experimental group-3 was inoculated by trocalization with 1,500 ml/day of bacterial culture which contained 2$\times $10$^{9}$/m1 of Gram-negative bacteria derived from adapted luminal fluid. The two control groups were treated with normal saline solution by the same methods. All animals were fed high-energy ration that contained 80% of grain ad libitum for 30-74 days beginning on the third of the treatment. The effect of the inoculation on the adaptation was observed clinicopathologically with the following results; All of the experimental calves inoculated with the ruminal fluid or Gram-negative bacterial culture derived from adapted cattle did not show any signs of rumen acidosis or other related diseases, while most of the control calves did show diarrhea and bloat and a calf laminitis. The average daily weight gain and feed efficiency of experimental calves were slightly improved compared with control calves. Following the feeding of high-grain rational the pH of the ruminal fluid was lowered in both the experimental and control groups. However severe acidosis with the pH of below 5.0 was observed in only a control group-2. The protozoal number in ruminal fluid was markedly decreased during the high-grain feeding in both the experimental and control calves. However the decrease was mere severe in control calves compared with the experimental calves. The activation of the protozoa were completely disappeared within nine hours at the refrigerator temperature (4"C). No significant differences in heamatological and blood chemical values between the experimental and control calves were recognized. However in one control calf which showed clinically laminitis marked elevations of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities and a decrease of serum glucose level were observed. From these results it would be concluded the intraruminal transplantation of unadapted calves with the adapted ruminal fluid from cattle previously adapted to a high-energy ration prevents disease problem associated with high-grain feeding and improve weight gain and feed efficiency.ency.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1998

By checking the variations of the raw water quality and MLSS, the effects of the membrane materials on permeable flux and quality of the treated water were investigated in this study. Due to the stability for high variations of MLSS, tubular type membranes were selected. Polysulfone group membranes and polyamide group membranes were tested. The crossflow operation mode was adapted, because membrane fouling problems could be easily controlled by adjusting the linear velocity. Due to the high concentration of the raw water, polyamide group membranes were originally expected to achieve two times higher permeable fluxes. However, difference was only approximately $20l/m^2{\cdot}h$ at $3kgf/cm^2$. It might be resulted from the high concentration of organic materials in the effluent of the RBC process. For the quality of the treated water, polyamide group membranes were slightly less effective. It might be resulted from the fact that polysulfone group membranes had more adsorptive capacities for the organic materials. The effects of temperature on the permeable flux were found to be significant. Despite of the irregular injection of raw water, the quality of the treated water was kept stable.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2000

At Koppl area, undamaged natural habitat of sundew, I have analysed interspecific affinities and community composition through mathematical method and important environmental factors. Interspecific affinities of the species with frequency of more than 5% in vegetation table were analysed through chi-square test and showed obvious group of Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium uliginosum, Calluna vulgaris, Eriophorum angustifolium and 21 species. The result of ordination anlysis using DECORANA of VESPAN II showed eigenvalue of 0.6047 for axis I, 0.2024 for axis II and 0.0763 for axis Ⅲ. And it divided into 4 groups of quadrat number 1-5 for Sphagnum squarrosum-community, 6-10 for Crepis paludosa-community. 11-25 for Carex panicea-community and 26-35 for Scorpidium scorpioides-community. By the classification using TWINSPAN, the 7 areas divided into 2 groups of 1-10 and 11-35 at first level of division with high eigenvalue of 0.588 and indicator was Sphagnum squarrosum. At second level of division it divided into 4 groups as the results of DECORANA with eigenvalues of 0.268 and 0.423 and indicators were Pinguicula vulgaris and Scorpidium scorpioides. Microclimatic environment of studied area was low in temperature and high in humidity and soil environment showed high in field moisture capacity, acid, high organic matter content, low NO3 and K2O content, compare to normal soil, and high ground water level.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.516-527
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• 2013

This paper presents a new overall system for state-of-available-power (SoAP) prediction for a lithium-ion battery pack. The essential part of this method is based on an adaptive network architecture which utilizes both fuzzy model (FIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) into the framework of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). While battery aging proceeds, the system is capable of delivering accurate power prediction not only for room temperature, but also at lower temperatures at which power prediction is most challenging. Due to design property of ANN, the network parameters are adapted on-line to the current battery states (state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), temperature). SoC is required as an input parameter to SoAP module and high accuracy is crucial for a reliable on-line adaptation. Therefore, a reasonable way to determine the battery state variables is proposed applying a combination of several partly different algorithms. Among other SoC boundary estimation methods, robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) for recalibration of amp hour counters was implemented. ANFIS then achieves the SoAP estimation by means of time forward voltage prognosis (TFVP) before a power pulse occurs. The trade-off between computational cost of batch-learning and accuracy during on-line adaptation was optimized resulting in a real-time system with TFVP absolute error less than 1%. The verification was performed on a software-in-the-loop test bench setup using a 53 Ah lithium-ion cell.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2007

Since germanium has been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of diseases such as cancer and rheumatic arthritis, we developed an adapted process of bio-germanium preparation using inorganic germanium. In the present study we determined the optimal conditions for culturing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KCTC-1199), and the best concentrations of inorganic germanium for the adaptation process. The resulting method was successful at producing high quantities of germanium yeasts. The following are the culture conditions that obtained the highest level of productivity: an inorganic germanium concentration of 3,000-5,000 ppm, a pH of 6.5, a temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and 20 hr of incubation time. In addition to this high-yield quantity study, we observed the acute oral toxicity of mice treated with Geranti Bio-Ge $Yeast^{(R)}$. We found no changes in body weight, or in the mortality between the control groups and the bio-germanium yeast group. There were also no digestive problems such as diarrhea that occurred in either group.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

강원도 지역에 적응성이 있는 품종을 선정하기 위해서 5개 시험지에서 11개 품종으로 1997년부터 2000년 동안에 수행된 결과를 분석하였다. 품종이 가지고 있는 유전적 특성은 환경요인과의 상호작용을 거쳐 발현되므로 장려품종을 선정하기 위하여 수행하는 다지역검정에서 이 유전자-환경간 상호작용을 평가하는 것은 품종의 환경안정성과 지역적응성을 올바르게 파악하는 데 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해서 기존에 활용되어 온 회귀분석모델로서 안정성을 분석하였고 AMMI model로서 지역별 수량성 반응의 변화양상을 토대로 유전자-환경간간의 상호작용을 해석하면서 각 시험지별 적응성 품종과 지역적 특성을 검토하였다. 1. 각 시험지에 대한 수량안정성 평가를 위한 회귀분석 결과 오봉벼, 진미벼, 신운봉벼, 운봉벼 등이 안정성이 있는 품종이었다. 2. AMMI 분석에 의한 수량성에 대한 분산분석 결과 전 변이중 품종변이가 66％, 품종-환경간 상호작용변이가 21％, 지역간 변이가 13％였다. 21％의 품종-환경간 상호작용 변이는 주성분분석을 통하여 제1주성분치(IPCAl)와 제2주성분치 (IPCA2)에 의해서 거의(92％) 해석되었다. 3. 품종들의 지역간 수량성 변화패턴은 육성모지나 시험지 등에 영향을 받았고, 5개 시험지의 수량변화 양상은 철원과 정선, 춘천과 고성이 비슷하였고 강릉은 다르게 구분되었다. 품종-환경간 상호작용 양상이 축약된 주성분분석치와 시험지별 재배기간동안의 순별 평균 기상자료와의 상관분석 결과를 기준으로 품종과 환경간의 상호작용에 관여하는 주요 기상요인은 초상최저온도, 최소상대습도, 일조시수 강수량 등이었다. 4. 비교적 환경안정성이 있는 품종으로는 오대벼, 오봉벼, 진부벼 등이었다. 철원에 적응성이 있는 품종은 진부벼, 신운봉벼, 오대벼, 오봉벼 등에었고, 춘천에는 진미벼 상주벼, 오대벼, 오봉벼가 정선, 강릉, 고성에는 진부찰벼, 삼천벼, 둔내벼 , 운봉벼, 진부올벼가 적응성이 있었다. 0.57, Fe 0.414, p 94.68, fat 3.74, protein 3.08, lactose 4.68,4. In case of processed market cow′s milk ; Ca 134.72, K 142.74, Mg 10.33, Na 45.07, Zn 0.50, Fe 0.650, p 92.48, fat 3.72, protein 3.07, lactose 4.74. According to the group of market milk(milk, fortified market row′s milk, processed market cow′s milk), the mean concentration of Ca and Fe were significantly higher in fortified and processed milk than milk(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in macronutrient(fat, protein, lactose) and mineral contents between pasteurized milk and UHT(ultra high temperature) treated milk($\alpha$=0.05). The labeled "Nutritional Facts" of market milk were satisfied with "Labeling Standards for Livestock Products of Korea". The measured mean concentrations of Ca, Fe, Zn were generally higher than lower limit of labeled value(above 80% of labeled value). The mean concentration of sodium was lower than upper limit of labeled value(below 120％

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2015

초미소식물플랑크톤은 지름 $3{\mu}m$ 이하의 작은 크기에도 불구하고 열대 외양 뿐만 아니라 온대의 연안 해역에서도 일차생산자로서 중요한 기능을 한다. 초미소식물플랑크톤 중 Synechococcus와 Prochlorococcus는 현재까지 20여개 및 10여개 이상의 clade가 확인되어 유전적 다양성이 매우 높고, 주요 clade들의 생물지리학적 분포 및 생태적 특성도 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 계절적 변동이 뚜렷하고, 난류와 한류의 영향으로 다양한 물리적 특성이 나타나는 독도 주변 해역에서 초미소남세균의 개체수 및 유전적 다양성을 조사함으로써, 독도 주변 해역에서 초미소남세균 다양성의 분포 특성과 환경과의 연관성을 이해하고자 하였다. Synechococcus 개체수는 겨울에 낮고 수온이 점차 증가함에 따라 지수적으로 증가한 후 $20^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 포화되는 양상을 보였다. 반면, Prochlorococcus는 대부분의 시기에 나타나지 않거나, 소수로 출현하는 것으로 파악되었다. 그러나, 여름에는 HLII 생태형에 속하는 Prochlorococcus가 약 7%정도까지 출현하였다. 봄과 초여름에 초미소남세균의 개체수는 주로 저온성인 Synechococcus clade I과 IV의 성장에 의해 증가되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이후 8월에는 난수와 빈영양 환경을 선호하는 clade II를 포함한 다양한 clade의 Synechococcus가 이들을 대체하며 높은 개체수를 유지하는 양상을 보였다. 그러나 하계에도 엽록소 최대층에서는 수온이 $9{\sim}17^{\circ}C$ 정도로 낮아 여전히 저온성 clade I과 IV가 우점하였다. 엽록소 최대층에서 Synechococcus 개체수 증가에 수온 이외에 수층의 안정도도 중요한 요인으로 나타났으며, Synechococcus의 다양성도 대체로 수온 분포에 의해 잘 설명될 수 있었으나, 물리적 특성이 다른 수괴의 유입과 혼합도 다양성의 분포를 결정하는 중요한 요인으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 독도 주변해의 부유성 생물의 생태를 이해하기 위해서는 계절적 환경 변동뿐만 아니라 다양한 물리적 과정도 고려되어져야 할 것으로 보인다.