• 제목/요약/키워드: high strength alloy

검색결과 914건 처리시간 0.034초

일방향응고된 NiAl/$Ni_3Al$ 2상합금의 방향성 측정 및 기계적 특성 평가 (Orientation Measurement and Related Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified NiAl/$Ni_3Al$ Two-Phase Alloys)

  • 이혜정;박노진;최환;이재현;오명훈
    • 열처리공학회지
    • /
    • 제23권2호
    • /
    • pp.96-103
    • /
    • 2010
  • $Ni_3Al$ is known as a good high temperature structural material because of high yield strength at ambient temperature. However, it is too brittle to use as a structural material because of their weak grain boundary. In this work, orientation measurement and related mechanical properties of directionally solidified NiAl/$Ni_3Al$ two-phase alloys with various compositions (Ni-23~27 at.%Al) were investigated for developing multi-phase DS-processed alloys with the growth rates of 10, 50 and 100 ${\mu}m/s$ in a modified Bridgeman type furnace. It was found that the multi-phase microstructures such as the $\gamma$ dendrite +${\gamma}'$ matrix duplex microstructure was formed in the hypoeutectic composition of 23 at.%Al, $\beta$ dendrite +${\gamma}'$ matrix duplex microstructure in the hypereutectic composition of 26 and 27 at.%Al. And ${\gamma}'$ single phase was formed in the composition of 24.5 and 25 at.%Al. The hypoeutectic alloy including $\gamma$ dendrites with ${\gamma}'$ matrix showed a large elongation of over 70% at room temperature. However, the room-temperature tensile elongation decreased with increasing Al contents because the volume fraction of brittle $\beta$ dendrites in the ductile ${\gamma}'$ matrix increased.

스파크플라즈마 소결에 의한 Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo-CPP 생체복합재의 기계적 성질 및 생체적합성 (Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo-CPP Biomaterial Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering)

  • 우기도;김상미;김동건;김대영;강동수
    • 한국재료학회지
    • /
    • 제23권2호
    • /
    • pp.135-142
    • /
    • 2013
  • The Ti-6Al-4V extra low interstitial (ELI) alloy has been widely used as an orthopedic implant material because of its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, it still has many problems, including a high elastic modulus and toxicity of the Al and V elements. Therefore, non-toxic biomaterials with a low elastic modulus need to be developed. A high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) process is introduced to improve the effect of sintering. Rapid sintering of spark plasma sintering (SPS) under pressure was used to make an ultra fine grain of Ti-25 wt.%Nb-7 wt.%Zr-10 wt.%Mo-(10 wt.%CPP) composites with bio-attractive elements for increasing strength. These composites were fabricated by SPS at $1000^{\circ}C$ at 60 MPa using HEMM powders. During the sintering process, $CaTiO_3$, TixOy, and CaO were formed because of the reaction between Ti and CPP. The effects of CPP content on the physical and mechanical properties of the sintered Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo-CPP composites were investigated. The biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo alloys were improved by the addition of CPP.

Research of Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten/Copper and Their Properties under High Heat Flux

  • Li, Jun;Yang, Jianfeng
    • 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
    • /
    • pp.14-14
    • /
    • 2011
  • W (tungsten)-alloys will be the most promising plasma facing armor materials in highly loaded plasma interactive components of the next step fusion reactors due to its high melting point, high sputtering resistance and low deuterium/tritium retention. The bonding technology of tungsten to Cu alloy was one of the key issues. In this paper, W/CuCrZr diffusion bonding has been performed successfully by inserting pure metal interlay. The joint microstructure, interfacial elements migration and phase composition were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD, and the joint shear strength and micro-hardness were investigated. The mock-ups were fabricated successfully with diffusion bonding and the cladding technology respectively, and the high heat flux test and thermal fatigue test were carried out under actively cooling condition. When Ni foil was used for the bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, two reaction layers, Ni4W and Ni(W) layer, appeared between the tungsten and Ni interlayer with the optimized condition. Even though Ni4W is hard and brittle, and the strength of the joint was oppositely increased (217 MPa) due primarily to extremely small thicknesses (2~3 ${\mu}m$). When Ti foil was selected as the interlayer, the Ti foil diffused quickly with Cu and was transformed into liquid phase at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Almost all of the liquid was extruded out of the interface zone under bonding pressure, and an extremely thin residual layer (1~2 ${\mu}m$) of the liquid phase was retained between the tungsten and CuCrZr, which shear strength exceeded 160 MPa. When Ni/Ti/Ni multiple interlayers were used for bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, a large number of intermetallic compound ($Ni_4W/NiTi_2/NiTi/Ni_3T$) were formed for the interdiffusion among W, Ni and Ti. Therefore, the shear strength of the joint was low and just about 85 MPa. The residual stresses in the clad samples with flat, arc, rectangle and trapezoid interface were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The simulation results show that the flat clad sample was subjected maximum residual stress at the edge of the interface, which could be cracked at the edge and propagated along the interface. As for the rectangle and trapezoid interface, the residual stresses of the interface were lower than that of the flat interface, and the interface of the arc clad sample have lowest residual stress and all of the residual stress with arc interface were divided into different grooved zones, so the probabilities of cracking and propagation were lower than other interfaces. The residual stresses of the mock-ups under high heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The tungsten of the flat interfaces was subjected to tensile stresses (positive $S_x$), and the CuCrZr was subjected to compressive stresses (negative $S_x$). If the interface have a little microcrack, the tungsten of joint was more liable to propagate than the CuCrZr due to the brittle of the tungsten. However, when the flat interface was substituted by arc interfaces, the periodical residual stresses in the joining region were either released or formed a stress field prohibiting the growth or nucleation of the interfacial cracks. Thermal fatigue tests were performed on the mock-ups of flat and arc interface under the heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ with the cooling water velocity of 10 m/s. After thermal cycle experiments, a large number of microcracks appeared at the tungsten substrate due to large radial tensile stress on the flat mock-up. The defects would largely affect the heat transfer capability and the structure reliability of the mock-up. As for the arc mock-up, even though some microcracks were found at the interface of the regions, all microcracks with arc interface were divided into different arc-grooved zones, so the propagation of microcracks is difficult.

  • PDF

경량 알루미늄 허니콤 판재의 제작 및 특성 평가 (Fabrication and Characterization of Aluminum Honeycomb Panel)

  • 김기주
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제19권1호
    • /
    • pp.666-671
    • /
    • 2018
  • 허니콤 판재(honeycomb panel)는 벌집 모양의 코어(core) 양쪽면에 표면판재를 부착시켜 만든 판재이다. 허니콤 판재는 비강도가 뛰어나며, 재료에 압축하중이 가해졌을 때 재료가 수차례의 좌굴을 반복하기 때문에 에너지 흡수성이 우수하여 내충격성이 요구되는 부위에 사용하기에 적합하다. 특히 최근에는 수송기기의 경량화에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라 알루미늄 허니콤 판재를 자동차 및 고속전철 등의 차체 재료로 이용하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이 밖에도 허니콤 판재는 흡음성과 평활성이 우수하며, 단열성과 내피로성도 우수하다. 연료 경제성을 증가시키기 위하여 알루미늄 합금 소재와 같은 경량 소재를 허니콤 판재 주 재료로 사용하여 무게를 감량시키는 것에 관한 연구를 진행 하였다.본 연구에서는 허니콤 판재의 설계기술, 알루미늄 허니콤 코어 및 허니콤 판재 제조 기술에 대한 연구를 수행하였으며, 또한 제조된 허니콤 판재의 각종 기계적 특성평가를 행하여 그 결과를 바탕으로 알루미늄 허니콤 판재의 제조 공정 설계, 판재 제작 및 특성 평가방안을 마련하였다. 연구결과 허니콤 판재의 우수한 에너지 흡수성은 코어 버클링의 반복에 기인하며 압축강도가 높을수록 접합면적당 강도 또한 높은 값을 나타내었다.

2중 용체화처리에 따른 Ti-6AI-4V합금의 미세조직과 인장특성 (Microstructures and Tensile Characteristics of Ti-6AI-4V Alloy by Double Solution Treatment)

  • 최형진;이준희
    • 한국재료학회지
    • /
    • 제4권6호
    • /
    • pp.626-637
    • /
    • 1994
  • Ti-6Ai-4V 합금의 미세조직을 용체화처리온도 및 냉각속도만의 변화로서 Widmanstatten 조직과 이중조직을 얻은 후 이들 미세조직과 인장성질고의 비교. 검토를 통해서 최적 열처리 방안을 설정하고자 하였다. 그 결과 Widmanstatten 조직에 있어서는 열처리온도나 냉각속도에 따라 복잡하고 무질서한 dege형상의 $\alpha$상 및 등축화된 $\alpha$상으로변화시킬 수 있었으며, $\alpha$+$\beta$ 영역에서 2중 용체화 처리의 경우 1차 및 2차 용체화처리 온도가 낮을수록 aspect비는 작아짐을 알 수 있었다. 인장성질에 있어서 Widmanstatten 조직은 이중조직에 비해 강도는 감소하고 연성성질 또한 크게 감소하였으며, 파단양상 Widmanstatten 조직의 경우 준벽개와 dimple형 파단양상이 함께 나타나는 반면 이중조직은 연성파괴를 나타내었다. 또한 이중조직의 파단면을 인장축에 수직인 내부균열영역과 45˚ 정도의 전단각을 갖는 shear lip영역으로 나누어 관찰할 수 있었다.

  • PDF

Characterization and Formation Mechanism of Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al Metallic Glass Thin Film by Sputtering Process

  • Lee, Chang-Hun;Sun, Ju-Hyun;Moon, Kyoung-Il;Shin, Seung-Yong
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.271-272
    • /
    • 2012
  • Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs or amorphous alloy) exhibit high strength and good corrosion resistance. Applications of thin films and micro parts of BMGs have been used a lot since its inception in the research of BMGs. However, Application and fabrication of BMGs are limited to make structural materials. Thin films of BMGs which is sputtered on the surface of structural materials by sputtering process is used to improve limits about application of BMGs. In order to investigate the difference of properties between designed alloys and thin films, we identified that thin films deposited on the surface that have the characteristic of the amorphous films and the composition of designed alloys. Zr-Cu (Cu=30, 35, 38, 40, 50 at.%) and Zr-Cu-Al (Al=10 at.% fixed, Cu=26, 30, 34, 38 at.%) alloys were fabricated with Zr (99.7% purity), Cu (99.997% purity), and Al (99.99% purity) as melting 5 times by arc melting method before rods 2mm in diameter was manufactured. In order to analyze GFA (Glass Forming Ability), rods were observed by Optical Microscopy and SEM and $T_g$, $T_x$, ($T_x$ is crystallization temperature and $T_g$ is the glass transition temperature) and Tm were measured by DTA and DSC. Powder was manufactured by Gas Atomizer and target was sintered using powder in large supercooled liquid region ($=T_x-T_g$) by SPS(Spark Plasma Sintering). Amorphous foil was prepared by RSP process with 5 gram alloy button. The composition of the foil and sputtered thin film was analyzed by EDS and EPMA. In the result of DSC curve, binary alloys ($Zr_{62}Cu_{38}$, $Zr_{60}Cu_{40}$, $Zr_{50}Cu_{50}$) and ternary alloys ($Zr_{64}Al_{10}Cu_{26}$, $Zr_{56}Al_{10}Cu_{34}$, $Zr_{52}Al_{10}Cu_{38}$) have $T_g$ except for $Zr_{70}Cu_{30}$ and $Zr_{60}Al_{10}Cu_{30}$. The compositions with $T_g$ made into powders. Figure shows XRD data of thin film showed similar hollow peak.

  • PDF

열간 형단조 Nimonic 80A의 미세조직 변화 예측 (Microstructure Prediction of Superalloy Nimonic 80A for Hot Closed Die Forging)

  • 정호승;조종래;박희천;이성열
    • 소성∙가공
    • /
    • 제14권4호
    • /
    • pp.384-391
    • /
    • 2005
  • The nickel-based alloy Nimonic 80A possesses the excellent strength, and the resistance against corrosion, creep and oxidation at high temperature. Its products are used in aerospace engineering, marine engineering and power generation, etc. Control of forging parameters such as strain, strain rate, temperature and holding time is important because change of the microstructure in hot working affects the mechanical properties. Change of the microstructure evolves by recovery, recrystallization and grain growth phenomena. The dynamic recrystallization evolution has been studied in the temperature range of $950\~1250^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range of $0.05\~5s^{-1}$ using hot compression tests. The metadynamic recrystallization and grain growth evolution has been studied in the temperature range of $950\~1250^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range $0.05,\;5s^{-1}$, holding time range of 5, 10, 100, 600 sec using hot compression tests. Modeling equations are proposed to represent the flow curve, recrystallized grain size, recrystallized fraction and grain growth phenomena by various tests. Parameters in modeling equations are expressed as a function of the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The modeling equation for grain growth is expressed as a function of the initial grain size and holding time. The modeling equations developed were combined with thermo-viscoplastic finite element modeling to predict the microstructure change evolution during hot forging process. The grain size predicted from FE simulation results is compared with results obtained in field product.

The Thermal Stability and Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of Spray-Deposited $SiC_P$/Al-11.7Fe-1.3V-1.7Si Composite

  • Hao, L.;He, Y.Q.;Wang, Na;Chen, Z.H.;Chen, Z.G.;Yan, H.G.;Xu, Z.K.
    • Advanced Composite Materials
    • /
    • 제18권4호
    • /
    • pp.351-364
    • /
    • 2009
  • The thermal stability and elevated temperature mechanical properties of $SiC_P$/Al-11.7Fe-1.3V-1.7Si (Al-11.7Fe-1.3V-1.7Si reinforced with SiC particulates) composites sheets prepared by spray deposition (SD) $\rightarrow$ hot pressing $\rightarrow$ rolling process were investigated. The experimental results showed that the composite possessed high ${\sigma}_b$ (elevated temperature tensile strength), for instance, ${\sigma}_b$ was 315.8 MPa, which was tested at $315^{\circ}C$, meanwhile the figure was 232.6 MPa tested at $400^{\circ}C$, and the elongations were 2.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the composite sheets exhibited excellent thermal stability: the hardness showed no significant decline after annealing at $550^{\circ}C$ for 200 h or at $600^{\circ}C$ for 10 h. The good elevated temperature mechanical properties and excellent thermal stability should mainly be attributed to the formation of spherical ${\alpha}-Al_{12}(Fe,\;V)_3Si$ dispersed phase particulates in the aluminum matrix. Furthermore, the addition of SiC particles into the alloy is another important factor, which the following properties are responsible for. The resultant Si of the reaction between Al matrix and SiC particles diffused into Al matrix can stabilize ${\alpha}-Al_{12}(Fe,\;V)_3Si$ dispersed phase; in addition, the interface (Si layer) improved the wettability of Al/$SiC_P$, hence, elevated the bonding between them. Furthermore, the fine $Al_4C_3$ phase also strengthened the matrix as a dispersion-strengthened phase. Meanwhile, load is transferred from Al matrix to SiC particles, which increased the cooling rate of the melt droplets and improved the solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening.

마그네슘합금의 조직제어(組織制御)와 성형가공(成形加工) 및 스크랩 리싸이클링 기술(技術) (Microstructure Control, Forming Technologies of Mg Alloys and Mg Scrap Recycling)

  • 심재동;이동휘
    • 자원리싸이클링
    • /
    • 제20권1호
    • /
    • pp.69-79
    • /
    • 2011
  • 마그네슘 합금은 비중이 1.74로 가벼운데다 비강도는 구조용 금속 중에서 가장 크며, 방진성, 전자파 차폐성, 저용점 용 여러 가지 장점이 있어 최근 자동차 부품과 전자산업 제품 분야에서 이용이 크게 기대되는 금속이다. 그러나 마그네슘의 결정구조는 조밀 육방정이기 때문에 소성변형이 가능한 슬립면이 한정되어 있으며 압연이나 압출가공 시에는 강한 집합조직이 형성되어 상온가공이 곤란하다. 따라서 지금까지 성형성 개선을 위한 조직제어와 성형기술 분야에서 많은 연구개발이 이루어져 왔다. 본고에서는 결정립과 집합조직에 관한 미세조직의 제어방법, 용체성형, 압연 및 압출에 관한 성형가공 기술과 마그네슘 스크랩 리싸이클링 기술에 관하여 최근의 연구개발 사례를 소개한다.

초내열합금 GTD-111의 고온 저주기피로 수명예측 (Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction in GTD-111 Superalloy at Elevated Temperatures)

  • 양호영;김재훈;유근봉;이한상;유영수
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
    • /
    • 제35권7호
    • /
    • pp.753-758
    • /
    • 2011
  • 초내열합금인 GTD-111은 고온강도와 내산화성이 우수하여 가스터빈에서 사용되는 소재이다. 초내열합금의 피로 수명 예측은 가스터빈의 효율을 개선하기 위하여 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서의 저주기 피로시험은 실제 운전 환경과 유사하게 변형률 범위, 온도를 다양하게 설정하여 시험을 수행하였다. GTD-111의 저주기 피로수명을 예측하기 위하여 변형률 에너지 밀도와 파단 사이클과의 관계를 이용하였다. 시험결과를 토대로 변형률 에너지법과 Coffin-Manson법에 의하여 피로수명을 예측하였다.