• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, many hospitals have been tried to increase the satisfaction of the outpatients through blood-gathering, exam, result notice and process in a day. Each laboratory has been used the automatic equipment for the rapid requests of the result notice and the increase of the reliability and efficiency. Current automatic equipments that have been limited short TAT(Turn-Around Time)because of the restricted batch lists and 1 tip-5 detectors. The Gamma Pro which is made in Korea to improve the shortcomings of existing automation equipment, complemented with capacity to perform a wide range of domestic automation equipment. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness and reliability of short TAT by comparing Gamma Pro with current automatic equipment. Materials and Methods: We studied the correlation between Gamma Pro and RIA-mat 280 using the respective 100 specimens of low or high density to the patients who were requested the thyroid hormone test (Total T3, TSH and Free T4) in Samsung Medical Center Sep. 2009. To evaluate the split-level Gamma Pro, First, we measured accuracy and carry over on the tips. Second, the condition of optimal incubation was measured by the RPM (Revolution Per Minute) and revolution axis diameter on the incubator. For the analysis for the speed of the specimen-processing, TAT was investigated with the results in a certain time. Result: The correlation coefficients (R2) between the Gamma Pro and RIA-mat 280 showed a good correlation as T3 (0.98), TSH (0.99), FT4 (0.92). The coefficient of variation (C.V) and accuracy was 0.38 % and 98.3 % at tip 1 and 0.39 % and 98.6 % at tip 2. Carry over showed 0.80 % and 1.04% at tip 1 and tip 2, respectively. These results indicate that tips had no effect on carry over contamination. At the incubator condition, we found that the optimal condition was 1.0mm of diameter at 600RPM in 1.0mm and 1.5mm of at 500RPM or 1.0mm and 1.5 mm of diameter at 600 RPM. the Gamma Pro showed that the number of exam times were increased as maximum 20 times/day comparing to 6 times/day by current automatic equipment. These results also led to the short TAT from 4.20 hour to 2.19 hours in whole processing. Conclusion: The correlation of between the Gamma Pro and RIA-mat 280 was good and has not carry over contamination in tips. The domestic automation equipment (Gamma Pro) decreases the TAT in whole test comparing to RIA-280. These results demonstrate that Gamma Pro has a good efficiency, reliability and practical usefulness, which may contribute to the excellent skill to process the large scale specimens.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.53-66
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze kinematic variables regarding lateral break-fall quantitatively that can protect the body, prevent the injury and minimize the impact. To this end, three Hapkido, judo athletes of H University with experience of over 5 years were selected. Test was conducted through three dimensional image analysis by checking the time and order the subjects reach a mat. In this study, lateral break-fall was repeated five times and among them, the best movement was selected. The picture shot with high-speed camera was analyzed by using KWON3D ver. 3.1 program through three dimensional coordinate calculation based on DLT method and smoothing process of data. Study results were as follows. 1. With respect to time variables shown in lateral break-fall of A, B, C athletes, there is small difference in temporal variables and in the order the body reaches a mat. With respect to average value, hand is ($0.94{\pm}0.20$), elbow ($0.97{\pm}0.17$), hip ($0.97{\pm}0.18$), back ($0.98{\pm}0.18$), and shoulder ($1.04{\pm}0.16$). Time variable the body reaches a mat in lateral break-fall is in hand, elbow, hip, back and shoulder. 2. With respect to moving distance variables shown in lateral break-fall of A, B, C athletes, hand is ($34.33{\pm}34.59$), elbow ($52.00{\pm}26.06$), hip ($70.00{\pm}15.72$), back ($153.67{\pm}17.93$), and should ($130.67{\pm}29.02$). The fact that this study contributed to improving security martial arts technique and protecting the body by understanding the principle of lateral break-fall movement is of significance. In addition, the fact that this study provided systematic basic data for improving security martial arts technique is significant.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the rational method to analyze golf swing with specific property of club shaft. Three subjects were filmed by two high speed digital cameras with 500 fps. The phase analyzed was downswing of each subject. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks were obtained with motion analysis system Kwon3d 3.0 version and smoothed by lowpass digital filter with cutoff frequency 6Hz. From these data, kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated using Matlab(ver 5.0) The variables for this study were angular velocity and accelerations, which were calculated and following conclusions have been made : 1) Golf swing time of stiff club is faster than that of regular club. 2) In shoulder joint motion of swing with the stiff club, x-stiff showed mort rapid negative acceleration than that of regular club. 3) In regular club, the velocity of club head would be more effective velocity, which was increasing, than those of other clubs before impact. 4) In wrist joint motion of swing with stiff club, x-stiff club showed faster than regular club in the downswing and impact more rapid negative acceleration.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2003

Purpose: To analyze the clinical outcome and radiological features after surgical treatment of stage III giant cell tumor around the knee. Materials and Methods: 21 patients with stage III giant cell tumor around the knee joint, who were operated at our institutes between March 1991 and February 2000, were selected for this study. The average follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 1~9 years). After thorough curettage using high speed burr, cryosurgery and cementing with polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) were performed in 11 patients. 7 patients were treated with PMMA cementing (4 patients) or bone grafting (3 patients) after curettage without cryosurgery. Reconstruction with prosthesis composite allograft and knee fusion with Huckstep nail were performed in 3 patients with huge defect and joint perforation. Results: Local recurrence developed in 1 out of 11 patients who was treated with curettage and cementing with cryosurgery (9.1%) and 3 out of 7 patients who underwent curettage and cementing without cryosurgery (28.6%). Joint space narrowing more than 3mm was noted in 1 patient (9.1%), who treated with cryosurgery and anther patient (14.5%) who treated without cryosurgery. There was no local recurrence in case of wide resection and reconstruction. Conclusion: Thorough curettage and PMMA cementing with cryosurgery as an adjuvant is thought to be effective modalities in the treatment of stage 3 giant cell tumors around the knee. Wide resection and reconstruction can be reserved mainly for the cases of stage 3 giant cell tumor with significant cortical destruction and marked joint destruction, and the cases of local recurrence with poor bone stock.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.336-346
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• 2012

This study was carried out to obtain information related to life styles, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits according to gender and weight status of college students in Ulsan. The subjects were 324 college students (144 males, 180 females), and they were divided into three groups based on BMI. The average BMI was $21.0kg/m^2$, and the BMI of underweight, normal, and overweight students were 15.4%, 63.0%, and 21.6%, respectively. Among the male students, 0.1% and 34.0%, and among the female subjects, 27.2% and 11.7%, were included in the underweight and overweight groups, respectively. For dietary habits, the rate of skipping breakfast (34.9%) was considerably higher than those skipping lunch and dinner. Overall, the nutrition knowledge score, which was assessed by 15 questions, was somewhat low (44.9/100), yet, it was higher in females than in male students. There were significant differences among gender and weight status in several items of dietary habits such as the speed of eating meals, consuming breakfast on a regular basis, and sleeping hours. 40% of the subjects had appropriate knowledge about high calorie foods with low nutritional value. In the blood analysis of the subjects, males had higher hemoglobin levels than females. Further, more females were included in the risk group of Hb, total cholesterol, and LDL. These results suggest that in order to develop nutrition education programs for college students, differences between gender and weight status, dietary habits, and nutrition knowledge level should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.451-463
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• 2018

The empirical/statistical models to estimate the ground Particulate Matter ($PM_{2.5}$) concentration from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) product were developed and analyzed for the period of 2015 in Seoul, South Korea. In the model construction of AOD-$PM_{2.5}$, two vertical correction methods using the planetary boundary layer height and the vertical ratio of aerosol, and humidity correction method using the hygroscopic growth factor were applied to respective models. The vertical correction for AOD and humidity correction for $PM_{2.5}$ concentration played an important role in improving accuracy of overall estimation. The multiple linear regression (MLR) models with additional meteorological factors (wind speed, visibility, and air temperature) affecting AOD and $PM_{2.5}$ relationships were constructed for the whole year and each season. As a result, determination coefficients of MLR models were significantly increased, compared to those of empirical models. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal, monthly and diurnal characteristics of AOD-$PM_{2.5}$model. when the MLR model is seasonally constructed, underestimation tendency in high $PM_{2.5}$ cases for the whole year were improved. The monthly and diurnal patterns of observed $PM_{2.5}$ and estimated $PM_{2.5}$ were similar. The results of this study, which estimates surface $PM_{2.5}$ concentration using geostationary satellite AOD, are expected to be applicable to the future GK-2A and GK-2B.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.519-533
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• 2018

The sensible heat flux (SHF)and latent heat flux (LHF) over Korean Peninsula ocean during recent 4 years were calculated using Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) 3.5 bulk algorithm and satellite-based atmospheric-ocean variables. Among the four input variables (10-m wind speed; U, sea surface temperature; $T_s$, air temperature; $T_a$, and air humidity; $Q_a$) required for heat flux calculation, Ta and $Q_a$, which are not observed directly by satellites, were estimated from empirical relations developed using satellite-based columnar atmospheric water vapor (W) and $T_s$. The estimated satellite-based $T_a$ and $Q_a$ show high correlation coefficients above 0.96 with the buoy observations. The temporal and spatial variability of monthly ocean heat fluxes were analyzed for the Korean Peninsula ocean. The SHF showed low values of $20W/m^2$ over the entire areas from March to August. Particularly, in July, SHF from the atmosphere to the ocean, which is less than $0W/m^2$, has been shown in some areas. The SHF gradually increased from September and reached the maximum value in December. Similarly, The LHF showed low values of $40W/m^2$ from April to July, but it increased rapidly from autumn and was highest in December. The analysis of monthly characteristics of the meteorological variables affecting the heat fluxes revealed that the variation in differences of temperature and humidity between air and sea modulate the SHF and LHF, respectively. In addition, as the sensitivity of SHF and LHF to U increase in winter, it contributed to the highest values of ocean heat fluxes in this season.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 1982

Soil water changes in lysimeters with four different soils and two different available soil depths were monitored during the growing seasons of the soybean-barley cropping from 1977 to 1980 in Suweon to evaluate evapotranspiration (ET) as a function of available soil water and evaporative demand of the atmosphere. ET was calculated with soil water profile and water balance. Soil water content was measured with a neutron moisture depth gauage and The evaporative demand of the atmosphere was estimated with a class A pan evaporation. Rainfall. solar radiation, and wind speed were observed to examine heat and water balances. The average ET of soybeans ranged from 1.6 mm/day at seedling to 6.5 mm/day at flowering, and that of barley ranged from 0.5 mm/day at the regrowth stage to 4.6 mm/day at heading; however, a large variability was observed. The ratio of ET to pan evaporation ($ET/E_o$) ranged from 0.5 to 1.1 for soybeans and 0.4 to 1.2 for barley. The soil evaporation factor ($K_e$) of the $ET/E_o$ component decreased as the soil water depleted and the canopy developed. The crop transpiration factor ($K_t$), another component of $ET/E_o$, also was a function of time and the soil water. $K_t$ was constant when the available soil water fraction (f) in the root zone was greater than a threshold value, and $K_e$ was decreased linearly when f was lower than this threshold. The threshold was 0.7 for the moderate evaporative demand days, 0.4 to 0.5 for the low evaporative demand days, and 0.9 to 0.96 for the high evaporative demand days. Conclusively, the ET can be estimated from the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, $E_o$, $K_e$ and $K_t$, and the available soil water content in the root zone.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.847-856
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• 2016

Recently, with a high level of economic growth, rapid urbanization, population, environment and housing problems were accompanied in Korea. In particular, the traffic problem has become a serious social problem. As the current transportation policy has been carried out, concentrating on traffic flow, in 2015, death rate for pedestrians while walking (1,795 persons) is 38.8% compared to entire death rate in car accident (4,621 persons), so there is need to solve it. Although, crosswalk should make pedestrian cross it safely, it has been made on the basis of the width of road without exact standard for current width of the crosswalk and the location of stop line. Moreover, in the area around many campuses or commercial facilities, crosswalks are set with not considering pedestrian passage, but designed uniformly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate reasonable dimension of crosswalk considering pedestrian traffic and walking speed and it makes the accident rate lower in the crosswalk, which has a lot of problems including decisions of vehicle traffic signal time, lack of pedestrian's signal timing, pedestrian's crossing of long-distance. The following are the methodology of the study. Firstly, for crosswalk calculation of specifications, examination relating existing regulations and researches dealing with crosswalk, pedestrians and stop line is needed. After analyzing problems of current width of crosswalk and stop line, present the methodology to calculation of specifications and basing on these things, calculation of specifications for crosswalk will be decided. In conclusion, the calculation of specification and improvement of stop line for crosswalk laid out in this study are expected to be utilized as base data in case of establishing relevant safety facilities and standards.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-85
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• 2007

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with the fine grid is applied to simulate the barotropic tides, tidal currents, residual currents and salinity dispersions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Data inputs include seasonal hydrography, mean wind and river input, and oceanic tides. Computed tidal distributions of four major tides($M_2,\;S_2,\;K_1$ and $O_1$) are presented and results are in good agreement with the observations in the domain. The model reproduces well the tidal charts. The tidal residual current is relatively strong around west coast of Korea including the Cheju Island and southern coast of China. The current by $M_2$ has a maximum speed of 10 cm/s in the vicinity of Cheju Island with a anti-clockwise circulation in the Yellow Sea. General tendency of the current, however, is to flow eastward in the South Sea. Surface residual current simulated with $M_2$ and with $M_2+S_2+K_1+O_1$ tidal forcing shows slightly different patterns in the East China Sea. The model shows that the southerly wind reduces the southward current created by freshwater discharge. In summer during high runoff(mean discharge about $50,000\;m^3/s$ of Yangtze), low salinity plume-like structure(with S < 30.0 psu) extending some 160 km toward the northeast and Changjiang Diluted Water(CDW), below salinity 26 psu, was found within about 95 km. The offshore dispersion of the Changjiang outflow water is enhanced by the prevailing southerly wind. It is estimated that the inertia of the river discharge cannot exclusively reach the around sea of Cheju Island. It is noted that spatial and temporal distribution of salinity and the other materials are controlled by mixture of Changjiang discharge, prevailing wind, advection by flowing warm current and tidal current.