• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of Northeast Asians to discriminate the salinity in salt solution and foods, and to compare their preference of salinity. Panels of Korean, Japanese and Chinese evaluated three kinds of samples that contained different level of salt such as salt solutions, julienned radish salad, Bulgogi. The salt levels had been manipulated to produce five samples of each one. The salt solutions were prepared by adding 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.1%, 1.5%, 1.9% salt into water. Different levels of salt in Julienned radish salad and Bulgogi were prepared by adding 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% salt to the recipe. The results of this study showed that the three ethnic groups had significant differences in their ability to distinguish the intensity of salinity in solutions containing a high contents of salt(1.5~1.9%). According to the regression analysis, Koreans(a=1.050) turned out to be the most able to detect the intensity of salinity, compared to the Japanese (a=0.988) and Chinese (a=0.807). All ethnic groups preferred a salt concentration of 0.3%, and the preference for this concentration was lower in Japanese than in Koreans and Chinese. There were significant differences in the perception of salinity in the julienned radish salad containing more than 3.5% salt between Koreans and Chinese. Koreans (a=1.168) appeared to be the most able to detect the intensity of salinity, compared to the Japanese (a=0.908) and Chinese (a=0.793). Both Koreans and Japanese had the strongest preference for the julienned radish salad containing a 1.5% salt concentration, while the Chinese preferred a salt concentraion of 2.5%. The ability of ethnic groups to detect the salinity in Bulgogi were significantly different at high salt -concentrations (more than 3.5%), and the awareness of salinity was as fallows : Koreans(a=0.161) > Japanese (a=0.896) > Chinese (a= 0.845). Koreans and Japanese had a higher preference or the Bulgogi containing a salt concentration of 1.5%, and the Chinese had higher preference at a salt concentration of 2.5%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.591-602
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• 2018

Clithon retropictus has been designated as an endangered wildlife Class II due to its high value as a biological indicator species capable of judging environmental quality such as salinity, water flow, and ground conditions. However, basic research on its physiological and ecological characteristics is still lacking. As such, this study intended to examine the impact of environmental conditions such as salinity and soil particle size on the size and density of Clithon retropictus at the Yeoncho river estuary. The investigation of the salinity, which is a key variable that affects the distribution of organisms in the estuary, showed that Clithon retropictus could grow at a salinity ranging from 0#x2030; (freshwater) to 25‰ (brackish water). The coarse gravel (19-75mm) tended to increase nearer the upper stream (under the Yeoncho weir), while the proportion of particles smaller than sand (less than 19mm) increased toward the downstream. The population and the size of the individuals decreased rapidly in the downstream where water stagnated near the Yeoncho weir, and the salt water joined. The results indicated that Clithon retropictus had a high tolerance to salinity, but the adaptability was weaker toward the extremes since the population, and the size tended to decrease as the salinity increased. The correlation analysis revealed that both salinity and soil particle size affected the population and individual size. The correlation between the individual size and salinity was -0.242 (P <0.01), indicating that the size decreased with increasing salinity. The correlation between individual size and coarse gravel having a particle size of 19mm or more was 0.420 (P <0.01), indicating that the size increased with increasing the particle size.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1205-1213
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• 2013

We investigated the optimum salinity and temperature conditions for the mass culture of small rotifer, Keratella sp.. In the salinity experiment ranging from 0-34‰, the population growth of Keratella sp. drastically increased continuously up to 15‰, and then slightly increased over 20‰. Their maximum density reached 1,007 inds./mL at 0‰. A pre-reproductive phase was shorter in low salinity than in high salinity. The highest number of offspring per female (10.2 inds.) and lifespan of the female (10.7 days) were obtained at 0‰, but there were no significant differences compared to those at 5‰. In the temperature experiments ranging from 16-$32^{\circ}C$, the highest maximum density (1,766 inds./mL) was shown at $24^{\circ}C$. The number of offspring per female significantly increased with increasing temperature, and the highest number of offspring per female was 10.4 inds. at $24^{\circ}C$. The lifespan of female increased with decreasing temperature and the longest lifespan was 12.8 days at $16^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1599-1603
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• 2008

Sodium is involved in elevation of oxalate content in some plant species and this element is abundant in saline soils. Oxalate causes precipitation of insoluble calcium oxalate in the rumen and kidneys. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil salinity stress on dry matter yield and oxalate content in pot-grown napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). Plants were cut three times at 56, 118 and 179 d after transplanting to the pots. Five salinity treatments were used containing various concentrations of NaCl solution as follows: 0, 100, 300, 600 and 900 mM. At 28, 42, 84, 98, 146 and 160 d after transplanting, plants were irrigated with one liter of the particular treatment for each application. Dry matter yield of napiergrass was not affected (p>0.05) by salinity treatments. Plants treated with 100 mM NaCl exhibited a higher soluble oxalate content compared to other treatments, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Although salinity treatments had significant (p<0.05) effects on insoluble and total oxalate contents in plant tissue between the 100 and 900 mM NaCl treatments, the differences were too small to be considered biologically important. The present study indicates that where the soil is high in NaCl, napiergrass will tend to grow well and be low in oxalate.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.150-171
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• 2000

In the Cheju Island, there are high salinity water yield in the coastal area. There are various reason; the main reason is low-groundwater level by the structure of geology, and over-yielding etc. This study analysis water quality, the distribution of high salinity wells. 16 sample well logged the electronic geology survey. As result of distribution of Cl$^-$ is the East Area is high than other areas. Water quality test data divides 6 group by sea level of well bottom: over Om, Om~-1Om, -10~-20m, -20~-30m, -30~-40m, under -40m. According collect data of Kriging, and logged the electronic geology survey, and other survey are related chlorine(Cl$^-$). The map of Cl$^-$ distribution was made. Bukcheju Gun, Hallim Up, there are 2 wells prevent high salinity water. Both of well are effective grout sill salinity water intrusion aquifer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.364-364
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• 2017

Saemangeum reclaimed land is a part of Saemangeum Development Project. Most of the persistent problems of Saemangeum reclaimed land remain to be related to soil salinity. Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor related to microbial community structure and also fungi have been reported to be more sensitive to salinity stress than bacteria. The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil salinity levels on the microbial communities in Saemangeum reclaimed land using 454 pyrosequencing analysis. Soil samples was collected from 12 sites of in Saemangeum reclaimed land. For pyrosequencing, 27F/518R (bacteria) and ITS3/ITS4 (fungi) primers were used containing the Roche 454 pyrosequencing adaptor-key-linker (underlined) and unique barcodes (X). Pyrosequencing was performed by Chun's Lab (Seoul, Korea) using the standard shotgun sequencing reagents and a 454 GS FLX Titanium sequencing System (Roche, Inc.). In the soil samples, Proteobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota (fungi) shows the highest relative abundance in all the soil sample sites. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Parcubacteria were shown to have significantly higher abundance in high salinity level soils than low salinity level soils, while Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae has significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The abundance of fungal, Ascomycota has the highest relative abundance in soil samples, followed by Basidiomycota, Chlorophyta, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota and Cerozoa were show significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and correlation analysis shown to salinity-related soil parameters such as ECe, Na+, SAR and EPS were affected to bacterial and fungal community structure. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes exhibited significantly positive correlation with soil salinity, while Acidobacteria exhibited significantly negative correlation. In the case of fungal community, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were seen show significantly negative correlation with salinity related soil parameters. These results suggest that provide understanding effect of soil salinity on microbial community structure and correlation of microbial community with soil parameters in Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.310-320
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• 2008

Water temperature and salinity variation patterns were analysed using the CTD data measured in the Yeochari, Dongmakri and Donggeomdo intertidal zone, south of Ganghwado. Only the data during the submersion period of the measurement stations were used in this analysis. It is clearly shown that the correlation between air and water temperatures is very low and the water temperature variation shows clearly the opposite patterns as the tidal elevation increases and decreases. Whereas, the salinity change shows the similar pattern of the tidal elevation change pattern because the salinity change pattern could be described as the increasing function from the shoreline to offshore regions due to the continuous ground-water inflow in the adjacent watersheds. The salinity is increased from the submersion time to the high tide and decreased from the high tide to the exposure time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1996

In order to investigate the relation between the environmental properties and the catch fluctuation of set net fishing grounds located in the coastal waters of Yosu, oceanographic observations on the fishing grounds were carried out by the training ship ofYosu Fisheries University from January, 1990 to September, 1992, and the data obtained were compared with the catch data from the joint market ofYosu fisheries cooperative society from 1984 to 1993. The resuItes obtained are summerized as follows : 1. The ranges of water temperature and salinity in the fishing ground was 7.0 to $27^{\circ}C.$and 26.6 to 33.2${\textperthousand}$, and water temperature increased from March to August and decreased from September to February of following year. 2. The salinity in the fishing grounds was relatively high without significant changes from November to June of the following year. From July, however, the salinity decreased to continue a low value till September and then increased. The salinity in the fishing ground was dominated mainly by the precipitation and its variation was large at the north entrance of set net fishing ground, influenced greatly by the land waters from the river of Somjin, but small in the offshore of the fishing grounds. 3. The fishes caught by the set nets were arranged in order of catch as follows; Spanish mackerel> Horse mackerel > Sardine > Anchovy > Hair tail. The catches of Anchovy and Sardine were high in April to May and those of Hair tail in June to July, but Spanish mackerel and Horse mackerel were caught for whole period of fishing. Spanish mackerel was caught most in September and least in April and their means were largest in August and smallest in June. 4. The ranges of optimum water temperature for fishing by the set nets was 13.5 to $25^{\circ}C.$, and in the ranges the catches increased with increasing temperature. The ranges of optimum salinity for fishing varied between 25.0 and 32.0${\textperthousand}$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.900-907
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• 2013

The development processes of a L-band microwave radiometer for remote sensing of water surface salinity are described in this paper. Achieving the development aim of the measurement accuracy within 2 psu for water surface salinity of 0~40 psu, the requirements and specifications of the microwave radiometer and its receiver are drawn. The receiver with high gain, high sensitivity is designed and implemented to satisfy these requirements and specifications. The receiver has the bandwidth of 45 MHz, the system gain of 47 dB and the sensitivity of 0.41 K at 1,390 MHz. The effectiveness of the developed L-band microwave radiometer for remote sensing of water surface salinity is demonstrated experimentally. The results show the microwave radiometer can detect water surface salinity for 10~28 psu within the accuracy of 1.4 psu.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.418-426
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• 2015

Recently, shipping operators have been making efforts to reduce the fuel cost in various ways, such as trim optimization and bulb re-design. Furthermore, IMO restricts the hydro-dioxide emissions to the environment based on the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index), EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator), and SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan). In particular, ship speed is one of the most important factors for calculating the EEDI, which is based on methods suggested by ITTC (International Towing Tank Conference) or ISO (International Standardization Organization). Many shipbuilding companies in Korea have carried out speed trials around the Korea Straits. However, the conditions for these speed trials have not been exactly the same as those for model tests. Therefore, a ship’s speed is corrected by measured environmental data such as the seawater temperature, density, wind, waves, swell, drift, and rudder angle to match the conditions of the model tests. In this study, fundamental research was performed to evaluate the ship resistance performance due to changes in the water temperature and salinity, comparing the ISO method and numerical simulation. A numerical simulation of a KCS (KRISO Container ship) with a free-surface was performed using the commercial software Star-CCM+ under three conditions that were assumed based on the water temperature and salinity data in the Korea Straits. In the simulation results, the resistance increased under low water temperature & high salinity conditions, and it decreased under high water temperature & low salinity conditions. In addition, the ISO method showed the same result as the simulation.