• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

One major constraint in the development and implementation of a successful and cost-effective area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme with a SIT component for Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the ability to produce a large number of high quality mass-reared individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a more efficient and practical egg collection system in an attempt to improve the mass-rearing of this species. The following basic parameters were examined: egg production per female, egg hatch, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and percentage of fliers. Three different strains (Israel wild-type, France wild-type, and Greece laboratory) were tested and each strain was evaluated for six generations. Female flies of the Israel strain produced significantly more eggs per female than the other two strains, but egg hatch was significantly lower. Egg hatch of the France wild type and the Greece laboratory strain was similar. For all other parameters, there was no significant difference between strains; however, there was a significant generational effect for all parameters observed. As a result of this study, a protocol was developed for the mass-rearing of this species that included the use of large adult holding cages that could house up to 96,000 flies per cage. The newly developed method of egg collection using a flat wax panel as one of the sides of an adult holding cage proved to be cost-effective, efficient, making colony growth easier for industrial mass-rearing.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

To obtain the basic information on culture conditions for the larvae of Saxidomus purpuratus, experiments were conducted on the population from southern coast for (1) the success in fertilization and development from artificial fertilization among different months of a year, (2) the viability of sperms after exposure to seawater, (3) and the effects of temperature, salinity, and food organism on the survival and growth of larvae. Gametes obtained from dissection showed high rate of fertilization at all months. But the rate of development was higher only May-July. Developmental success seemed to be related with the quality of eggs at the time of fertilization. Developmental times for 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, blastula, trochophore larva, and veliger larva at 20$^{\circ}C$ were 1.5, 2, 4, 18, 24, and 32 hr, respectively. Sperms could survive for more than 8 hr, however, actively swimming sperms could be found within 1 hr after exposure to seawater. It is recommended that sperms should be used for fertilization as soon as possible when they are exposed to seawater. At temperature of 35$^{\circ}C$, all the larvae died during 48 hr. Larval survival decreased when salinity was either lower than 20 psu or higher than 40 psu, and was 0% when salinity was 10 psu. Optimal range of temperature and salinity for rearing larvae of S. purpuratus were 20-25$^{\circ}C$ and 20-40 psu, respectively. Larvae grew from 111.5 to 235.3 ${\mu}$m during 21 days. Larvae fed mixed diets grew faster than unialgal diets. The fastest growth was observed when larvae were fed on the mixture of Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloris oculata.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2023

The Daehwangjam has excellent marketability and quality. However, precise silkworm breeding data on the recent high-temperature environment is not enough collected, and it is necessary to check whether stable Daewhangjam silkworm egg production was possible in poor environments. In this study, the timing of metamorphosis of the Daewhangjam parents Jam323 and Jam324 silkworms, in an optimal condition and a general condition similar to breeding grounds, was investigated to confirm that appropriate mating was achieved. Surprisingly, a number of female moths were discarded due to the metamorphosis of Jam324 female moths much earlier than Jam323 male moths in either an optimal or a general condition. To improve this, during the Jam324 female pupation period, the mild low-temperature of 15℃ was treated for the pupation period to delay the metamorphosis into female moths. Depending on the treatment period, the metamorphosis of the female pupa was delayed by more than 4 days, allowing normal mating with the Jam323 male moth. The eye pigments in a pupa also slowly accumulated in these treatments. In order to discover the side effects of low-temperature treatments, the voltinism of the Daewhangjam eggs was investigated, but most of them remained univoltine. Taken together, the low-temperature treatment during the female pupation period made it possible to use Jam324 female moths that were should be discarded, which means that stable and efficient management of Daewhangjam egg production is possible.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.411-422
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• 2015

Objectives: This study investigated the socioeconomic factors that affect quality of life (QL) in healthy adults and to study the relationship between QL and health-related habits and food intake. Methods: Subjects consisted of 1,154 healthy adults without any known disease, aged 19 to 65 years from the 2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. We used SPSS statistical program version 20.0 for data analysis. Results: The average age and QL score of the study population were 36.7 years and 0.99 points, respectively. Males had a significantly higher QL score than the females (p < 0.001), and employed subjects and those employed in permanent positions had significantly higher scores as compared respectively with unemployed subjects and those employed in temporary positions (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The group that responded "almost every day" to the "frequency of binge drinking" and "frequency of disruption of daily life due to drinking" had significantly lower QL scores as compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Further, the scores were significantly higher for individuals who practiced "intense physical activities" and "walking" (p < 0.001). The groups that responded that they were "very stressed" showed significantly lower QL scores in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in QL scores according to anthropometric or biochemical indices. When subjects were divided into two groups based on average QL scores, the frequency of intake of "barbecued beef" was significantly higher while the frequency of intake of "fried eggs or rolled omelet," and "soy milk" was significantly lower in the high QL group. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is evident that in healthy adults without any known underlying illnesses, psychological factors such as economic activity, occupational environment, and stress are considered to have a greater impact on their QL than are nutrient intake, blood biochemical indices, and anthropometric status.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2002

The fresh eggs of African ostrich in Korea were used in this study to investigate their interior and exterior quality characteristics. In ostrich egg shape characteristics, long and short length were measured as 15.1~16.1 cm and 12.1~13.6 cm, respectively. The egg shape index was calculated as 81.0 and the egg shell showed a more g loss white in color than that of hen egg. Calculated breaking strength of egg shell and egg shell surface based on the equation were $41.155kg/cm^3$ and $804.7cm^2$, respectively. Average egg shell thickness including egg shell membrane was 1.89 mm and there are no differences among parts of the shell. The egg shell membrane thickness was 0.10 mm showing relatively thick in equator compared with that of blunt end. The ave rage number of egg shell pores was counted as $19.7/cm^2$ showing relatively high number of egg shell pores at point end and the total number of egg shell pores in an egg was estimated as 15,241. The relative port ion of each parts based on egg weight was estimated as 25.1% for egg yolk, 58.2% for egg white, 16.7% for egg shell and the ratio of egg yolk to egg white (Y/W) was 0.43. The average diameter and the ave rage height of ostrich egg white were 19.7 cm and 13.2 mm, respectively. Calculated the H.U (Haugh Unit) was -69.7 and the pH was 8.3. In ostrich egg yolk, the diameter, the height, the egg yolk index, and it's pH were calculated as 14.4 cm, 29.4 mm, 0.20, and 6.6, respectively. And the egg yolk color showed a more thin in yellow chroma compared with that of hen egg as due to it's thicker membrane.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary fat and individual fatty acids intake pattern of 174 college women living in Seoul and Gyong-gi province through internet nutritional assessment system. Each of the subjects was required to input their own food intake for three days, which included two days during the week and one day of the weekend, on the web program directly and all of the data collected were used for statistical analysis. The mean daily caloric intake of the subjects was 1,500.9 kcal which was at 71.5% of Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). Dietary fat contributed 27.6% of the total caloric intake which was slightly higher than the recommended limit of 25%. Daily cholesterol intake was 310.0 mg, which was also high to some degree. Mean daily N6 and N3 fatty acid intake was 6.1 g and 0.9 g, respectively, and calory % calculated from each were 3.63% and 0.53%. This result showed the intake of N3 fatty acid fell in Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMR) $0.5\sim1.0%$ but that of N6 fatty acid was somewhat lower than the AMDR $4\sim8%$. N6/N3 ratio 8.5/l, however, was within the desirable range $4\sim10/1$. Considering overall dietary fatty acids intake, oleic acid was the most abundant, followed by linoleic and palmitic acid. And among polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, linoleic acid was exclusively high, accounting for 97.4% of total N6 fatty acid intake. On the contrary, three fatty acids, linolenic (67.3%), DHA (21.1%) and EPA (10.0%), together supplied 98.4% of total N3 fatty acid intake. Mean P/M/S was 0.9/l.1/1.0. The subjects' intake of fat, many fatty acids and cholesterol came from diverse food groups including meats, fats and oils, milk and milk products, eggs, fish, and soybean products. Nevertheless, the subjects tended to show unfavorable fat and fatty acids intake pattern in terms of quantity and quality. Based on these results, it is important to monitor dietary fat intake pattern of the general population continuously and an internet program such as the one used for this study would be valuable, especially for assessing dietary patterns in the younger generation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 1988

This survey was conducted to investigate about purchasing, use and management of cooking oil, and the intake amounts of each food and fats & oils from each food on 296 housewives in a big city, medium and small city, farming village, fishing village, and mountain village from June 5 to July 20 in 1987. The percentage and $x^2$-test were used in data analysis and the arithmetic mean of the gross intake divided by the total subjects gave the intake amounts per capita per day. The results of this study are as following; 1. Purchasing and keeping of cooking oil. The reading ratio of label in purchasing cooking oil was high among housewives of cities and highly educated housewives. There were dissatisfactions about quality (46.7%), price (33.7%), and packing (19.5%) after purchasing cooking oil. Cooking oil was being kept mainly in glasses (64.7%) or in synthetic plastics (31.5%), and also in dark & cool places. 2. Use and refining of cooking oil. More housewives (70.6%) kept cooking oil used once in a different container after filtering. The housewives re-using used oil after adding new oil to it were only 30.0%. There were a lot of housewives frying foods twice or three times in the same oil. 3. Intake of fats & oils and foods containing fats & oils. Average intake amounts of food containing fats & oils per person per day was 6.85g in fats & oils, 42.96g in meat & its products, 95.13g in fishes & shellfishes, 22.89g in eggs, 60.69g in legumes & its products, 61.00g in milk & milk products, 4.22g in seeds & nuts, and 9.36g in instant noodles. Average intake amounts of fats & oils per person per day taken from these foods was 6.4g from fats & oils, 2.3g from meat & its products, 4.3g from fishes & shellfishes, 2.7g from eggs, 3.0g from legumes & its products, 2.5g from milk & milk products, 1.8g from seeds & nuts, and 1.7g from instant noodles.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1980

The main purposes of the nutrition and clinical surveys were to provide baseline information on the nutritional status of pre-school children in rural health demonstration project areas of the Korea Health Development Institute (KHDI) for nutrition guidance services for the MCH target group. The survey covered a total of 222 pre-school children and 135 mothers in Okgu Gun, Cholla Pukto Province from August 10 to August 17, 1979. The survey results are summarized as follows: 1) Family Environment Seventy percent of the households had more than three children, and the mean family sire was 6. Sixty-nine percent of the mothers and 47% of the fathers of the surveyed households were educated at or below the primary school level. The majority, 70% of the mothers, were aged between 20 years and 35 years. 2) Anthropometric Measurements and Hemoglobin Value 4.5% of the children were lower than 80% weight for age of the Korean standard, and 5.4% were lower than 85% arm circumference for age of the Jelliffe's standard resectively, and those were suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. Angular stomatitis were observed on 66.2% of the subjects. Mean hemoglobin value was 11.1g/100m1, and 44.2% of the subjects were categorized as anaemia. 3) Food and Nutrient Intake of animal foods was very low, ranging from 2.9 to 17%. Consumption of eggs was less than 2% of total food intake, and intake of legumes was also very scanty, between 0.8 to 3.7%. These data present evidence of very poor protein intake, quality as well as quantity. Energy intake of children was 60.0 to 64.4% of the recommended allowance, and mean protein intake only met 47.4% of the recommendation. Low intake of vitamins except thiamin were also found. 4) Mother's Nutrition Knowledge Eighty-five percent of the mothers were entirely ignorant regarding the 'five basic food group' which is most important fact on food and nutrition guidance. Mean knowledge score from 14 basic questions about food and nutrition was as low as 5.1. There was a significant positive correlation between mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score. 5) Family Planning Variable There were significant correlation among maternal, family planning variables, and some of the nutritional and physical measurements. The study revealed that the mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score are more crucial factors than the family planning variables on effecting food intakes on children. Recommendation : According to the results of the surveys, there were high incident rates of nutritional anaemia and angular stomatitis among pre-school children, and most of rural women had very limited knowledge about food and nutrition. As a main part of the health education activities, the community health workers should provide nutrition education to the village mothers to improve the nutrional status of young children in rural areas. Nutrional promotion at the primary health care level should be mainly based on appropriate nutrition education.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.79-106
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• 2016

This study examined the meanings of the disability education of the mothers who reared their children with brain lesions. For this purpose, Rennie's hermeneutic grounded theory was applied and the consented 7 mothers participated in this study. With the in-depth interviews, 53 meaning units, 16 subordinate categories and 7 hermeneutic categories were classified. These 7 hermeneutic categories were 'wailing miserably everyday', 'social mobilization of the surroundings', 'straight forward', 'smash rock with the eggs', 'looking at a faraway', 'learning together' and 'subjectivation of disability education.' The experience of disabled children education process was concurrent experience of frustration and hoping that moving toward a big hope through the resignation stage, the chasing stage, the vision stage, the challenge stage, and the small achievement stage. Repetitive common patterns of behavior revealed three types: wishy-washy type, realistic-strategy type, and indomitable-challenge type. Moreover, the core category of educational experience was concluded to be 'a pedagogical process of turning despair from severe disabilities into hope through education.' Based on the analysis results, concrete intervention plans for social welfare practice were suggested to support the disabled children's lives with high quality of education.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of the induced molting diet based on wheat bran on the postmolt performance of layers. Two hundred White Leghorn layers (65-old-wk) with over 80% egg production were used for 8 weeks in this work. Treatments were non-molt control (CO), fasting treatment for 10 days (FW), molt treatment with used molting diet for 4 wk (UM), molt treatment with molting diet based on corn-wheat bran for 4 wk (CW), and molt treatment with molting diet based on wheat bran for 4 wk (WM) as 5 treatments (4 replications/treatment and 10 birds/replication). Feed intake decreased at molting treatments at first weeks and increased after the 3rd week compared to control (P<0.05). Body weight (BW) loss were 18.6% of initial BW at first week in FW treatment, and were 11.4, 14.2 and 17.4% in UM, CW and WM treatments at 4th weeks (P<0.05). Egg production decreased at 1 week in molt treatment and stopped at 2 week in FW, whereas, other molting treatments didn't stop laying eggs. The birds started to lay egg at 4 week in FW and recovered at 5 week in other molting treatments. Egg quality (eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, haugh unit) was high in molting treatments compared with control at 8th weeks (P<0.05). Finally, molting diet based on wheat bran affected BW loss and egg quality such as eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength and haugh unit.