• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2008

Objectives : In order to investigate the effects of Soongijeseub-bang(Shunqichushi-fang)(here in after referred to SJB) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory, on C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups(normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with SJB extract) and fed for 15 weeks. And observed that, body weight change, final increase of body weight, the weight change of the adipocytes, the level change of ALT, AST, creatinine, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, NEFA, glucose, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$, leptin, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene in primary adipocytes and adipocytes tissue. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. SJB 500 mg/kg extract group showed considerable decrease in weight, the final increase of weight and the amount of adipocyte in weight. 2. All experimental group showed that the amount of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and NEFA were decreased considerably. SJB 500 mg/kg extract group showed the amount of HDL-cholesterol and leptin were increased considerably. 3. All experimental group showed that the revelation of ${\beta}3AR$ in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell were increased considerably, and that the revelation of leptin in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell were decreased considerably. SJB $100{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$ extract group showed that the revelation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ were decreased considerably. 4. SJB 500 mg/kg extract group showed that the size of adipocyte in adipocytes tissue were decreased. 5. All experimental group showed that the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue were decreased considerably. Conclusions : Comparison of the results for this study showed that SJB is effective on obesity care and has obese-inhibitory effects in obese mouse induced by high fat diet. So it is respected that the clinical application of SJB can help the treatment of obesity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.579-590
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Ephedra sinica pharmacopuncture on the weight and lipid metabolism of obese mice.Methods: Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by a 60% fat diet. The animals were divided into three groups (n=5) fed a normal diet, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet with Ephedra sinica pharmacopuncture. After 13 wk, fasting blood sugar levels were measured in each group, and oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted. After 15 wk, body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, subcutaneous fat pad weight, and serum lipid and gene expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), perilipin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ were measured in each group.Results: In the Ephedra group, body weight, fasting blood sugar, and oral glucose tolerance were significantly decreased. In addition, in the Ephedra group, the gene expression of HSL was significantly increased, whereas that of perilipin was significantly decreased.Conclusions: These results provide evidence that E. sinicapharmacopuncture affects obesity and obesity-induced metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, by activating lipolysis via the HSL pathway in adipose tissue.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.279-293
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The steamed ginger has been shown to have antioxidative effects and a protective effect against obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of steamed ginger (SGE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: The protective effects of SGE on adipogenesis were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring lipid accumulations and genes involved in adipogenesis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND, 10% fat w/w), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat w/w), and HFD supplemented with either 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg of SGE for 12 weeks. Serum chemistry was measured, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was determined in the adipose tissue. Histological analysis and micro-computed tomography were performed to identify lipid accumulations in epididymal fat pads. RESULTS: In 3T3-L1 cells, SGE significantly decreased lipid accumulation, with concomitant decreases in the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. SGE significantly attenuated the increase in body, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue weights by HFD. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in SGE fed groups compared to HFD. In adipose tissue, SGE significantly decreased adipocyte size than that of HFD and altered adipogenesis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, steamed ginger exerted anti-obesity effects by regulating genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cell and epididymal adipose tissue of DIO mice.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Silbi-san on the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibition and to analyze the anti-obesity effect by analyzing the changes in serum lipid composition in obese mice. Methods We compared contents of phytochemicals like total polyphenols and total flavonoid and antioxidant activities such as 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity. After Silbi-san in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and mouse adipose tissue ex vivo, we quantified intracellular triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis. Moreover, the anti-obesity activity though inhibiting pancreatic lipase were analyzed. In 3T3-L1 cells, morphological changes showed that control cells had many lipid while cells treated with Silbi-san had less lipid accumulation. 30% EtOH Silbi-san treatment also suppressed the fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase and led to high lipolysis through promoting glycerol release. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal group fed normal feed, Control group fed 60% high fat diet (HFD) and distilled water, drug group fed 60% high fat diet and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san water extract, drug group fed 60% HFD and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san 30% ethanol extract. Results Serum total cholesterol content and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content were significantly decreased in the Silbi-san extract group compared to the control group, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol content was significantly increased in Silbi-san extract group. Conclusions In this study, the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibitory effects of Silbi-san were confirmed.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-23
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was investigated the improvement effects of Pakistani Ephedra herba-containing Gangji-hwan-1, 2, 3 (Di-fatty; DF-1, 2, 3), Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan-4 (DF-4) and combination of DF-1 and Gamisoche-hwan (GSH) on obesity in a high fat diet-fed obese mouse model. Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into seven groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and DF-1, 2, 3, 4, and DF-1+GSH groups given a high fat diet with DF-1, 2, 3, 4 (40, 80, 160, 80 mg/kg), and DF-1+ GSH (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio (FER), blood lipid markers, liver histology, and fat weight and histology were examined. Results: Body weight gain was significantly decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF-1+GSH group. FER and circulating concentration of leptin were decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. Circulating concentrations of triglyceride, glucose and insulin were decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. The size of adipocytes were decreased by DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was increased by them, suggesting that DF and DF-1+GSH groups decreased the number of large adipocytes. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that DF and DF-1+GSH groups decrease FER, plasma leptin concentration, blood anti-obesity biomarkers and fat mass, improves body weight gain. In addition, these effects were more effective in DF-1+GSH combination group than in DF-1, 2, 3, 4 groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2018

본 연구는 LUT이 고지방식이로 비만이 유도된 C57BL/6 마우스의 대장암 발생에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실험동물을 각 10마리씩 정상식이 (ND)군, 고지방식이 (HFD)군, HFD + 0.0025% LUT 보충 (HFD LL)군, 그리고 HFD + 0.005% LUT 보충 (HFD HL)군의 4군으로 분류하였다. 각 실험군은 AOM을 1회 복강 주사하고 AOM 투여 1주일 후 총 3 cycle의 1 ~ 2% 농도의 DSS를 음용수로 공급하여 대장암을 유발하였다. 실험식이는 AOM 발암시점부터 총 11주간 급여하였다. 연구결과, 군간 식이섭취량의 차이는 없었으나 HFD 급여군에서 체중과 식이효율의 유의적인 증가가 나타났으며 HFD군과 비교했을 때 LUT 보충에 따른 체중의 변화는 없었다. 그러나 LUT 보충은 ND군에 비해 HFD군에서 나타난 대장 무게/길이 비, 대장종양 수, 혈장 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 농도, 대장 iNOS와 COX-2 발현을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며 그 효과는 HFD HL군이 HFD LL군보다 높았다. 이러한 결과는 체중조절과는 별개로 LUT이 고지방식이에 의한 대장의 염증반응 억제를 통하여 비만과 연관된 대장암 발생을 억제할 수 있음을 제시하며 향후 비만에 의한 인슐린 저항성 및 adipokine 분비, 그리고 장내 균총 변화에 따른 대장 점막세포 증식과 대장암 발생에 LUT이 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구를 더 깊이 있게 수행한다면 비만으로 인한 대장암 발생에 LUT이 효과적인 화학적 예방 (chemoprevention)제로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated whether Gelidium amansii extract (GAE) ameliorates obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The mice were maintained on a high-fat diet (HD) for 5 weeks to generate the DIO mouse model. And then mice fed HD plus 0.5% (GAE1), 1% (GAE2) or 2% (GAE3) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: After the experimental period, GAE-supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HD group in body weight gain and liver weight. GAE supplemented groups were significantly lower than the HD group in both epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue mass. The plasma leptin level was significantly higher in the HD group than in GAE-supplemented groups. The leptin level of HD+GAE3 group was significantly lower than that of the HD+conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) group. In contrast, plasma adiponectin level of the HD group was significantly lower than those of HD+GAE2 and HD+GAE3 groups. The expression levels of adipogenic proteins such as fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ in the GAE supplemented groups were significantly decreased than those in HD group, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of HD+GAE2 and HD+GAE3 groups are significantly decreased compared to those of HD+CLA group. On the contrary, the expression levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, proteins associated with lipolysis, were significantly increased in the GAE supplemented groups compared to those in the HD group. HD+GAE3 group showed the highest level among the GAE supplemented groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that GAE supplementation stimulated the expressions of lipid metabolic factors and reduced weight gain in HD-fed C57BL/6J obese mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we observed the effect of ethanol extract of Allium fistulosum (EAF) on NAFLD and have suggested the possibility of using EAF as a natural product for application in the development of a treatment for NAFLD. MATERIALS/METHODS: The preventive effect on hepatic lipid accumulation was estimated by using an oleic acid (OA)-induced NAFLD model in vitro and a Western diet (high-fat high-sucrose; WD)-induced obese mouse model. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 7): normal diet group (ND), WD group, and WD plus 1% EAF group. RESULTS: EAF reduced OA-stimulated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells in the absence of cellular cytotoxicity and significantly blocked transcriptional activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase genes. Subsequently, we investigated these effects in vivo in mice fed either ND or WD in the presence or absence of EAF supplementation. In comparison to the ND controls, the WD-fed mice exhibited increases in body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat weight, and accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, and these effects were significantly attenuated by EAF supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Allium fistulosum attenuates the development of NAFLD, and EAF elicits anti-lipogenic activity in liver. Therefore, EAF represents a promising candidate for use in the development of novel therapeutic drugs or drug combinations for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.384-395
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel formulation of an herbal extracts has an inhibitory effect on obesity. To determine its anti-obesity effects, we performed anti-obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of herbal extracts using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The effects of each herbal extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using Oil Red O staining. Results showed that treatment with each herbal extracts at $10{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml$ had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evidence of toxicity, herbal extracts treatment decreased lipid accumulation compared with the untreated adipocytes controls as shown by the lower absorbance of Oil Red O stain. Futhermore, compared with control-differentiated mature adipocytes, each herbal extracts significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the HFD-fed obese mice, body weight, liver weight and white adipose tissue weights were significantly reduced by mixture of herbal extracts administration in mouse skin. Futhermore, we found that mixture of herbal extracts administration suppressed serum triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TCHO) in HFD-induced obese mouse model. The mixture of herbal extracts of permeability was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value in pig skin. The optimized formulations of herbal extracts (Test 3 formulation) showed skin permeation. However, test 1 formulation containing essential oil as enhancer showed maximum skin permeation. After confirming the enhanced skin permeability, in vivo studies were performed to assess whether skin irritation potential on the basis of a primary irritation index (PII) in rabbit skin. Reactions were scored for erythema/edema reactions at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-application. It was concluded that the test 1 formulation was not irritation (PII = 0). The present study suggests that the test 1 formulation might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.69-69
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• 2023

Safflower seeds, classified as a member of the Asteraceae family, a dicotyledonous plant, contain linoleic acid as a major component, known for its pharmacological effect of strengthening bones. Additionally, safflower seeds have been reported to have pharmacological effects on vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of safflower seed extract by examining its impact on adipocyte differentiation using Oil Red O staining, triglyceride quantification, and GPDH activity measurement. The results showed that safflower seed extract significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, we confirmed that safflower seed extract improved body weight, liver weight, adipose tissue size, glucose, and triglyceride levels in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model. These findings suggest that safflower seed extract exhibits potent anti-obesity activity both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential to be developed as a material for future anti-obesity therapies.