• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.41-60
• /
• 2024

The number of elderly in care facilities is increasing in parallel with a rapid increase in the elderly population in Korea. We analyzed the meal satisfaction ratings, food preferences, and nutritional intakes of 74 patients aged ≥65 years living in a nursing hospital in Daegu. Food preferences were high for cooked rice, rice gruel, meat soup, soybean paste stew, beef, frozen pollack, squid, egg, spinach, sea mustard, cabbage kimchi, apple, peanut, drinking yogurt, pickled perilla leaves, and salted squid. Preferences for duck (P<0.01) and vegetable (P<0.01) cooking method were significantly different for men and women, and preference for soybean paste stew increased with age (P<0.05). Regarding nutrient intakes, men had higher energy (P<0.01), carbohydrates (P<0.05), and zinc (P<0.05) intakes than women, while women had higher vitamin C (P<0.05) intake than men. Furthermore, energy (P<0.001), carbohydrates (P<0.001), protein (P<0.05), dietary fiber (P<0.01), vitamin B₆ (P<0.01), phosphorus (P<0.05), and zinc (P<0.001) intakes significantly decreased with age. Men had a significantly higher nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) for carbohydrates (P<0.05) and cal- cium (P<0.01) than women, while women had a significantly higher NARs for protein (P<0.05), vitamin A (P<0.01), vitamin C (P<0.05), thiamine (P<0.01), riboflavin (P<0.001), iron (P<0.001), and zinc (P<0.01). Mean adequacy ratios were 0.69 for men and 0.75 for women. In particular, NARs for carbohydrates (P<0.01), vitamin B₆ (P<0.01), and calcium (P<0.05) decreased significantly with age. In summary, the study shows that supplementing vitamin C, vitamin B₆, calcium, and iron, reducing sodium, and providing meals that reflect preferences will improve the nutritional statuses of elderly residents in a nursing hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.8
• /
• pp.1042-1049
• /
• 2009

It has been reported that trans fat (tFA) may have adverse or beneficial effect depending upon the position and number of double bonds. The presence of tFA in human tissues and fluids is related to dietary intake, intestinal absorption, metabolism and storage, exchanges among compartments. This study investigated the effect of breads containing tFA, soybean or rice on postprandial plasma fatty acid and lipid composition. 33 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups and fed soybean bread, rice bread or wheat bread groups containing equivalent amounts of tFA (elaidic acid rich, 3.75 g/day), respectively. Postprandial lipid profiles at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after a respective meal were studied. Plasma fatty acid was extracted by the method of Folch and methyl ester of fatty and prepared by acid transmethylation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. Peaks were identified using pure reference compounds and quantified. Postprandial data indicated that consumption of soybean and rice breads with 3.75 g tFA retarded the appearance of C18:1 and C18:2 tFA in plasma lipid compared to that of wheat bread. Futhermore, soybean and rice bread groups showed lower plasma saturated fatty acid levels than wheat bread group. Postprandial TG level was significantly lowered in soybean bread group compared to that of rice and wheat bread groups. These results imply that soybean bread with high dietary fiber content and biologically active substances may inhibit or delay lipid absorption.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2000

To study the effect of prosomillet (Panicum milaceum) on lipid metabolism, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190$\pm$8g were fed six experimental diets for four weeks. The six diets based on AIN-76 composition consisted of one cholesterol-free(normal) and five 1%(w/w) cholesterol diets, i.e. control, two diets containing additional 0.3 and 0.6%(w/w) methanol extracts of prosomillet and another two diets containing 15 and 30% (w/w) prosomillet powder. There was no difference in weight gains between the groups but relative liver weights increased under the cholestrol diets. Plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride(TG) decreased by 23-27% and by 37-52%, respectively, in the four prosomillet diet groups compared to those of the normal and control groups. Whereas in the liver, only TG levels decreased in the prosomillet diet groups. Fecal excretions of bile acid and cholesterol significantly with methanol extracts of prosomillet. There was a significant increase in the activity of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase when feeding 1% cholesterol but prosomillet in the diet, either as in the form of powder or methanol extract, appeared to have only slight additional effects, namely increases in enzyme activity. The activity of liver cytosolic glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) tended to be reduced with high cholesterol diets and dropped markedly by 15% using additional prosomillet powder. Those of the liver cytoxolic malic enzyme had a similar tendency to those of G6PDH. The results indicate that certain active components in prosmillet other than fiber have the potential to exert hypolipidemic effects via regulating cholesterol excretions and lipogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.1207-1214
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this study were to determine the estimated dietary fiber (DF) intakes per capita/day of Korean as of 2001 by age groups and sex, and to analyze the major food sources of DF using the data on per capita consumption of each food reported in the 2001 Reports of Korean National Nutrition Survey and the newly-established DF database. The mean daily intakes of DF of Korean increased with increasing age until 49 years and thereafter decreased with aging. The intakes of DF/1,000 kcal increased with increasing age until 64 years and thereafter decreased with aging. On the average, the Korean people under age of 49 did not meet adequate intake (AI) of DF (12 g/1,000 kcal) in Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for the Koreans. The male people less satisfied the AI than the female did. The major food groups contributed to DF intakes of Korean adults were high in the order of vegetables, cereals, fruits, seasonings, legumes and seaweeds. Regardless of age and sex, vegetables, cereals and fruits were three major sources of DF for Koreans who obtained approximately 75% of DF from those sources. It has been shown that rice was the first single food source of DF intake for the age groups less than 12 years, however Kimchi was the first major source for all the age groups over 12 years. The infant and elderly groups obtained more DF from 10 major single food sources than the other age groups did. The results of the study revealed that the present levels of DF intakes of Korean in all age groups except the elderly group are insufficient to meet the AI for DF. Therefore the beneficial effects of DF on health and the increased consumption of DF from the variety of food sources should be emphasized through the continuous nutritional education.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.678-683
• /
• 2004

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of exogenous enzymes (cellulases and proteases), yeast culture and effective micro-organism (EM) culture on feed digestibility and the performance of rabbits fed rice bran rich diets over a period of ten weeks. Twenty four, 8 to 9 weeks old male and female New Zealand White rabbits were allotted to 4 dietary treatments; a basal (control) feed containing 43% rice bran, basal feed supplemented with either enzymes, yeast culture or EM. Individual feed intake, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and feed cost were studied. Sex of the rabbits had no significant (p<0.05) influence on the parameters studied. The control group showed the lowest daily feed intake (104.8 g), body weight gain (12.8 g) and the highest feed/gain ratio (8.20 g/g). The highest daily feed intake (114.3 g), body weight gain (20.42 g) and the lowest feed/gain ratio (5.60) were observed with enzymes. Compared to the control, yeast significantly (p<0.05) improved the feed intake, body weight gain and feed/gain ratio by 4.9, 34.4 and 22.0%, respectively, while EM improved (p<0.05) them by 4.0, 32.6 and 21.6%, respectively. All the additives improved (p<0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and energy by 4.9-8.7, 3.6-10.7, 5.9-8.3 and 4.3-6.4%, respectively. Higher weights of pancreas (by 38.5-56.4%) and caecum (by 13.1-26.8%, compared to the control) were recorded with all additives but liver weight was increased only by yeast (24.5%) and enzymes (26.7%). Significantly (p<0.05) higher carcass recovery percentages were observed with enzymes (60.55), yeast (60.47) and EM (56.60) as compared to the control (48.52). Enzymes, yeast and EM reduced (p<0.05) the feed cost per kg live weight by 23.8, 15.9 and 15.5%, respectively. Results revealed that enzymes, yeast culture and EM can be used to improve the feeding value of agro-industrial by-products for rabbits in Sri Lanka and thereby to reduce the feed cost. Under the present feeding system, enzyme supplement was the best.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2016

We investigated the physicochemical properties and starch structure of various rice varieties including 15 colored cultivars. NKHC showed the highest level of protein, lipid, and total dietary fiber levels. Reddish brown rice showed higher lipid content than that in black rice cultivars. Apparent amylose content of waxy and non-waxy colored rice varieties was within the range of 3~5% and 15~18%, respectively. IP exhibited the highest total starch (TS) content, whereas, NKHC and HJJ showed lower TS content than that in other cultivars. Pasting temperature of all colored rice cultivars, except IP, was about $68^{\circ}C$. Peak viscosity of IP, JJJ, Hong, and GGHM showed high values of 138, 130, 128, and 124, respectively. All the colored rice cultivars presented A-type X-ray diffraction pattern and polygonal shapes of starch granules were observed using scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Major groups of amylopectin chain lengths were B (12 < DP ${\leq}$ 24) and A (DP ${\leq}$ 12). SMHC showed the highest B chain content and the lowest A chain content (P < 0.05). These experimental results provided useful information for scientists and the food industry regarding colored rice starches.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the recognition and uses of Codonopsis lanceolata. A survey methodology was employed consisted of 37.8% males and 62.2% females from the Seoul and Kyunggido area. The main results are as follows: The majority of respondents 60.7% males and 74.1% females indicated a preference for Korean food across all generational age classes. The specific preference for codonopsis lanceolata was indicated by the majority of males individuals in the forty to age group and by the teenage to thirty age bracket. The most popular reason provided for the preference of codonopsis lanceolata was good health benefits. People indicating a dislike for codonopsis lanceolata had little previous experience of eating this plant. Codonopsis lanceolata also appeared in 7.9% males and 9.0% females of small food transactions with 37.0% males and 36.6% females of respondents indicating supermarkets and traditional markets as their preferred shopping locations. In relation to cooking methods roasting was nominated by 36.0% males and 49.3% females of respondents. Codonopsis lanceolata was acknowledged as having the following characteristics "prevention of adult disease", "low calorie the diet food", and "high dietary fiber", but was not associated with "good flavor" and "established cooking method", "good health benefits from saponin", and "good for alexipharmic and expectorant". Recognition and eating experience was low for codonopsis lanceolata kimchi and Kimchi, rice bread, bread and sauce added with codonopsis lanceolata. However the opinion of taste appeared highly among respondents, especially in the twenties and teenage age groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.825-834
• /
• 2005

Two experiments were conducted with growing crossbred Super-Meat ducks at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to evaluate the effects of reducing the proportion of soybean meal (SBM) in a broken rice (BR)-SBM mixture and providing soya waste (SW) ad libitum (Expt. 1), and reducing the proportion of fish meal (FM) in a BR-FM mixture and supplying ensiled shrimp waste (ESW) ad libitum (Expt.2). Both experiments included five treatments, with three replicates and ten growing ducks per replicate. In Expt.1, the five diets were based on BR and five levels of SBM, with SW offered ad libitum. The control diet (SBM25) consisted of 75% BR and 25% SBM, and the other four treatments included SBM levels of 20% (SBM20), 14% (SBM14), 8% (SBM8) and 0% (SBM0) mixed with BR to 100%, and with SW ad libitum. In Expt. 2, the control diet consisted of 86% BR and 14% FM, and the other dietary treatments had FM levels of 11% (FM11), 8% (FM8), 4% (FM4) and 0% (FM0) mixed with BR, and with ESW ad libitum. In Expt. 1, total intakes of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) were higher for birds given SW (p<0.001). Total CP intake was highest on the SBM20 diet, and lowest on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Lower daily gain (DG) was found for the SBM0 diet (p<0.01). Carcass weights were higher on the control treatment, with the lowest values on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Gizzard weights were higher on diets with high intakes of SW (p<0.05). In Expt. 2, birds with high intakes of ESW (FM4 and FM0) had lower (p<0.01) daily intakes of DM. The total CP intakes declined (p<0.001) with higher intakes of ESW. The highest DG were for the control and FM11 diets, while the lowest value was for diet FM0 (p<0.001). The poorest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was for the FM0 treatment (p<0.01). Lower weights of carcass and breast muscle were found on the FM0 diet (p<0.001). Feed costs per kg gain were only slightly different between diets. However, the lowest feed cost was for ducks on the SBM0 and FM11 diets in Expt.1 and Expt. 2, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.386-399
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study examined whether the supply of healthy Korean diets for 12 weeks is effective in improving the risk factors related to serum GGT and cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Methods: This study selected 41 patients, who were treated with hypertension and diabetes. The Korean diet was composed of cooked-rice, soup, kimchi, and various banchan with one serving called bapsang, which emphasize proportionally high consumption of vegetables and fermented foods, moderate to high consumption of legumes and fish, and low consumption of animal foods. The control group was instead instructed to "eat and exercise as usual" while following the Korean Diabetes Association's dietary guidelines with an intake that can assist in glycemic control, maintain adequate weight, and meet the nutritional requirements. The Korean diet group (21 patients) were served three healthy Korean meals a day for 12 weeks, and the control group (20 patients, who trained in the diet guideline of diabetes) maintained their usual diabetic diet. The serum GGT, blood pressure, heart rate, glycemic control data, cardiovascular risk indicators, and changes in diet measured at the four visits (week 0, 4, 8, and 12) during the course of 12 weeks were compared and evaluated. Results: The serum GGT (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.004), heart rate (p = 0.007), weight (p = 0.002), Body Mass Index (p = 0.002), body fat mass (p < 0.001), body fat (%) (p < 0.001), and free fatty acid (p = 0.007) in the Korean diet group decreased significantly after the dietary intervention compared to the control group. The amount of intake of rice, whole grains, green vegetables, Kimchi, and soybean fermented food were increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The Korean diet group showed significant decreases (p < 0.001) in the intake of animal protein, lipid, and cholesterol derived from animal foods compared to the control group but significant increases (p < 0.001) in the intake of total calories, folic acid, dietary fiber, sodium, potassium, and vitamins A, E, and C. Conclusion: In patients with hypertension and diabetes, it was confirmed that regular eating of a healthy Korean diet helps improve the risk factors for GGT and cardiovascular diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate nutritional composition and physicochemical properties of waxy(WGR) and nonwaxy(NWGR) germinated brown rice. Amylose contents of WGR(moisture content 15.45 %) and NWGR (moisture content 15.02%) were 4.9% and 17.9%. Reducing sugar of those were 4.91% and 2.28%. The free sugar contents of WGR were glucose 0.42%, sucrose 0.15%, maltose 0.27% and that of NWGR were glucose 0.59%, sucrose 0.50%, maltose 0.24%, respectively. Color value of WGR and NWGR were L=60.30, a=2.12, b=23.52 and L=59.51, a=3.15, b=23.04, respectively. Degree of gelatinization of WGR and NWGR were 7.67%, 5.21% and hardness of WGR and NWGR were 7.53 kg$\_$f//$\textrm{cm}^2$, 8.93 kg$\_$f//$\textrm{cm}^2$. Vitamin E contents of those were 271.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 310.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg and total dietary fiber contents of those were 4.21%, 3.17%. Total amino acids of brown rice, nonwaxy germinated brown rice and cooked germinated brown rice were 126.8 mg/l00 g, 90.8 mg/l00 g and 106.5 mg/l00 g, respectively. Among amylogram characteristics of WGR and NWGR, initial gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, setback were 42$^{\circ}C$, 498 B.U., 94 B.U., -48 B.D. and 70$^{\circ}C$, 212 B.D., 0 B.D., 123 B.D., respectively. Sensory properties of germinated brown rices were affected by color and flavor. Palatability score of WGR that intensity score of color and flavor were lower than that of NWGR showed high.