• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.716-728
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An imbalanced adipokine profile in obesity increases the susceptibility to obesity-related cardiometabolic alterations, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The mulberry plant has been reported to have health benefits, such as hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects. This study examined the effects of a mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit ethanol extract (MBEE) on dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and adipokine imbalance in response to a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 4 groups containing 6 rats each and fed either a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet with MBEE of 150 mg/kg/day (LMB) or 300 mg/kg/day (HMB). The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The plasma TG levels were similar in the 4 groups. Plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and TC/HDL-C ratio increased in the HFD group compared with the CON group, whereas those values decreased in the LMB group (P < 0.05), indicating that MBEE had a plasma lipid-lowering effect. HDL-C decreased in the HFD group, but MBEE did not affect the HDL-C level. The HFD rats significantly increased hepatic TG and cholesterol levels and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to the CON group. The hepatic TG level and ALT and AST activities were reduced markedly by the MBEE treatment. The HFD group showed a higher PAI-1 level, whereas MBEE treatment, especially in the HMB group, significantly reduced leptin level, and leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/ adiponectin ratios. These findings suggest that MBEE altered the imbalance between the pro-and anti-inflammatory adipokines to a more anti-inflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS: MBEE could protect against abnormal lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet, lowering plasma cholesterol, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C, and hepatic TG. These findings are associated with the regulating effect of MBEE on the leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/adiponectin ratios.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제39권8호
• /
• pp.733-741
• /
• 2006

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary calcium and soy isoflavone on body fat and lipid metabolism in high fat-induced obesity. Four week old female C57/BL6J mice, known as a good model of diet-induced obesity, were fed low Ca and high fat diet for 6 weeks. After induced obesity, mice were divided into six groups according to diets varying calcium contents (0.1 or 1.5%) and genistein contents (0 or 500 or 1,000 ppm). Body weight, fat pad (perirenal fat and parameterial fat), adipocyte size, serum total lipid and total cholesterol were significantly decreased by both high Ca intake and genistein supplementation. However, the effect of genistein supplementation showed in low Ca-fed groups. Serum LDL-cholesterol and TG were significantly decreased by high Ca intake and genistein supplementation, respectively. In liver, lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme) activity and TG were significantly decreased by both high Ca intake and genistein supplementation. This inhibitory effect of genistein on lipogenic enzymes showed in low Ca-fed groups. But liver total cholesterol and total lipid were significantly decreased by high Ca intake and genistein supplementation, respectively. Fecal excretion of total lipid, total cholesterol and TG were significantly increased by high Ca intake, not by genistein supplementation. In conclusion, high calcium intake and genistein supplement may be beneficial for suppression of obesity through direct anti-adipogenesis by decreasing fat weight and size and indirect anti-lipo-genesis by inhibiting lipogenic enzymes activity and improving lipid profile.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 1983

In an attempt to evaluate the diagnostic singnificance of the serum thyroglobulin (TG) in various thyroid disease states, authors measured serum TG by radioimmunoassay technique in 20 cases of normal subject, 22 cases of hyperthyroidism, 12 cases of diffuse nontoxic goiter (DNG) and 96 cases of nodular nontoxic goiter(NNG). The results were as follows: 1. In 20 cases of normal subjects, serum TG level was $20.41{\pm}5.5ng/ml(M{\pm}S.D.)$. There was no significant difference between males ans females. 2. In 22 cases of hyperthyroidism, serum TG level was $60.23{\pm}34.56ng/ml$ and the range was from 22 to 175 ng/ml, which were significantly high levels comparing with normal controls (p<0.01). 3. In 12 cases of euthyroidism with DNG, serum TG was $37.28{\pm}27.36ng/ml$ and the range was from 14 to 89 ng/ml. In 96 cases of euthyroidism with NNG, serum TG was $70.43{\pm}78.18ng/ml$ and the range was from 12.8 to 440 ng/ml. Both groups showed significantly increased levels of TG than normal control (p<0.01). 4. 57 cases of NNG patients were analysed pathologically by operation or needle biopsy and the TG level of each disease group is as follows. Thyroid carcinoma (16 cases); $72.2{\pm}81.71ng/ml$, adenomatous goiter without cystic degeneration (15 cases); $74.86{\pm}45.64ng/ml(M{\pm}S.D.)$ and adenomatous goiter with cystic degeneration(23 cases); $73.56{\pm}64.78ng/ml(M{\pm}S.D.)$. There was no significant difference between each group. Also the TG levels of thyroiditis (5 cases) was $19.6{\pm}8.96ng/ml(M{\pm}S.D.)$. 5. There were no significant correlations between serum thyroid hormones and serum TG in each thyroid functional states.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.701-707
• /
• 2013

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects of Bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 (B. animalis DY-64), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from the human intestine, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal (N) or high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet without or with oral administration of B. animalis DY-64 (N-BA, HFC-BA). The gain in body weight, and liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the HFC-BA group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels of the HFC group, which were significantly elevated compared to those of the N group, dropped by 19, 18, 21, and 13% in the HFC-BA group, respectively, whereas the serum HDL-cholesterol level markedly increased. However, serum TG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels were not significantly different among the N groups (N, N-BA) with or without B. animalis DY-64 administration. TC and TG levels of the liver as well as the TG level of the adipose tissue were significantly reduced in the HFC-BA group. In addition, HR-LPL activity in adipose tissue was also lower in the HFC-BA group than in the HFC group. These results suggest that B. animalis DY-64 isolated from the human intestine exerts hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels and plays a role in the prevention of obesity induced by HFC diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.371-377
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Elevation of postprandial lipemia characterized by a rise in triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins can increase the risk of atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate postprandial lipemia response to a single dietary fat/sugar load test and monitor beneficial changes induced by the consumption of Platycodi radix (AP) beverage in healthy subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 52 subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo or AP beverage group with a high-fat shake in a randomized controlled crossover trial. Postprandial blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h and analyzed for TG and lipoprotein lipase mass. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase was determined in vitro. RESULTS: AP inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro ($IC_{50}=5mg/mL$). Compared to placebo beverage, AP beverage consumption with a high-fat shake induced significant increase of plasma lipoprotein lipase mass (P = 0.0111, ${\beta}$ estimate = 4.2948) with significant reduction in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) TG concentration (P = 0.038, ${\beta}$ estimate = -52.69) at 6 h. Based on significant correlation between high-fat dietary scores MEDFICTS and postprandial TG responses in VLDL (P = 0.0395, r = 0.2127), subgroup analysis revealed that 6 h-postprandial VLDL TG response was significantly decreased by AP consumption in subjects with MEDFICTS ${\geq}40$ (P = 0.0291, ${\beta}$ estimate = -7214). CONCLUSIONS: AP beverage might have potential to alleviate postprandial lipemia through inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity and elevating lipoprotein lipase mass. Subgroup analysis revealed that subjects with high-fat dietary pattern could be classified as responders to AP beverage among all subjects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.1115-1118
• /
• 2016

Background: There is controversy about ablation efficacy of low or high doses of radioiodine-131 (RAI) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). The purpose of this prospective study was to determine efficacy of 30 mCi and 100 mCi of RAI to achieve successful ablation in patients with low to intermediate risk DTC. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted from April 2013 to November 2015. Inclusion criteria were patients of either gender, 18 years or older, having low to intermediate risk papillary and follicular thyroid cancers with T1-3, N0/N1/Nx but no evidence of distant metastasis. Thirty-nine patients were administered 30 mCi of RAI while 61 patients were given 100 mCi. Informed consent was acquired from all patients and counseling was done by nuclear physicians regarding benefits and possible side effects of RAI. After an average of 6 months (range 6-16 months; 2-3 weeks after thyroxin withdrawal), these patients were followed up for stimulated TSH, thyroglobulin (sTg) and thyroglobulin antibodies, ultrasound neck (U/S) and a diagnostic whole body iodine scan (WBIS) for ablation outcome. Successful ablation was concluded with stimulated Tg< 2ng/ml with negative antibodies, negative U/S and a negative diagnostic WBIS (triple negative criteria). ROC curve analysis was used to find diagnostic strength of baseline sTg to predict successful ablation. Results: Successful ablation based upon triple negative criteria was 56% in the low dose and 57% in the high dose group (non-significant difference). Based on a single criterion (follow-up sTg<2 ng/ml), values were 82% and 77% (again non-significant). The ROC curve revealed that a baseline sTg level ${\leq}7.4ng/ml$ had the highest diagnostic strength to predict successful ablation in all patients. Conclusions: We conclude that 30 mCi of RAI has similar ablation success to 100 mCi dose in patients with low to intermediate risk DTC. A baseline $sTg{\leq}7.4ng/ml$ is a strong predictor of successful ablation in all patients. Low dose RAI is safer, more cost effective and more convenient for patients and healthcare providers.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis의 영양강화와 자어의 소화기능을 높이기 위해 소화효소 활성이 높은 rotifer의 선택방법을 제시하는 것이다. 소화효소 활성을 측정하는 개체군은 성장과정에 있는 개체군들 중 임의로 표본 수집하여 소화효소활성을 측정하여 결정하였다. 선택된 개체군에서 개체밀도와 성장률의 관계가 RD=5865 SGR-350.08(P<0.001)로 나타났다. 포란률은 성장률과 개체밀도와의 관계가 각각 F=-36.147 SGR+61.652(P<0.05)와 F=-0.0085 RD+66.38(P<0.001)로 나타났다. 성장률과 소화효소 활성의 rotifer 개체당 활성은 Amyl=-1.6482 SGR+3.2498(P<0.05), TAP=-0.8115 SGR+1.1361(P<0.001) 및 TGL+0.0055 SGR+0.0079(P=0.239)로 나타나 TG-lipase 활성에서는 성장률과 관계없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 포란률과 rotifer 개체당 소화효소 활성의 관계는 Amyl=0.0296 F+1.0981(P<0.001). TAP=0.0252 F+0.0975(P<0.001) 및 TGL=-6E-06 F+0.0113(P=0.915)으로 나타나 TG-lipase 활성이 포란률과 관계없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 TG-lipase의 단백질 비활성과 포란률, 성장률 및 개체밀도와의 관계는 각각 TGL=-0.0024 F0.2332(P=0.132), TGL=0.1267 SGR+0.005(P<0.01) 및 TGL=0.0002 F-0.0594(P<0.001)로 나타나 TG-lipase 단백질 비활성은 포란률과의 관계를 제외하고 각각 상관된 변화를 보였다. 따라서 rotifer의 영양강화효과와 자어에게 외부기인 소화효소 전달을 위한 높은 소화효소 활성을 보이는 rotifer 개체군이 개체밀도가 높은 개체군보다는 포란률이 높은 경우에 나타났기 때문에 포란률이 높은 개체군을 선택하여 영양강화하고 자어에 공급하는 것이 보다 자어에 유익할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of VFA composition of rumen fluid and heat exposure (30${\pm}$2$^{\circ}C$) on the general clinical view and insulin secretory response to glucose in sheep. The total infusion of nutrients was examined in sheep via the technique of continuous alimentation. Four adult Suffolk sheep fitted with a permanent ruminal cannula and a simple T-shaped duodenal cannula were used. A peristaltic pump was used to infuse the solutions of volatile fatty acid triglycerides (VFA-TG) consisting of 70 triacetin : 20 tripropionin : 10 tributyrin (low propionin division: LP) and 50 triacetin : 40 tripropionin : 10 tributyrin (high propionin division: HP) on the basis of energy and minerals into the rumen, and casein solution into the duodenum. The effects of heat exposure and type of the levels of VFA-TG solutions on the insulin secretory response to glucose in sheep were investigated by using hyperglycemic clamp (HGC) technique. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. During the heat exposure (latter half of the infusion period), respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature increased (P＜0.01, P＜0.01, P＜0.05), but the levels of VFA-TG solutions (LP and HP division) did not affect the general clinical view except for the heart rate. 2. In the HGC technique, glucose infusion rate (GIR) and mean plasma insulin increments (MPII) tended to be ower in the heat exposure than in the thermoneutral environment, but no significant difference was found among the treatments. GIR and MPII remained unchanged between the levels of VFA-TG solutions. 3. In the HGC technique, ratio of MPII to GIR (MPII/GIR) which represents pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell response to glucose stimulation remained unchanged among the treatments.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제36권8호
• /
• pp.1352-1358
• /
• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of a 12-week brisk walking program on triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and to compare these effects to those of a brisk walking plus diet program in middle-aged overweight/obese ($BMI{\geq}23$) Korean women with hypertriglyceridemia. Method. This analysis was done with nineteen middle-aged overweight/obese Korean women who completed either the brisk walking program (9 women) or the brisk walking plus diet program (10 women) for 12 weeks. The brisk walking consisted of walking for 20 to 50 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 3 to 6 days/week. The diet consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling every week. TG and Apo B were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results. TG and Apo B decreased significantly after the brisk walking program (Z = -2.31, p = 0.021; Z = -2.59, p = 0.009). TG and Apo B lowering effects of the brisk walking program were not significantly different from those of the brisk walking plus diet program (U = 37.0, P = 0.549; U = 42.0, P = 0.842). Conclusion. Brisk walking can be an effective intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged women with hypertriglyceridemia in reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering TG and Apo B levels. Adding diet to brisk walking may have no additional significant effects on changes in TG and Apo B.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.516-520
• /
• 2021

주조공정에서 사형 제작 시 사용된 바인더는 고온의 용탕에 의해 다양한 가스를 발생시키며 이러한 가스는 가스결함을 유발하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 주물사와 바인더가 혼합된 주형 블럭을 활용하여 발생 가스부피를 산출하는 방법과 달리 액상 바인더, 고상 바인더, 주물사 등 사형을 구성하는 구성 요소별로 각각 시편을 만들고 열중량 분석기 (Thermo Gravimetry )와 질량분석기 (Mass Spectrometer)를 활용하여 온도에 따른 중량감소, 가스발생 성분을 측정하고 가스발생량을 분석하였다. 액상 바인더와 고상화 바인더의 TG결과로부터 촉매제에 의한 탈수량을 산정하였고 발생 가스성분이 서로 다름을 분석하였다. 또한 TG와 MS 결과를 상호 분석하여 각 가스성분별 발생량을 간접적으로 정량화 하였다. 이를 활용하면 추후 주조공정해석에서 가스발생량을 정량적으로 예측하는데 사용할 수 있다.