• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.344-358
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• 2011

Wireless tactical network (WTN) is the most important present-day technology enabling modern network centric warfare. It inherits many features from WMNs, since the WTN is based on existing wireless mesh networks (WMNs). However, it also has distinctive characteristics, such as hierarchical structures and tight QoS (Quality-of-Service) requirements. Little research has been conducted on hierarchical protocols to support various QoS in WMN. We require new protocols specifically optimized for WTNs. Control packets are generally required to find paths and reserve resources for QoS requirements, so data throughput is not degraded due to overhead. The fundamental solution is to adopt topology aggregation, in which a low tier node aggregates and simplifies the topology information and delivers it to a high tier node. The overhead from control packet exchange can be reduced greatly due to decreased information size. Although topology aggregation is effective for low overhead, it also causes the inaccuracy of topology information; thus, incurring low QoS support capability. Therefore, we need a new topology aggregation algorithm to achieve high accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new aggregation algorithm based on star topology. Noting the hierarchical characteristics in military and hierarchical networks, star topology aggregation can be used effectively. Our algorithm uses a limited number of bypasses to increase the exactness of the star topology aggregation. It adjusts topology parameters whenever it adds a bypass. Consequently, the result is highly accurate and has low computational complexity.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.648-657
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• 2019

A cluster topology was proposed with the assumption of zero noise to improve the performance of wireless body area networks (WBANs). However, in WBANs, the transmission power should be reduced as low as possible to avoid the effect of electromagnetic waves on the human body and to extend the lifetime of a battery. Therefore, in this work, we consider a bit error rate for a cluster-based WBAN and analyze the performance of the system while the transmission of sensors and cluster headers (CHs) is controlled. Moreover, a hierarchical topology is proposed for the cluster-based WBAN to further improve the throughput of the system; this proposed system is called as the hierarchical cluster WBAN. The hierarchical cluster WBAN is combined with a transmission control scheme, that is, complete control, spatial reuse superframe, to increase the throughput. The proposed system is analyzed and evaluated based on several factors of the system model, such as signal-to-noise ratio, number of clusters, and number of sensors. The calculation result indicates that the proposed hierarchical cluster WBAN outperforms the cluster-based WBAN in all analyzed scenarios.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3468-3495
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• 2015

In this paper, we present a multi-chain based hierarchical topology control algorithm (MCHTC) for wireless sensor networks. In this algorithm, the topology control process using static clustering is divided into sensing layer that is composed by sensor nodes and multi-hop data forwarding layer that is composed by leader nodes. The communication cost and residual energy of nodes are considered to organize nodes into a chain in each cluster, and leader nodes form a tree topology. Leader nodes are elected based on the residual energy and distance between themselves and the base station. Analysis and simulation results show that MCHTC outperforms LEACH, PEGASIS and IEEPB in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption and network energy balance.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권7호
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• pp.905-916
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• 2004

자율구성 계층구조 에드혹 네트워크(Self-organizing hierarchical ad hoc network, SOHAN)는 편평구조 에드혹 네트워크의 확장성을 향상시키기 위해 설계된 새로운 형태, 즉, 액세스 포인트, 전달 노드, 이동 노드의 3 계층의 애드혹 노드로 구성된 네트워크 구조이다. 본 논문에서는 SOHAN의 자율구성을 위한 토폴로지 탐색과 라우팅 프로토콜을 소개한다. 또한 높은 전송 용량을 갖는 최적의 클러스터 기반 계층구조 토폴로지를 형성하기 위한 링크 품질 및 MAC 지연 시간 기반의 크로스레이어 설계방식의 경로 척도를 제안한다. 토폴로지 탐색 프로토콜은 2.5 계층에서 MAC 주소를 기반으로 동작하는 라우팅 프로토콜을 위한 기본적인 정보를 제공한다. 이 라우팅 프로토콜은 AODV 프로토콜을 기반으로 하며, 계층구조의 장점을 활용하기 위해 토폴로지 탐색 프로토콜과 상호 연동하도록 설계된다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 전송용량, 종단간 지연시간, 패킷 전달률, 제어 오버헤드 관점에서 SOHAN의 우수한 성능과 확장성을 보인다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제15권 제1호
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• pp.185-188
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• 2005

This paper suggests a control method for efficient topology/parameter evolution in a bond-graph-based GP design framework that automatically synthesizes designs for multi-domain, lumped parameter dynamic systems, We adopt a hierarchical breeding control mechanism with fitness-level-dependent differences to obtain better balancing of topology/parameter search - biased toward topological changes at low fitness levels, and toward parameter changes at high fitness levels. As a testbed for this approach, an eigenvalue assignment problem, which is to find bond graph models exhibiting minimal distance errors from target sets of eigenvalues, was tested and showed improved performance for various sets of eigenvalues.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3572-3593
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• 2015

This article investigates the topology control problem in the space information network (SIN) using a hierarchical autonomous system (AS) approach. We propose an AS network topology control (AS-TC) algorithm to minimize the time delay in the SIN. Compared with most existing approaches for SIN where either the purely centralized or the purely distributed control method is adopted, the proposed algorithm is a hybrid control method. In order to reduce the cost of control, the control message exchange is constrained among neighboring sub-AS networks. We prove that the proposed algorithm achieve logical k-connectivity on the condition that the original physical topology is k-connectivity. Simulation results validate the theoretic analysis and effectiveness of the AS-TC algorithm.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

This paper suggests a control method for an efficient topology/parameter evolution in a bond graph-based GP design framework that automatically synthesizes designs for multi-domain, lumped parameter dynamic systems. We adopt a hierarchical breeding control mechanism with fitness-level-dependent differences to obtain better balancing of topology/parameter search - biased toward topological changes at low fitness levels, and toward parameter changes at high fitness levels. As a testbed for this approach in bond graph synthesis, an eigenvalue assignment problem, which is to find bond graph models exhibiting minimal distance errors from target sets of eigenvalues, was tested and showed improved performance for various sets of eigenvalues.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권spc호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2003

This paper presents a multi-criteria decision model and Multi-Criteria Generic Algorithm(MCGA) approach to improve backbone topology by leveraging the Virtual Link(VL) system in an hierarchical Link-State(LS) routing domain. Given that the sound backbone topology structure has a great impact on the overall routing performance in an hierarchical LS domain, the importance of this research is evident. The proposed decision model is to find an optimal configuration of VLs that properly meets two-pronged engineering goals in installing and maintaining VLs: i.e., operational costs and network reliability. The experiment results clearly indicates that it is essential to the effective operations of hierarchical LS routing domain to consider not only engineering aspects but also specific benefits from systematical layout of VLs, thereby presenting the validity of the decision model and MCGA.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제18C권5호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 계층적 QoS 라우팅을 위해 소스 라우팅 방식을 채택하고 있는 전달망에서 적정 경로를 배정하기 위해 필요로 하는 망의 상태 정보를 효율적으로 집단화하는 방법을 제안한다. 이것은 비대칭망에서 집단화 할 링크의 QoS 파라미터가 두 개 이상일 때 기존 스타 집단화 방법이 갖는 집단화된 정보의 부정확성을 줄이기 위한 방법으로, 서비스경계라인을 논리 링크로 갖는 풀 메쉬 토폴로지를 스타 토폴로지로 변형한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 서비스경계라인의 3가지 속성인 분할, 조인 그리고 통합을 정의하며 이 속성들을 이용한 스타 토폴로지로의 변형과 풀 메쉬로의 복원 방법을 제시한다. 제안 방법은 기존 방법과 유사한 공간 복잡도와 시간 복잡도를 갖지만 집단화된 정보의 정확도와 질의 응답 정확도는 기존 방법보다 높다는 것을 실험을 통해 알 수 있었다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2008

차량 접근 경고 시스템(VAWS: Vehicle Approach Warning Systems)은 급커브 구간에 진입하는 차량에게 반대편 차선의 차량 진입 정보를 운전자에게 제공하여 사고 위험을 줄이는데 도움을 주기 위한 시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 VAWS를 위한 IEEE 802.15.4 기반 계층구조 센서 네트워크 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 네트워크 모델에서 토폴로지 제어 프로토콜은 네트워크의 생존시간을 지속시킬 수 있도록 자가 구성(self-organizing) 방식으로 트리 기반 토폴로지를 형성한다. 또한, 간단하면서도 효율적인 라우팅 프로토콜은 이 토폴로지를 기반으로 라우팅 테이블을 구성하고 센서 노드에서 생성된 데이터 패킷을 노변 경고 메시지 디스플레이와 연결되어 있는 베이스 스테이션까지 멀티홉 방식으로 전달한다. 이 프로토콜들은 기존의 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC계층에 포함된 확장 MAC 형태로 설계되며, 급커브 구간을 모델링한 시나리오에서의 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안하는 네트워크 모델이 에너지 효율 및 네트워크 처리량 면에서 높은 성능을 나타냄을 보인다.