• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the cultural competence of nurses caring for foreign patients in general hospitals. Methods: The subjects are 308 nurses who work in general hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data, collected using a structured questionnaire on cultural competence, coping strategy, multicultural experience, intercultural uncertainty, and intercultural anxiety, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Cultural competence was significantly associated with marital status, level of education, type of ward, and number of cared foreign patients. In hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the level of cultural competence was significantly associated with married, master degree qualified, high level of coping strategy and multicultural experience, and low level of cultural uncertainty. Conclusion: The findings revealed the need for educational programs which can contribute to lower the intercultural uncertainty and to enhance coping strategies dealing with foreign patients. In addition, individual and organization efforts to provide opportunities to expand nurses' multicultural experience will affect nurses' cultural competence development.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-62
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• 1994

Information systems for application areas like office automation, customer service or computer aided manufacturing are usually highly interactive and deal with complex document structures composed of multiple media formats. For the realization of these systems, nonstandard database systems, which we call document databases, need to handle different types of coarse-and fine-grained document objects(like full-text documents, graphics and images), hierarchical and non-hierarchical relationships between objects(like composition-links and cross-references using hypertext structures) and document attributes of different types such as formatting/presentation information and access control. In this paper, we present the underlying data model for document databases based on descriptive markup languages that provide mechanisms for specifying the logical structure(or schema) of individual documents stored in the database. We then describe extensions to the data model for supporting notion of composite structures("join" operators for documents) --composition and hyperlinking mechanisms for representing compound documents and inter-linked documents as unique entites separate from their components. Furthermore, due to the interactive nature of the application domains, the database system in conjunction with clients(or browsers) has to support visual navigation and graphical query mechanisms. We describe the functionality of a new user interface paradigm called HyBrow for meeting the above mentioned requirements. The underlying implementation strategy is also discussed.discussed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2419-2435
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• 2023

Command and control networks(C2N) exhibit evident multi-network interdependencies owing to their complex hierarchical associations, interleaved communication links, and dynamic network changes. However, the existing command and control networks do not consider the effects of dependent nodes on the load distribution. Thus, we proposed a command and control networks load allocation strategy based on interdependence strength. First, a new measure of interdependence strength was proposed based on the edge betweenness, which was followed by proposing the inter-layer load allocation strategy based on the interdependence strength. Eventually, the simulation experiments of the aforementioned strategy were designed to analyze the network invulnerability with different initial load capacity parameters, allocation model parameters, and allocation strategies. The simulation indicates that the strategy proposed in this study improved the node survival rate of the interdependent command and control networks model and successfully prevented cascade failures.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.900-910
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• 2014

Multi-view video is obtained by capturing one three-dimensional scene with many cameras at different positions. The computational complexity of multi view video coding increases in proportion to the number of cameras. To reduce computational complexity and maintain the image quality, improved prediction structure and motion estimation method is proposed in this paper. The proposed prediction structure exploits an average distance between the current picture and its reference pictures. The proposed prediction structure divides every GOP into several groups to decide the maximum index of hierarchical B layer and the number of pictures of each B layer. And the proposed motion estimation method uses a hierarchical search strategy. This strategy method consists of modified diamond search pattern, progressive diamond search pattern and modified raster search pattern. Experiment results show that the complexity reduction of the proposed prediction structure and motion estimation method over JMVC (Joint Multiview Video Coding) reference model using hierarchical B pictures of Fraunhofer-HHI and TZ search method can be up to 40~70% while maintaining similar video quality and bit rates.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.487-498
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• 2010

This study explored effects of social support and stress coping strategies on teachers' job stress in corporate-sponsored child care centers. Participants were 191 child care teachers from 19 corporate-sponsored child care centers. Data was analyzed using Pearson's productive correlation and hierarchical multiple regression tests. Important findings were as follows: First, the overload of task was the dominant factor in causing job stress. Secondly, social support correlated negatively with child care teachers' job stress. Thirdly, child care teachers' problem-focused coping strategy was also found to be related to their job stress. Finally, the effect of social support on child care teachers' job stress was partially mediated by their problem-focused coping strategy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2004

Recently, the change of shipping and port environment has required the new strategy from the liners, terminal operators, ports. The ports of call in the North American and European line also has changed as the Chinese ports made rapid advance. This seems to result from the fact that the trend of the container transportation by sea has developed the traditional concept, called port-to-port system that directly links between a port and another port into the network with complicated hierarchical structure reflecting costs, efficiency, and strategy of the Mega Carrier. This paper suggests the factors for Busan port to become the hub port of northeast Asia by analyzing the change of the liners' strategy along the change of the shipping and port environment, the global management of the operator of container port, and the amount of containers flowing in the northeast Asia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.88-95
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• 2003

A firm's business composition and the sales volume of each business segment are subject to change depending, to a considerable extent, on the firm's business strategy. These changes were weighted and represented as a single index, referred to by scholars in strategic management and industrial organization research fields as 'firm entropy' then its impact on firms' profitability was assessed over twelve years. The performance differences between contractor and non-contractor firms, as well as focused and diversified firms, were compared through a Longitudinal Data Analysis Technique within a Hierarchical Linear Modeling framework. Hypothesis was formulated based on firm diversification theories and previous research findings. The hypothesis was tested according to the modeling outcomes, and implications are presented. The research findings indicate that the level of firms' long-term profitability supports the argument that the construction industry is highly competitive and mature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.589-591
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• 2000

비디오 데이터가 포함하고 있는 카메라와 이동물체의 동작정보를 추출하기 위한 대표적인 방법으로 동작벡터 추출알고리즘이 있다. 본 논문에서는 영상 내에 밝기 값 분포가 균일한 영역이 존재할 때 부정확한 정합 결과를 보이는 것은 기존 알고리즘의 문제점과 이를 개선할 수 있는 계층적 블록정합 알고리즘의 정합오류 전파가능성, 높은 시간복잡도 문제를 동시에 해결할 수 있는 블록정합 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 Coarse-to-Fine 방식의 탐색방법과 Dynamic Control Strategy를 결합한 것으로서 정합한 블록의 상황에 따라 탐색 레이어를 동적으로 변경시키는 방법을 사용한다. 본 알고리즘은 크게 두단계로 나뉘어 지는데 탐색 레이어를 결정하는 Control 변경 결정 단계와 정합도 측정함수를 통해 블록에 대한 정합 정확도를 측정하는 단계로 구성이 된다.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

The increment of user at mobile communication system requires the need of increased system capacity. To increase the system capacity can be realized by decreasing the size of cell. But, this method causes various problems. Therefore, it be used the hierarchical cellular system with macrocell and microcell for a efficient working. The users feel more inconvenience about the drop of connected call than the block of new call. Therefore, it is to be desired that the dropping rate of handoff call is lowered. At this paper, we use non reversible hierarchical scheme and fixed channel assignment scheme at the hierarchical cellular system with macrocell and microcell for the call process strategy. We analyze the system performance in accordance with the number of guard channel for handoff.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.238-248
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• 2016

In this study, an automatic command mode transition strategy of direct power control (DPC) is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) medium-voltage (MV) offshore wind turbines (WTs). Benchmarking against the control methods are performed based on a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) back-to-back type voltage source converter (VSC). The ramping rate criterion of complex power is utilized to select the switching vector in DPC for a three-level NPC converter. With a grid command and an MPPT mode transition strategy, the proposed control method automatically controls the generated output power to satisfy a grid requirement from the hierarchical wind farm controller. The automatic command mode transition strategy of DPC is confirmed through PLECS simulations based on Matlab. The simulation result of the automatic mode transition strategy shows that the proposed control method of VOC and DPC achieves a much shorter transient time of generated output power than the conventional control methods of MPPT and VOC under a step response. The proposed control method helps provide a good dynamic performance for PMSGs MV offshore WTs, thereby generating high quality output power.