• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.210-217
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• 1998

Volatile flavor components of extracts produced from the domestic angelica root, which are oleoresin and absolutes type, for tobacco flavoring materials were isolated by solvent extraction method and were analyzed by GC and GC/MSD. And then volatile flavor components of oleoresin were compared with volatiles isolated from absolutes. A total of 65 components were identified in the angelica root extracts, from which 41 components were identified in the oleoresin volatiles, contained 15 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 6 acids, 10 esters and 2 miscellaneous components. The major components were hexadecanoic acid (7.79%), methyl palmitate (6.49%), ethyl palmitate (2.02 %) and sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene alcohols, such as elemol (2.92 %), ${\gamma}$-selinene (2.19%), $\beta$-selinene (2.02%), $\alpha$-eudesmol (3.49%) and $\beta$-eudesmol (6.12%). On the other hand, volatiles of absolutes, from which 60 components were identified, contained 28 hydrocarbons, 14 alcohols, 5 acids, 10 esters and 3 miscellaneous components. The major components were hyrocarbons, such as undecane (5.11 %), dodecane (3.10%) and pentadecane (1.14 %), and $\alpha$-muurolene (1.64 %), ${\gamma}$-selinene (1.49%), $\beta$-selinene (2.12 %), $\alpha$-eudesmol (2.25%), $\beta$-eudesmol (4.87%), hexadecanoic acid (12.67%) and hexanoic acid (1.87 %).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.934-950
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• 2024

This study addresses the prevalent issue of meat species authentication and adulteration through a chemometrics-based approach, crucial for upholding public health and ensuring a fair marketplace. Volatile compounds were extracted and analyzed using headspace-solid-phase-microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adulterated meat samples were effectively identified through principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Through variable importance in projection scores and a Random Forest test, 11 key compounds, including nonanal, octanal, hexadecanal, benzaldehyde, 1-octanol, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, and 2-acetylpyrrole for beef, and hexanal and 1-octen-3-ol for pork, were robustly identified as biomarkers. These compounds exhibited a discernible trend in adulterated samples based on adulteration ratios, evident in a heatmap. Notably, lipid degradation compounds strongly influenced meat discrimination. PCA and PLS-DA yielded significant sample separation, with the first two components capturing 80% and 72.1% of total variance, respectively. This technique could be a reliable method for detecting meat adulteration in cooked meat.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

원료 찹쌀의 도정도가 발효주에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 0% 도정찹쌀을 대조군으로 수율 기준으로 10, 20, 30% 도정한 찹쌀을 이용하여 발효주를 제조하여 이화학적 특성 및 휘발성 향기성분을 비교하였다. 원료 찹쌀의 도정도에 따른 조지방 함량은 도정도가 증가할수록 감소하게 나타났고 17일 발효 후 최종 알코올 함량과 아미노산은 0% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. pH는 0% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가, 총산은 10% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났으며 고형분 함량, 착색도, 자외부 흡수 및 환원당 함량은 30% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도가 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 유기산 중 malic acid와 acetic acid는 30% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났으며 succinic acid와 lactic acid는 0% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 유리당에서 maltose와 glucose는 30% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도와 함께 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 fructose는 도정도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 원료 찹쌀의 도정도를 달리한 발효주는 도정도가 증가할수록 알코올 함량과 아미노산은 감소하였고 고형분 함량, 착색도, 자외부 흡수, 환원당은 증가하였으며 이러한 결과는 맛 성분 중 입안의 중량감과 단맛을 나타내는 유리당 함량은 증가하고 상큼하고 신맛을 나타내는 유기산 함량은 감소하는 결과를 보여주었다. GC와 GC-MSD를 사용한 휘발성 향기성분 분석 결과, alcohol 7종, ester 39종, acid 6종, aldehyde 1종, alkane 4종, alkene 1종, 기타 2종으로 60종이 검출되었다. 술의 주성분인 ethyl alcohol을 제외하고 hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester의 면적비율이 가장 높게 나타났고 달콤하면서 견과류향 특성을 나타내는 decanoic acid ethyl ester의 면적비율이 그 다음을 나타냈다. 도정도가 증가할수록 과일, 와인 향 특성을 나타내는 hexanoic acid ethyl ester, 2-octenoic acid ethyl ester의 면적비율은 증가하는 경향을 보였고 향은 거의 없고 부드럽고 달콤한 oil 특성을 나타내는 ethyl oleat, ethyl linoleate와 succinic acid diethyl ester, isoamyl laurate의 면적비율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. Ester류 외에 도정도가 증가할수록 acid류 중 propanoic acid의 면적비율은 증가하였고 n-caprylic acid의 면적비율은 감소하였으며 alcohol류 중 1-hexanol과 2,3-butanediol의 면적비율은 증가하게 나타났다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.1116-1124
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• 2020

본 연구는 사과 잎 추출물의 화장품 소재로 응용하기 위한 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 에탄올 70%로 추출하여 실험을 진행하였다. 사과 잎 추출물을 GC/MS로 분석하였고, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량과 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 통하여 항산화, 세포생존율(MTT assay) 확인을 통한 독성 평가를 하였으며, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 저해 측정을 통해 사과 잎 추출물을 처리한 군에 4.6배의 NO 생성량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였고, 항염효과를 알아보았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 78.80 ± 0.25 mg/g, 총 플라보노이드 65.25±6.62 mg/g로 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 추출물 농도 0.25%에서 79.8± 0.99%, 0.5%에서 88.13±0.89%, 1%에서 96.83±2.00%로 소거능이 증가함을 확인하였다. 세포생존율 평가는 고농도인 1000 ppm 농도에서도 91.19±3.49%로 80% 이상의 생존률을 확인하였다. GC-MS 성분분석 결과 catechol(5.65%), DL-Gluciol(12.05%), Ascorbicacid(2.41%), Phytol(13.88%), Hexanoic acid(5.47%) 등 항산화 화장품 소재로 활용이 사료된다. 이에 실험 결과 사과 잎 추출물을 이용한 천연 기능성 화장품 소재 개발에 있어 중요한 기초 자료로 이용되고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.847-853
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• 1999

A Pseudomonas sp. strain that is capable of utilizing dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source was isolated from activated sludge by using the enrichment culture technique. This organism accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with an unusual pattern of monomer units that depends on the carbon sources used. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) homopolyester was synthesized from glucose or small $C_{-even}$ alkanoic acids, such as butyric acid and hexanoic acid. Accumulation of PHB homopolyester was also observed in the cells grown on $C_{-odd}$ dicarboxylic acids, such as heptanedioic acid and nonanedioic acid as the sole carbon sources. In contrast, a copolyester consisting of 6 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 94 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) was produced with a PHA content of as much as 36% of the cellular dry matter. This strain produced PHAs consisting both of the short-chain-length (SCL) and the medium-chain-length (MCL) 3-hydroxyacid units when heptanoic acid to undecanoic acid were fed as the sole carbon sources. Most interestingly, polyester consisting of significant amount of relevant fractions, 3HB, 3HV, and 3-hydroxyheptanoate (3HHp), was accumulated from heptanoic acid. According to solvent fractionation experiments, the polymer produced from heptanoic acid was a blend of poly(3HHp) and of a copolyester of 3HB, 3HV, and 3HHp units. The hexane soluble fractions contained only 3HHp units while the hexane-insoluble fractions contained 3HB and 3HV units with a small amount of 3HHp unit. The copolyester was an elastomer with unusual mechanical properties. The maximum elongation ratio of the copolyester was 460% with an ultimate strength of 10 MPa, which was very different from those of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters having similar compositions produced from other microorganisms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2004

The peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was immobilized through their amino terminus to ends of a sugar bearing copolymer, producing a functional hybrid copolymer. Poly(N-p-vinylbenzyl-D-maltonamide-co-6-(p-vinylbenzamido)-hexanoic acid-g-GRGDS) [p(VMA-co-VBGRGDS)] promoted the attachment and growth of NIH fibroblast cells. The interaction between fibroblast cells and p(VMA-co- VBGRGDS) copolymer resulted in effective cell attachment, proliferation, and morphological changes by introduction of a GRGDS sequence. Moreover, when pretreated with soluble RGD monomer, attachment of fibroblast cells was suppressed approximately 50% from that of the p(VMA-co-VBGRGDS) surface.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1143-1146
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• 2009

[$Mn_{12}O_{12}(azo-L)_{16}(H_2O)_4$] (1), a new Mn12 single molecule magnet containing a photochromic azobenzene ligand, has been successfully synthesized by substitution of acetate ligand of Mn12 with 6-[4-{4-hexyloxyphenyl( azo)}-phenoxy]hexanoic-1-acid. The reversible photoisomerization of the azobenzene group was confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The temperature and field dependence of dc susceptibility and the temperature and the frequency dependence of ac susceptibility were measured for the cis and the trans isomer of 1. The magnetization value of the cis isomer in dc measurement is higher than that of the trans isomer. The cis isomer of 1 has a slower relaxation because cis-trans photoisomerization of the azobenzene group in peripheral ligands induces changes in its structure and dipole moment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.391-396
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• 1997

Two series of carbon sources, linear primary $C_1$~$C_9$ alcohols and linear $C_2$~$C_{10}$ monocarboxylic acids were tested for PHA synthesis in Paracoccus denitrificans. The results showed that the growth-associated synthesis of PHA could be referred only to the carbon sources with odd number of carbon except methanol. For all carbon sources with even number of carbon, nitrogen limitation was required to induce PHA synthesis in P. denitrificans. Poly(3-hydroxyvalerate)[P(3HV)] homopolymer was synthesized from $C_5$, $C_7$, and $C_9$ while growing in the presence of nitrogen, but the nitrogen depletion in the later growth period incorporated 3-hydroxybutyrate(3HB) unit into the polymer chain. The optimum C/N ratio for P(3HV) homopolymer production was found to be 10 when the strain was grown on 10 ml/l of valeric acid for 96 h. P. denitrificans synthesized P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymers from n-hexanoic and n-octanoic acid. The microstructural characterics of the P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer from n-propanol was investigated using $^13C$-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing a structural heterogeneity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2016

The chemical compositions of the essential oil extracted from Albizziae julibrissin barks were analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry spectrometry. Fourteen components were identified, representing 89.23 % of the total oil composition. The analysis of the essential oil revealed that the essential oil contains 14 compounds, accounting for 89.23 % of the total oil. Hexanoic acid was the principal component (41.43 %) of the essential oil, followed by 4,4,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-ol (11.16 %), palmitic acid (9.00 %), 2-pentylfuran (5.66 %), 2-butyl-2-octenal (4.12 %), linoleic acid (3.10%), amyl hexanoate (3.01%), (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (2.49 %), 2-hexylthiophene (2.47 %), caprylic acid (2.13 %), ${\delta}-undecalactone$ (1.52 %), heptanoic acid (1.27 %), 3,5-octadien-2-ol (0.99 %), and 2-octenal (0.88 %). The acaricidal activity of the A. julibrissin oil was tested against Dermatophagoides farina, D. pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae by the fumigant bioassay. Based on the $LD_{50}$ values, the essential oil exhibited strong acaricidal activities against D. farinae ($LD_{50}$, $4.88{\mu}g/cm^3$), D. pteronyssinus ($2.44{\mu}g/cm^3$), and T. putrescentiae ($1.22{\mu}g/cm^3$). These results indicate that A. julibrissin oil could be a source of acaricidal agents for mite control.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 1992

The approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess sodium diethyldihydroaluminate (SDDA) with 68 selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups were examined under standard conditions (THF-toluene, $0^{\circ}C$ in order to compare its reducing characteristics with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), aluminum hydride, and diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH) previously examined, and enlarge the scope of its applicability as a reducing agent. Alcohols, phenol, thiols and amines evolve hydrogen rapidly and quantitatively. Aldehydes and ketones of diverse structure are reduced rapidly to the corresponding alcohols. Reduction of norcamphor gives 11% exo-and 89% endo-norborneol. Conjugated aldehydes such as cinnamaldehyde are rapidly and cleanly reduced to the corresponding allylic alcohols. p-Benzoquinone is mainly reduced to hydroquinone. Hexanoic acid and benzoic acid liberate hydrogen rapidly and quantitatively, however reduction proceeds very slowly. Acid chlorides and esters tested are all reduced rapidly to the corresponding alcohols. However cyclic acid anhydrides such as succinic anhydride are reduced to the lactone stage rapidly, but very slowly thereafter. Although alkyl chlorides are reduced very slowly alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides and epoxides are reduced rapidly with an uptake of 1 equiv of hydride. Styrene oxide is reduced to give 1-phenylethanol quantitatively. Primary amides are reduced very slowly; however, tertiary amides take up 1 equiv of hydride rapidly. Tertiary amides could be reduced to the corresponding aldehydes in very good yield ( > 90%) by reacting with equimolar SDDA at room temperature. Hexanenitrile is reduced moderately accompanying 0.6 equiv of hydrogen evolution, however the reduction of benzonitrile proceeds rapidly to the imine stage and very slowly thereafter. Benzonitrile was reduced to give 90% yield of benzaldehyde by reaction with 1.1 equiv of hydride. Nitro compounds, azobenzene and azoxybenzene are reduced moderately at $0^{\circ}C$, but nitrobenzene is rapidly reduced to hydrazobenzene stage at room temperature. Cyclohexanone oxime is reduced to the hydroxylamine stage in 12 h and no further reaction is apparent. Pyridine is reduced sluggishly at $0^{\circ}C$, but moderately at room temperature to 1,2-dihydropyridine stage in 6 h; however further reaction is very slow. Disulfides and sulfoxides are reduced rapidly, whereas sulfide, sulfone, sulfonic acid and sulfonate are inert under these reaction conditions.