Physicochemical Characteristics and Volatile Compounds of Glutinous Rice Wines Depending on the Milling Degrees

도정도에 따른 찹쌀발효주의 이화학적 특성 및 휘발성 향기성분

  • Kim, Hye-Ryun (Brewing Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Ae-Ran (Brewing Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kwon, Young-Hee (Brewing Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Hyang-Jeong (Brewing Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Jo, Sung-Jin (Brewing Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Ho (Brewing Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Ahn, Byung-Hak (Brewing Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
  • 김혜련 (한국식품연구원 우리술연구센터) ;
  • 이애란 (한국식품연구원 우리술연구센터) ;
  • 권영희 (한국식품연구원 우리술연구센터) ;
  • 이향정 (한국식품연구원 우리술연구센터) ;
  • 조성진 (한국식품연구원 우리술연구센터) ;
  • 김재호 (한국식품연구원 우리술연구센터) ;
  • 안병학 (한국식품연구원 우리술연구센터)
  • Received : 2009.09.03
  • Accepted : 2009.10.12
  • Published : 2010.02.28

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of different milling degrees on the quality of glutinous rice wines, the physicochemical properties and volatile compounds of various wines were evaluated. Sample wines prepared from glutinous rice with 90, 80, and 70% milling yields were analyzed for ethanol, pH, total acids, amino acids, soluble solids, coloring degree, UV absorbance, reducing sugars, organic acids, free sugars and volatile compounds. After fermentation for 17 days, ethanol contents in the wines ranged from 15.2 to 15.85%, while total acid levels ranged from 0.31 to 0.35%. The amino acid contents in four samples ranged from 0.63 to 0.73%, while soluble solid contents ranged from 11.4 to $13.1^{\circ}Bx$. The wine prepared from glutinous rice with a 30% degree of milling showed the highest coloring degree, UV absorbance and reducing sugar content among four samples. Furthermore, this wine had the highest levels of malic acid and acetic acid, while the glutinous rice wine prepared from rice with a 0% degree of milling had the highest levels of succinic acid and lactic acid. In all the glutinous rice wines tested, the most abundant free sugar was glucose followed by maltose. With increasing degree of milling, the alcohol, amino acid and organic acid contents of the glutinous rice wines decreased, whereas soluble solids, coloring degree, UV absorbance, reducing sugar and free sugar contents increased. Volatile compounds were identified using GC-MSD, and thirty-nine esters, seven alcohols, six acids, one aldehyde, four alkanes, one alkene and two miscellaneous compounds were identified in the glutinous rice wines. Using relative peak area, it was determined that other than ethyl alcohol, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester was the major component and was primarily found in the range of 11.566-18.437%. Succinic acid diethyl ester and isoamyl laurate decreased with an increasing degree of milling, whereas hexanoic acid ethyl ester and 2-octenoic acid ethyl ester increased. Overall, it was shown that different milling degrees greatly affected the physicochemical and volatile characteristics of the glutinous rice wines.

원료 찹쌀의 도정도가 발효주에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 0% 도정찹쌀을 대조군으로 수율 기준으로 10, 20, 30% 도정한 찹쌀을 이용하여 발효주를 제조하여 이화학적 특성 및 휘발성 향기성분을 비교하였다. 원료 찹쌀의 도정도에 따른 조지방 함량은 도정도가 증가할수록 감소하게 나타났고 17일 발효 후 최종 알코올 함량과 아미노산은 0% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. pH는 0% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가, 총산은 10% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났으며 고형분 함량, 착색도, 자외부 흡수 및 환원당 함량은 30% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도가 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 유기산 중 malic acid와 acetic acid는 30% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났으며 succinic acid와 lactic acid는 0% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 유리당에서 maltose와 glucose는 30% 도정찹쌀을 원료로 한 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났고 도정도와 함께 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 fructose는 도정도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 원료 찹쌀의 도정도를 달리한 발효주는 도정도가 증가할수록 알코올 함량과 아미노산은 감소하였고 고형분 함량, 착색도, 자외부 흡수, 환원당은 증가하였으며 이러한 결과는 맛 성분 중 입안의 중량감과 단맛을 나타내는 유리당 함량은 증가하고 상큼하고 신맛을 나타내는 유기산 함량은 감소하는 결과를 보여주었다. GC와 GC-MSD를 사용한 휘발성 향기성분 분석 결과, alcohol 7종, ester 39종, acid 6종, aldehyde 1종, alkane 4종, alkene 1종, 기타 2종으로 60종이 검출되었다. 술의 주성분인 ethyl alcohol을 제외하고 hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester의 면적비율이 가장 높게 나타났고 달콤하면서 견과류향 특성을 나타내는 decanoic acid ethyl ester의 면적비율이 그 다음을 나타냈다. 도정도가 증가할수록 과일, 와인 향 특성을 나타내는 hexanoic acid ethyl ester, 2-octenoic acid ethyl ester의 면적비율은 증가하는 경향을 보였고 향은 거의 없고 부드럽고 달콤한 oil 특성을 나타내는 ethyl oleat, ethyl linoleate와 succinic acid diethyl ester, isoamyl laurate의 면적비율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. Ester류 외에 도정도가 증가할수록 acid류 중 propanoic acid의 면적비율은 증가하였고 n-caprylic acid의 면적비율은 감소하였으며 alcohol류 중 1-hexanol과 2,3-butanediol의 면적비율은 증가하게 나타났다.

Keywords

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