• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.582-586
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• 2008

Total phenolic compounds and antioxidative activities of rooibos tea(Aspalathus linearis) fractions were studied. Three extracts, using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, were prepared. Total phenolic compounds were 3069.3 mg/100 g extract in the hexane fraction, 18604.4 mg/100 g extract in the ethyl acetate fraction, and 13458.8 mg/100 g extract in the ethanol fraction. Levels of vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, 4-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were analyzed by RP-HPLC, and totals of 3452.6 and 3156.1 mg/100 g of extract were found in the ethanol and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively. In the DPPH assay, the ethanol fraction(82.2% of contol) and the ethyl acetate fraction(78.9%) showed the highest free radical scavenging capacities. The induction period of each tea fraction in the fish oil rancimat assay was measured. When 500 ppm of the ethanol fraction was applied, a 1.19 h induction period was observed. This was 2-fold greater than the induction period of the control.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.678-682
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• 2016

Antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extract from 13 commercial herb medicines was measured against fish pathogens Streptococcus iniae, causing several diseases in various kind of fish. Siegesbeckia pubescens showed the strongest antibacterial activity against S. iniae. Methanol extract of S. pubescens was further extracted using several organic solvents having different polarity. Extract from n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC of S. pubescens extract was measured and resulted showing 8 μg/mL with n-hexane fraction and 32 μg/mL with ethyl acetate fraction against S. iniae. The growth of S. iniae was fully inhibited by adding 50 μg/mL (final concentration) of n-hexane or ethyl acetate fraction in the liquid media. It is needed that, from these results, purification and isolation of responsible active compound(s) of these activities and further study on the synergy effect using combination with commercial antibiotics against fish pathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.871-878
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the anticancer activities of an 80% methanol extract and various fractions of Rhododendron brachycarpum (RB). The n-hexane fraction of RB showed the highest inhibitory activity (Inhibit concentration $50%=20.2{\pm}1.2{\mu}g/ml$) in HT-29 cells. Colony- and sphereforming abilities were significantly correlated with a decrease in the cell count and size. A TOP/FOP flash reporter assay revealed that the inhibitory activity of the n-hexane fraction of RB ($0.22{\pm}0.02$ fold change) was lower than that of the 80% methanol extract and that of other fractions. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of RB were predominantly dependent on the expression levels of intracellular ${\beta}-catenin$. Western blotting using $p-GSK3{\beta}$ with only the n-hexane fraction of RB was conducted to examine whether these secondary metabolites reduced ${\beta}-catenin$ degradation. Intracellular ${\beta}-catenin$ regulation resulted in quantitative changes in the nucleus. In summary, these results demonstrate the potential of the n-hexane fraction of RB as a natural anticancer agent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity against pathogens of acne and the anti-inflammatory effect of 75% ethanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Prunus sargentii. In the antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay, the extract showed the highest effect against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 mg/disc. However, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity in 1 mg/disc. On the other hand, the hexane and chloroform fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cell viability of Raw 264.7 by MTT assay, the extract and all fractions were exhibited normal viabilities as nontoxic result. Consequently, the extract from the leaves of P. sargentii and its ethyl acetate fraction could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial activity related fields. Moreover, the hexane and chloroform fraction could be applicable to candidate materials as anti-inflammatory agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2004

Melanin pigmentation has an essential role in protecting human skin against the damaging effects of ultra violet radiation, infection, environmental factor, etc. However abnormal melanin pigmentation can directly cause a number of congenital and acquired pigmentary skin disease. This study conducted to evaluate the effects of various partition extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata on the melanogenesis in the B 16 melanoma cells. The cells were treated for 3 days with various partition extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata. While treatment with the BuOH partition extract of Codonopsis lanceolata increased significantly the tyrosinase activity and melanin content, the n-Hexane or ethyl acetate partition extract dose-dependently suppressed them compared with untreated control. But ethyl acetate partition significantly decreased the cell viability. The H2O partiton extract at various concentrations did not exhibit any significant change on the melanogenesis. These results indicate that treatment with the n-Hexane partition extract inhibits the melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, and raise the possibility that this extract may be effective in the abnormal melanin pigmentation as well as the whitening agent for the skin.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.278-282
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• 2004

We investigated antimicrobial activity of methanol extract from Angelica gigas and A. acutiloba against three gram-positive bacteria(Bacilius cereus, B. subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus), two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens), and one yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The antimicrobial activity was shown in only ethyl acetate fraction of shoot and root extracts from A. gigas. The activity of the fraction of shoot extract was remarkably potent against S. aureus. The ethyl acetate fraction of root extract showed great antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. The n-hexane fraction of shoot extract and the water fraction of root extract from A. acutiloba were not showed antimicrobial activity, in contrast, the ether fraction of shoot and root extracts showed great antimicrobial activity. S. cerevisiae was not inhibited by any fractions and species.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

In order to research the effect of solvents of extract on biological activities of Phyllostachys nigra Munro, antioxidative activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibibitory activity in vitro were investigated. When ethyl acetate and hexane as solvents were used, the total phenols concentrations were 44.1 and 47.3 mg/kg, respectively, which was about 2.0 fold higher than that of water. The antioxidive activity was affected by solvents of extraction. The antioxidative activity was increased in order of hexane > ethyl acetate > n-butanol > methanol > water extraction. On the other hand, in the case of SOD-like activity, it was in the order of methanol > n-butanol > hexane > ethyl acetate extraction. The nitrite scavenging ability showed the most remarkable activity at pH 1.2 irrespective of solvents. Especially, when pH was increased from 1.2 to 6.0 using ethyl acetate extraction, it was decreased from 69.2 to 7.8%. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was in the range of 15.2~21.3% and was increased in order of water > methanol > n-butanol>hexane > ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that hexane and ethyl acetate extraction of Phyllostachys nigra Munro can be used in bioactive and functional materials.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to optimize the extraction of beneficial substance from Cudrania tricuspidata leaves grown at Jirisan Mountain in South Korea by three different solvents depending on extraction time and at different temperature. Methods: The total phenolic contents were determined by the method reported by $S{\acute{a}}nchez$-Moreno et al. The total flavonoid contents were analyzed by Slinkard and Singleton. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method reported by Blois Results: The extraction yield for each solvent is 9.05-14.1%, 2.17-5.67%, and 2.3-3.9% for D.W., ethanol, and hexane, respectively. The overall results were maximized for the extract obtained with D.W. for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$. The average phenol contents were 77.11, 45.64, and 0.343 mg/g at $100^{\circ}C$ in water, $78^{\circ}C$ in ethanol, and $68^{\circ}C$ in hexane, respectively. The flavonoid contents were the highest in the materials extracted with D.W., and were increased with increasing temperature, regardless of the extraction solvents, whether water (green), polar organic ethanol, or nonpolar organic hexane. In the ethanol extract, the flavonoid contents are increased gradually from 5.66 mg/g to 7.73 mg/g. The total flavonoid contents were proportional to the concentrations of the water extracts, ranging from 4.14 mg/g to 48.89 mg/g. The antioxidative activities of the water-extracted compounds are generally increased with increasing temperature from 42.5% to 85.5%. Those of the hexane extracts are increased slowly from 3.79% to 8.8%, while those of ethanol extracts are increased from 29.8% to 47.4%. Conclusion: The extraction yields were dependent upon solvents for extraction as well as extraction time and the temperature. The optimal extraction time was 5 min and the extraction yields were increased with increasing temperature excepted hexane. Of the three tested extraction solvents, the greenest solvent of water shows excellent results, suggesting that water is among the most effective solvents for natural sample extractions for general medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1057-1062
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• 1997

In the course of searching for anticancer agents from 32 mushrooms, it was found that methanol extract of Lycoperdon perlatum showed inhibitory effect on topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. This active methanol extract was sequentially fractionated with hexane, chloroform, n-buthanol and water. Among the solvent-fractionated extracts, $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ hexane fraction of L. perlatum inhibited on topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. The effect of hexane fraction of L. perlatum was dose- and reaction time-dependent. The hexane fraction of L. perlatum was found to have inhibitory activity on relaxation assay of DNA topoisomerase I. The hexane fraction of cultured L. perlatum, however, had no inhibitory effect on either type of topoisomerase.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2020

In this study, Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) cultivar 'Willamette' fruit extract(RIFE) was prepared from the freeze-dried raspberry powder, n-hexane and ethyl acetate, and then the phenolic compound content, ferric reducing ability, and radical scavenging ability were measured. The raspberry cultivar 'willamette', 'polka', and 'polana' compound fruit extract did not show cytotoxicity up to the concentration of 10%. As a result of conducting an experiment at the concentration, it was confirmed that the total phenolic compound content was 375.3 ppm, and the total flavonoid content was 43.46 ppm, and the ferric reducing ability by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reagent was equivalent to FeSO4 0.532 mM. It was confirmed that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability was 94.5 ± 0.7%, and the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging ability was 99.4 ± 2.82%, and the nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity was 88.5 ± 0.4%. When compared with the L-ascorbic acid 'standard' solution, DPPH radical scavenging ability was between 25 - 50 ppm / ABTS radical scavenging ability was close to 100 ppm / NO radical scavenging ability was more than 1,000 ppm. These results suggest that the raspberry cultivar 'willamette' fruit extract could be applied as an effective cosmetic material with antioxidant activity.