• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2007

전통된장으로부터 분리한 Bacillus subtilis DJI은 다른 Bacillus 속에 비해 균체 생육이 빠르게 진행되어 9시간 만에 생육이 최대값에 이른다. 그 이후 사멸기에 접어들면서 자기소화에 의해 급격한 세포파쇄가 이루어져 포자가 세포외로 방출됨과 동시에 다량의 단백분해효소가 세포 밖으로 방출된다. 이러한 B. subtilis DJI 특유의 생육특징을 이용하여 세균형 코지와 된장을 제조(DJI 된장)하였으며, 제조된장의 숙성 60일 이후 일반성분을 분석한 결과 아미노태 질소 507 mg%, 조단백 14.3%, 조지방 4.8%로 식품공전상의 된장규격에 만족하였다. 또한 단백질 구성아미노산과 유리아미노산의 함량을 분석한 결과 유리아미노산의 총 함량이 숙성 30일에는 299.255 mg%에서 60일 이후에는 547.784 mg%로 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. DJI 된장과 6종의 가정식 된장의 혈전용해능을 비교한 결과 DJI 된장은 909.7 units/ml, 재래된장은 $363.3{\sim}618.6\;units/ml$로 나타내었다. DJI 된장은 관능적으로도 쿰쿰한 냄새가 거의 없고 구수한 된장향이 났으며, GC/MS를 통한 DJI 된장의 향기성분을 분석한 결과에서도 재래된장 특유의 쿰쿰한 냄새의 원인물질 (3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, butanoic acid)은 적은양 검출된 반면 재래된장 고유의 맛과 향의 원인물질 (benzaldehyde, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, hexadecanoic acid)은 일정량 이상 검출되었다. 현재 식품공전상 된장은 대두나 곡물에 종국을 섞어 제국하여 발효 숙성시키거나, 메주를 식염수에 담가 발효하여 여액분리 후 이를 가공한 것으로 정의하고 있다. 즉 현재까지 된장은 주로 곰팡이의 단백분해효소에 의한 발효, 숙성물이었으나 본 연구에서는 B. subtilis DJI의 특이한 생육특성에 의하여 이를 사용한 새로운 개념의 세균형 코지제조와 이를 활용하여 재래된장 고유의 구수한 풍미를 지닌 맛있는 된장제조가 2개월 안에 제조 가능함을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.262-275
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• 2024

In Indonesia, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren and Cryptotermes cyanocephalus Light termite attacks can damage wood and causing losses of 8.7 trillion rupiah per year. Wood treatment and soil barrier are very important to protect structures and their components from termite infestation. The application of synthetic chemicals that pose risks to the environment and human health. The growing movement to replace these chemicals with new termiticides that are safe for the environment in place of persistent organic pollutants. Efficacy performance in entomopathogenic fungi spores such as that produce decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and octadecadienoic acid are potential compounds that provide for ecofriendly termite control. Entomopathogenic fungal spores from Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma harzianum, and Beauveria bassiana, as the active ingredient were formulated with nanocellulose was added as an inert ingredient to which helped to deliver the active ingredients on controlling the target pest, and enhance the utility ability of the product fungi to control termites. The mortality of these termites successively entomopathogenic fungi was the main cause of death. The higher concentrations being associated with of nanocellulose used affect increased the number of termites mortality. M. anisopliae paired with 60% nanocellulose concentrate was the best percentage for yielded the greatest C. curvignathus and C. cynocephalus termite control. In the field testing, M. anisopliae provided better, it showed the finest result of termite control rather than B. bassiana and T. harzianum. The results of the research indicate that entomopathogenic fungi can be used for Pest Control Management as the subterranean termite and drywood termite control.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.67-67
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• 2018

Trichoderma species are a rich source of metabolites, but less known for biomedical potential. This work deals with antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of intracellular non-cytotoxic metabolites, extracted from Trichoderma atroviride (KNUP001). A total of 53 fractions was collected by column chromatography and tested for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Only one fraction (F41) was found to be non-toxic to Vero cells with $95.4{\pm}0.61%$ of survival. The F41 was then subjected to chemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant assays. The F41 at $500{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ showed the total antioxidant of $48.70{\pm}2.90%$, DPPH radical scavenging activity of $37.25{\pm}2.25$, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of $54.55{\pm}1.95$ and $H_2O_2$ radical scavenging activity of $43.75{\pm}3.21$. The F41 at $25{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$), P. mirabilis ($10.4{\pm}0.6mm$), S. dysenteriae ($18.6{\pm}03mm$), S. paratyphi A ($14.1{\pm}1.1mm$), E. aerogenes ($5.6{\pm}0.4mm$) and S. marcescens ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$). GC-MS analysis revealed the dominant presence of oleic acid C 18.1 (63.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.17%), and ethyl oleate (4.93%) and potent molecules such as 8-[(2E)-2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (1Z)-N-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethanimidothioate, Fluorene in the F41, and virtual study revealed that these molecules are likely responsible for the antibacterial activities of F41. Hence, further investigation deserves on purification and characterization of the active metabolites from T. atroviride strain KNUP001 towards developing molecular leads to effective antibacterial drugs, and non-toxic to host cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 떫은감의 5가지 공시품종인 상주둥시, 고종시, 고동시, 갑주백목, 청도반시를 이용하여 가공된 곶감의 유리당, 지방산, 무기성분, 구성 아미노산, 바이타민 C와 같은 영양성분 분석을 진행하였고, 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량을 측정함과 동시에 in vitro 상에서 ABTS, DPPH 라디칼 제거 활성을 측정하였고, FRAP, 지방질과산화물 생성 억제효과, 아세틸콜린 분해효소 억제효과를 확인하였다. 이를 토대로 MC-IXC 뇌 신경세포에서 신경세포 생존율과 산화적 스트레스 억제효과, 세포막 보호효과를 확인하였다. 유리당 분석에서는 상주둥시 품종이 포도당(glucose), 과당(fructose) 함량이 가장 높았고, 지방산 함량은 상주둥시 품종에서는 올레산(oleic acid)이, 고동시, 고종시, 갑주백목, 반시에서는 팔미트산(palmitic acid)이 가장 높은 비율을 나타내었다. 포타슘과 인의 함량이 다른 무기성분들에 비해 월등히 높았으며, 주요 아미노산으로는 아스파트산(aspartic acid)과 글루탐산(glutamic acid)이 상대적으로 높았고, 바이타민 C 역시 5 품종 모두 검출되었다. 또한, 총 페놀성 화합물을 상주둥시의 95% 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높았고, ABTS, DPPH 라디칼 제거 활성과 FRAP, 지방질 과산화물 생성 억제활성 그리고 아세틸콜린 분해효소 억제 활성에서 갑주백목의 80% 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 산화적 스트레스에 대한 뇌 신경세포 생존율은 갑주백목이 가장 높은 생존율을 나타내었으며, 산화적 스트레스 생성 억제와 뇌 신경세포 세포막 보호효과 역시 갑주백목이 가장 큰 억제 활성과 보호효과를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아 곶감은 뛰어난 산화방지 효과를 가지고 있으며, 이를 근간으로 뇌 신경세포 보호효과도 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 생리활성능력은 임산물의 고부가가치 소재개발에 있어 산업적 활용 가능성을 재고하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 다만 생리활성 물질의 검증이 부족하고, 산화방지 활성이 in vitro 상의 효과에 국한된 점에서 향후 물질분석과 인기지능 개선 효과 검증을 통해 인기지능 개선 건강기능식품 소재로서 연구될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1408-1415
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• 2008

To produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from inexpensive substrates by bacteria, vegetable-oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from a rice field using enrichment cultivation. The isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain DR2 showed clear orange or red spots of accumulated PHA granules when grown on phosphate and nitrogen limited medium containing vegetable oil as the sole carbon source and stained with Nile blue A. Up to 37.34% (w/w) of intracellular PHA was produced from corn oil, which consisted of three major 3-hydroxyalkanoates; octanoic (C8:0, 37.75% of the total 3-hydroxyalkanoate content of PHA), decanoic (C10:0, 36.74%), and dodecanoic (C12:0, 11.36%). Pseudomonas sp. strain DR2 accumulated up to 23.52% (w/w) of $PHA_{MCL}$ from waste vegetable oil. The proportion of 3-hydroxyalkanoate of the waste vegetable-oil-derived PHA [hexanoic (5.86%), octanoic (45.67%), decanoic (34.88%), tetradecanoic (8.35%), and hexadecanoic (5.24%)] showed a composition ratio different from that of the corn-oil-derived PHA. Strain DR2 used three major fatty acids in the same ratio, and linoleic acid was the major source of PHA production. Interestingly, the production of PHA in Pseudomonas sp. strain DR2 could not occur in either acetate- or butyrate-amended media. Pseudomonas sp. strain DR2 accumulated a greater amount of PHA than other well-studied strains (Chromobacterium violaceum and Ralstonia eutropha H16) when grown on vegetable oil. The data showed that Pseudomonas sp. strain DR2 was capable of producing PHA from waste vegetable oil.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.668-673
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• 2015

The pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has a desirable taste and flavor that differs from those of other fish and shellfish. In order to develop a high value-added product from individually quick-frozen oyster extract (IQFOE), we prepared an oyster sauce from IQFOE and characterized its volatile compounds using vacuum simultaneous steam distillationsolvent extraction / gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. The moisture, crude protein, crude ash, salinity, pH and volatile basic nitrogen contents of the oyster sauce were 60.6%, 8.2%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 5.7 and 21.0 mg/100 g, respectively. Seventy-six volatile compounds were detected in the cooked odor of the oyster sauce. These volatile compounds included 14 esters, including ethyl acetate, 13 nitrogen- containing compounds, including 2,4,6-trimethyl pyridine, 13 acids, including hexadecanoic acid, 12 alcohols, including ethyl alcohol and 6-methyl heptanol, 6 alkanes, 5 aldehydes, including benzaldehyde, 5 ketones, including 1-(2-furanyl)-ethanone, 4 furans, including 2-furancarboxaldehyde and 2-furanmethanol, 3 aromatic compounds, including d-limonene, and 1 miscellaneous compound. Esters, acids and nitrogen-containing compounds, and alcohols were the most abundant compounds in the odor of the cooked oyster sauce, with some aldehydes, ketones, and furans.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.558-570
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• 2014

This study was conducted to compare the volatile flavor compounds found in the leaves of 15 taxa of Korean native Chrysanthemum species. The volatile flavor compounds from the taxa were collected using a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction technique and were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass selective detector (GC/MSD). A total of 45 volatile flavor compounds were identified with six functional groups: 14 alcohols, 4 ketones, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 esters, 2 acids, and 1 aldehyde. The main functional group in 15 taxa of Chrysanthemum species was alcohols, accounting for 28.7% of volatile flavor compounds, followed by ketones (21.2%) and hydrocarbons (13.2%). Camphor, which is known for its antimicrobial properties, was the most abundant volatile compound (30%) in C. zawadskii ssp. latilobum and var. leiophyllum. In particular, C. indicum subspecies and C. boreale contained ${\alpha}$-thujone, which has outstanding anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and anti-diabetic efficacies. C. indicum var. albescens could be used in perfumes, since it showed 21 times more camphene than C. indicum. In addition, C. indicum var. acuta contained a fairly high content of 1,8-cineole, which has an inhibitory effect on mutagenesis. C. lineare contained only pentadecanoic acid compounds, whereas other taxa hexadecanoic acids. Overall, the Korean native Chrysanthemum species had considerable variation in volatile flavor compounds in their leaves. This study provides a good indication of specific potential use for various applications.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권spc3호
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• pp.349-358
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• 2011

In order to ascertain latitudinal variation of lipid contents and compositions in copepods, we collected warm water copepod species (Euchaeta sp. and Pleuromamma spp.) from four different regions from low (sub-tropical) to mid (temperate) latitudes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Total lipid contents of Pleuromamma spp. were about 11 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$ with little latitudinal variation, whereas Euchaeta sp. showed slightly higher lipid content (20 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$) than Pleuromamma spp. with latitudinal gradient (low at subtropic and high at temperate). Wax esters, known as the major storage lipid classes, were found to be the dominant lipid classes (accounting for more than 35% of total lipids) in Euchaeta sp., whereas in Pleuromamma spp., phospholipids, known as cellular membrane components, were the dominant lipid classes. However, the exception was specimens from warm pool region exhibiting dominance in storage of lipids as a form of triacylglycerols. Among fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA : 22:6(n-3)) (about 35% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Euchaeta sp., while saturated fatty acids (SAFA), specially hexadecanoic acid (16:0) (about 30% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Pleuromamma spp.. Among the neutral fraction of lipids, phytol, originated from the side chain of chlorophyll, was found in all samples which generally indicate active copepods feeding on algae. While only trace amounts of short-chain fatty alcohols were found in Pleuromamma spp., significant amounts of fatty alcohols were found in Euchaeta sp.. Particularly, significant amounts of long chain monounsaturated fatty alcohols (20:1 and 22:1), generally found in cold water species, were found in Euchaeta sp. from low latitudes. The latitudinal variation of trophic lipid markers in these copepods could be significantly related with in-situ food availability and species-specific diet preference. The result of this study suggests that the lipid contents and compositions in copepods may not only indicate their nutritional condition and feeding ecology but also provide insight into species-specific living strategies under different environmental conditions (i.e. water temperature, food availability).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2023

Azadirachta excelsa, is a plant belonging to the same genus as Indian neem (Azadirachta indica), and its use as a pesticide is reported by few studies. Despite being a different species, it is expected to have the same biopesticide potential as A. indica. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anti-termite activity of n-hexane and methanol extracts of A. excelsa seed kernel at various concentrations against Coptotermes curvignathus. The methanol extract demonstrated greater termicidal activity than n-hexane at doses test of 2%, 4%, and 8%. It also showed 100% termite mortality on the third day of administering the 8% dose. According to the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry data, the putative main components of the n-hexane extract were hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (18.99%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (16.31%), and 9-octadecenal (16.23%). In contrast, the principal constituents of methanol extract were patchouli alcohol (28.1%), delta-guaiene (15.15%), and alpha-guaiene (11.93%). Furthermore, limonoids profiling of A. excelsa methanol extract was determined using Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The number of limonoids identified tentatively was fifteen, such as 6-deacetylnimbin, nimbolidin C, nimbolide, 6-acetylnimbandiol, 6-deacetyl-nimbinene, salannol, 28-deoxonimbolide, gedunin, nimbandiol, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone, 2',3'-dihydrosalannin, marrangin, nimbocinol, and azadirachtin. They were the same as those reported in the seed and leaves of A. indica, but its largest component in A. excelsa was 6-deacetylnimbin. As a result, the presence of these compounds may be responsible for the anti-termite activity of A. excelsa seed kernel extract. Additionally, column chromatography of methanol extract yielded 6-deacetylnimbin, which was found to be antifeedant and termiticide against C. curvignathus.