• Title/Summary/Keyword: hero-myth

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The Heroic Journey in Yeats's Cuchulain Plays

  • Du, Lei;Xiao, Yongmei;Kang, Seung-Man
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.181-187
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    • 2021
  • According to Joseph Campbell, there is always a similar pattern in the hero myth, which is called hero's journey. The legends about Cuchulain, the great Irish warrior, also follow this pattern. W. B. Yeats adapts the legends into his plays with Cuchulain as the protagonist. This paper discusses the protagonist's heroic journey in the five Cuchulain plays written by Yeats. In the five plays, Cuchulain grows, matures, weakens, dies, and resurrects, completing and meanwhile sublimating his heroic journey. In At the Hawk's Well, Cuchulain shows potential qualities of a hero. The Green Helmet displays his self-growth through the depiction of his heroic merits which make him a true hero. In On Baile's Strand, the hero suffers from the major frustrations and tribulations in his heroic journey and is stricken down consequently. The Only Jealousy of Emer reflects the hero's inner struggle and vulnerability. The last play, The Death of Cuchulainn, marks the end and reincarnation of the hero's life. Through the depiction of Cuchulain's heroic journey in the five plays, his heroic qualities are well demonstrated. Meanwhile, Yeats's views of heroism can be found as well.

American Myth and the Spectatorship of SF Films: Reviewing Star Wars and "Deep Space Homer" of The Simpsons (미국적 신화의 관점에서 본 SF영화의 관객성 -『스타워즈』와 『심슨가족』의 "우주비행사 호머"를 중심으로)

  • Choe, Youngjeen
    • Journal of English Language & Literature
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.461-482
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    • 2008
  • The science fiction was established as a typical genre of the American popular culture by the monumental releases of two series: Star Wars and Star Trek. Based on the popular science discourse, these two series have functioned as an ideological apparatus for re-appropriating Frontierism which reflects the essential values of American myth. Arguably, the SF genre owes its success mainly to the increasing popularity of science during the 1960s and 1970s, which was well represented in the space project of NASA. This power of popular science, however, tended to weaken in the 1990s as the public interest in NASA's project gradually decreased. "Deep Space Homer," an episode of The Simpson's fifth season, reflects the changing attitude of the American audience toward the new American hero created in the SF series of popular science in the previous popular culture.

Kangjeungsan(姜甑山)'s Embracement of Chinese Myth and It's Meaning (강증산(姜甑山)의 중국신화 수용과 그 의미)

  • Jung, Jae-seo
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.25_1
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2015
  • This paper took Jeonkyeong (典經) of Daesunjinrihoe(大巡眞理會) as the basic text and studied how Kangjeungsan(姜甑山), the Sangje (上帝), had embraced Chinese myth in process of formation of his religious thought focusing on Yan Emperor(炎帝) Shennong(神農) myth and Shanrangang(禪讓) myth (namely Danchu myth). First when we examine the myth surrounding Kangjeungsan's birth, it deeply emraced a feeling-birth myth(感生神話), we could realize that this is a universe motif through myth of hero birth in East Asia. Further judging from the analysis of geographic space of Kangjeungsan's activity, it included a variety of mythical and Daoist related place names. I think this is because of the fact that birth place of Kangjeungsan and the surrounding area is the locality of Xian(仙) tradition where major characters of Danhak sect(丹學派) have been turned out, and that Korean way of Xian suppressed by the regulatory system has been widely rooted in the public. Especially it's interesting that Jeungsan, the pen name of Kangjeungsan, ambiguously connotes Siru mountain(甑山), a place of his training, and the spiritual realm of the 『Zhouyicantongqi(周易參同契)』. Then I examined the God of fire Shennong myth which has been actively admitted and embraced by Kangjeungsan. Kangjeungsan put the root of his pedigree on Shennong and there is a close affinity between Shennong and Dongyi(東夷) such as Buyeo(夫餘), Goguryeo(高句麗), etc. These Dongyi spirits are losers against the Chinese major myth and beings of ressentiment. At the same time the predecessor of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun(九天應元雷聲普化天尊) who shares mythical characteristics with the God of fire Shennong was a formerly Taishi(太師) Wenzhong(聞仲) of Yin(殷) dynasty. He was defeated and died by Zhou(周) dynasty, and was deified. The fact that Kangjeungsan regarded himself as a descendent of Shennong and possessed divinity of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun connotes that he represents all beings of ressentiment such as family of Yin and Dongyi. However, Kangjeungsan set a religious milestone by turning revenge for such ressentiment at tribe level into religious sublimation. At the end Shanrang myth which has been critically embraced by Kangjeungsan was reviewed. According to the existing Shanrang myth, Danchu(丹朱) was unworthy and not succeeded in the succession to the throne. Then good natured Emperor Shun(舜) succeeded to the throne from Emperor Yao(堯). However, the reality of Shanrang myth was a violent change of sovereign power and Danchu was a victim in the process of such violent change. Kangjeungsan shrewdly grasped the reality of ancient China and cast light on presence of Danchu. And he emphasized the need of religious sublimation of revenge, Haewon(解冤). His such awareness of culture had a close relation with revisionist standpoint of independent Danhak sect expressing a skeptical glance at systematic, commensurate and authentic historical view of Chinese civilization. And further Kangjeungsan cosmologically and causationally reinterpreted revenge of Danchu. He established a universal salvation theology which has a corresponsive connotation in regard to embracement of Shennong myth. In conclusion, embracement of Chinese myth by Kangjeungsan was a creative work of reinterpretation resulting in an inherent religious connotation through a process of appropriation, that is independent and selective introjection.

A Case Study of Sandplay Therapy for a Boy in an Elementary School with Social and Emotional Difficulties (사회성과 정서에 어려움이 있는 초등학생 남아의 모래놀이치료 사례연구)

  • Kim, Shin Hwa;Sim, Hee-og
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.56 no.6
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    • pp.589-601
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    • 2018
  • This study explored the internal world through sandplay therapy for an elementary school boy who had social and emotional difficulties of poor peer relations, anxiety and withdrawal. This study examined the changing processes of sandboxes, how a boy expressed his internal world by the content themes in sandplay according to Turner (2009) based on analytical psychology and sandplay theories. There were 72 sessions. The initial phase was 1-6 (The beginning of war) expressing confusing wars as the start of a long internal journey. The intermediate phase was 7-55 (Struggle), dividing by phase I 7-18 (Hero's fight I), phase II 19-36 (Hero's fight II), phase III 37-48 (Seeking for a male identity), and phase IV 49-55 (Centering). The client identified himself as a teenaged hero and expressed the conflict between good and bad, between death and rebirth and struggled for seeking treasures in the fight of heroes. He found identity as a male by finding a sense of existence, establishing order in the middle of confusion, and expressing strong and rational masculinity. The final phase was 56-72 (The winner of the struggle). In the fights repeating, he expressed an adventurous and positive male energy such as racing, speed contests and a union in the opposites of hero and heroine as well as the birth of a new conscious. This study provides a basic knowledge of educational guidance in school and counseling fields by expanding the understanding of a boy's unconsciousness.

A study on game narratives in a structuralism mythologic perspective (게임 서사에 대한 구조주의 신화론적 고찰)

  • Kim, Dae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Game Society
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.3-14
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    • 2009
  • This study examines how game narratives are analyzed in a structuralism mythology and make theoretical bases which can explain game narratives, and finds out the meaning of myths in game narratives. Many studies on the relationship between games and myth have been researched. However, these are meaningful in terms of how myths are reflected on narratives as a hero narrative. This article investigated the relationships between game narratives and the theories of Levi-Strauss and Gilbert Durand who are structuralism mythologists. As a result, restructuring and synchronicity on the structuralism mythology can explain game narratives which are different from written language narrative, and myth, a spoken literature, is meaningful in that it restructures the forgotten orality in game narratives.

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Visualization research based on hero tale stories in a fantasy movie (영웅서사구조 중심으로 하는 판타지영화의 시각화 연구)

  • Han, Myung-Hee
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2010
  • The digital contents industry already heads toward the OSMU(One Source Multi Use) method of media. In case the success of the original novel recreates to a movie, the success of a movie is again noticed with the original novel. For this reason, a novel and movie are open at the same time, In this paper, we analyze through the case study of three fantasy films having the narrative structure of the germane myth : The Lord of The Rings, Harry Potter, The Chronicles Of Narnia based on the analysis basis : Hero's Journey 12 steps by J. Campbell, The analysis of scenes of each film visualizing the narrative structure of a novel can be used as the basic materials in the process of visualizing the scale of the original and message of a writer, we consequently believe that these analysis will be able to be applied the appropriate visual techniques (the special effect, the scene tractions, and etc.)in visualization of films.

Heracles' Madness and War Neurosis (헤라클레스의 광기와 전쟁신경증)

  • Kim, Bong-Ryul
    • Journal of English Language & Literature
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    • v.57 no.5
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    • pp.889-910
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    • 2011
  • Heracles has been adored as one of the bravest mythical heroes all times and all places because it was thought that he protected his people and lands from invasion, plunder, or enslavement. However, I argue Heracles should be criticized as a war machine of violence and murder. War is homicide itself, which means humans kill humans, unlike other violent and sensual animals such as dogs, apes or pigs. It is ironically ambivalent to celebrate an excellent hero in homicide in this age of nuclear weapons. This irony leads to S. Freud's 'Death instinct' or Malcolm Potts's 'war genes'. Unlike Freud, Malcolm Potts insists that humans' war genes can be changed into peace genes because they were just remains of Stone Age. According to Apollodoros' myth or Euripides' tragedies, he was mad enough to kill his own sons and wife after he had murdered the king Lycos in Thebes. Though Rene Girard says that his madness was derived from contagion of violence and blood, I think that his madness came from horrible experiences of cruel wars as well as Hera's maltreatment in his childhood. It will be demonstrated to be war neurosis, that is, PTSD(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder). In a different way from the modern media in which Heracles is being glorified as a purest macho and war machine, his old myths show the ambivalence of his violence and murder, and his daily misfortunes owing to his madness. In this sense, his myth is a kind of warning to the humans not to kill each other, or to stop wars.

A Study on Korean Shamanistic Myth 'Woencheongang-Bonpuri' from a Perspective of Analytical Psychology (원천강(袁天綱)본풀이(本解)의 분석심리학적 관점에서의 고찰)

  • Kwang Ja Lee
    • Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.46-81
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    • 2014
  • The 'Woencheongang-Bonpuri' is one of the shamanistic myths in Cheju Island. That is a history of ancestor God of the 'Woencheongang'. This myth contains a shaman's initiation. And we can find important archetypal images in it. There are a child, old wise woman, book, water, tree, snake, Yakwangju which is a gem that emits light in the dark, dragon, hierogamy, goddess, time, etc. I've tried to interpret these images through the method of amplification from the perspective of analytical psychology. A heroine of this shamanistic myth is 'Ohnuri' that means 'today'. When she came out from the earth, she was a 'abandoned child' which is a 'hero-motif' in the fairytale and also a theme of individuation process in the analytical psychology. In the mean time, she grew up with helps of the nature, crane, and 'Yakwangju'. One day, she was found in the field by the people. They gave her a name of 'Ohnuri' and one day, an old wise woman told her how to go to her parents. On her way to the 'Woencheongang' where her parents regulate four seasons, she had met many characters which were in stuck. They told willingly Ohnuri a way to go to the 'Woencheongang'. Instead, they wanted to get solutions of their difficult problems. Finally, she met her parents in the 'Woencheongang' with joy and they taught her how to solve problems. Therefore, all characters in this myth could go on their own individuation process fortunately with help of the Whoencheongang's wisdom. In the meanwhile, Ohnuri got Lotus and Yakwangju and then she transformed to the goddess of the highest of the heavenly gods. Then she had helped people who get in trouble. In this way, the 'Woencheon-Bonpuri' was psychologically interpreted from aspect of analytical psychology.

Dreams of Admiral Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598) in Nanjung Ilgi (Diary in War Time) and Some Aspects of His Personality: From Jungian Viewpoint (≪난중일기≫에서 본 이순신의 꿈과 인격의 몇 가지 측면: 분석심리학적 입장에서)

  • Bou-Yong Rhi
    • Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.99-148
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    • 2022
  • This study aims at the psychological elucidation of some conscious aspects of the personality of Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598), the Korean national hero, and the unconscious teleologic meanings of his dreams mentioned in Nanjung Ilgi (Diary in War Time) from the viewpoint of analytical psychology of C.G. Jung. Yi Sun-sin was a man of discipline, incorporated with the spirit of Confucian filial piety, hyo (hsiao) and royalty, chung. He was a stern man but with a warm heart. In his diary, Yi Sun-sin poured forth his feelings of suffering, despair, and extreme solicitude caused by slanders of his political opponents, his grief for the loss of mother and son, and his worries about the fate of his country, which the Japanese invaders now plundered. The moon night offered him the opportunity to touch with his inner soul, by reciting poems, playing Korean string, 'Keomungo', and flute. Further, he widened his scope by asking for the answers from the 'Heaven' through divination and dream. Yi Sun-sin's attitude toward his mother who raised the future hero and maternal principles were considered in concern with the Jungian term 'mother complex'. Won Gyun, Yi Sun-sin's rival admiral, who persistently accused Yi Sun-sin of 'slanders,' certainly represents the unconscious shadow image of Yi Sun-sin. The reciprocal 'shadow' projection has intervened in the conflicting relationship between Yi and Won. In concern to the argument for the suicidal death of Yi Sun-sin, the author found no evidence supporting such an argument, No trace of latent suicidal wish was found in his dreams. For Yi Sun-sin, the determination of the life and death depends on Heaven. 32 dreams from the diary and 3 from other historical references were reviewed and analyzed in the Jungian way. Symbols of anima, Self, and individuation process were found. His dream repeatedly suggests that Yi Sun-sin is an extraordinary man chosen by the divine man (神人). In the dream, Yi Sun-sin was a disciple of the divine man receiving instructions on various strategies, and he alone could see the great thing or events. The dream of a beautiful blue and red dragon, whom he was friendly touching, indicates Yi Sun-sin's eligibility for the kingship. Yi Sun-sin seemingly did not aware of this message of the unconscious. Perhaps he sensed something special but did not identify with 'the disciple of gods' and 'royal dragon' in his dream. His modest attitude toward the dream has prevented him from falling into ego inflation. There were warning signals in two dreams that suggested disorders in the dreamer's instinctive feminine drive. Spirits of the dead father and brothers appear in the dream, giving advice or mourning for the death of Sun-sin's mother. Though Yi Sun-sin was a genuine Confucian gentleman, a dream revealed his unconscious drive to destroy the Confucian authoritative 'Persona' by trampling down the cylindrical traditional Korean hat. To the dreams of synchronicity phenomena Yi Sun-sin immediately solves the problem in concrete reality. He understood dreams as valuable messages from the superior entity, for example, the Confucian Heaven (天) or Heaven's Decree (天命). Furthermore, the 'Heaven' presumably arranged for him the way to the national hero and imposed necessary trials upon him. Both his persecutors and advocates of him guided him in the way of a hero. Yi Sun-sin followed his destiny and completed the living myth of the hero. His mother, King Seon-jo, and prime minister Liu Seong Yong, all have contributed to embodying the myth of the hero. Yi Sun-sin died and became god, the divine healer of the nation.

Analysis on Narrative Structure of TV Audition Reality Show : Focusing on the and (텔레비전 오디션 리얼리티 쇼의 서사구조 분석 : <스타오디션 위대한 탄생>과 <슈퍼스타 K2>를 중심으로)

  • Choi, So-Mang;Kang, Seung-Mook
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.120-131
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    • 2012
  • This study has attempted to explore the way to construct the reality and its implication of the narrative elements in TV Audition Reality Show. According to the study results, first of all, two audition reality show has added the special tasks to characters based on the competition and has developed the dramatic events sequentially. And they has suggested the course of way between survival and fail, that is, inclusion and exclusion. As that results, audiences has be immersed in the process of the justification of the star(hero) myth and the dealings of musical elements to see dramatized show of narrative. And they knew audition reality show as non-real fiction, so they enjoyed the pleasure spontaneously. These means that the empowered media reproduced the illusion like star(hero) with the purpose of the commercial and political aim and one of the ideology to acquiesce in the appropriateness of the competition.