• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.947-951
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• 2015

This study presents proper irrigation interval for the soil condition of green roof system and the smooth growth of the landscaping herbaceous plants available and reveal the need for irrigation in rooftop conditions. Twenty kinds of greenery plants are tested on ground paved wood panels where rain and wind shielder is installed. Before test, irrigation is conducted fully to experimental plants and then soil moisture in pot is measured after every ten minutes. In conclusion, it is suggested that the irrigation has to be carried out every 4~5 days in order to minimize water and heat stress of plants. Also, irrigation management is an essential prerequisite for good condition and the smooth growth of plants and environmental effects in green roof system.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.521-535
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study investigated plant type and color preference and conducted a psychological assessment for gardening activities of firefighters in a high-risk occupational group. Methods: A survey was conducted on 117 firefighters aged 39.01±9.17 in Sunchang in March 2020 to examine their preferences in plant type and color and conduct a psychological assessment of firefighters on gardening activities. Results: For plant experience and awareness, plant-related event showed the highest score, followed by plant preference tendency and plant growing experience. The level of plant gardening activities was higher among older age and higher job position. As a result of examining the quality of life according to the demographic characteristic with WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument), it was found that the quality of life was higher among the 20s-30s than 50s, firefighter position than fire lieutenant or higher, those with higher average monthly income, and the singles group than married (p < .05). The administration group showed lower scores than the fire suppression group working in the field, showing statistical significance. Most firefighters showed high preference for herbal plants among the 12 types of flowering plants, in the order of Rosmarinus officinalis>Lavandula spp.>Mentha piperita, Calendula officinalis. Pelargonium spp. was preferred the least out of the flowering plants, Lycopersicon esculentum was preferred the most out of 12 types of vegetable plants, while Angelica acutiloba was preferred the least statistical significance. For the preference of plant colors, yellow was the most preferred color, followed by white, blue, orange, red, and green, showing statistical significance. For the psychological survey responses of emotion words toward 6 plants colors, it was found that 'bright' was the emotion felt most strongly by the white, yellow, and orange groups, 'calm' and 'comfortable' by the green and blue groups, and 'fancy' by the red group. Conclusion: The effect of agro-healing programs can be increased by using mostly yellow plants when creating indoor healing gardens at the workplaces of fire officials in a high-risk occupational group, and using herbal plants and Lycopersicon esculentum in the gardens for agro-healing activities.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Plant growth and development strongly influenced by light quantity and its spectral composition. Young tomato plants were cultivated in growth cabinets under artificial light provided by red and blue light emitting diodes(LEDs) during 12 hours, then plants were exposed to monochromatic ultraviolet, blue, green and red lights as an end-of-day(EOD) treatment during 4 hours to study their effect on plant growth parameters. EOD lighting from various LEDs increased total fresh and dry weights as well as assimilation area compared to those in control. Blue light increased stem height, internode length and stem diameter. Monochromatic UV-A light reduced stem elongation, highly increased stomatal conductance. Compactness and health index of young tomato plants were increased in UV-A and red light treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.22-26
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• 1998

The medicinal plants have been used as drugs for thousands of years and many of them are used in traditional medicines. How long are these medicinal plants used as drugs\ulcorner Ebers papyrus (BC 1550) is one of the oldest documents which described more than 700 kinds of herbal drugs. Some of herbal medicines described in the papyrus are familiar and ‘Opium’ is a good example. Some of the drugs described in the papyrus are hardly recognized as drugs by the standard of present day. We can trace back the history of medicinal plants from quite different approach. The investigations on group behavior of chimpanzees in Africa by ‘The Primate Institute of Kyoto University’ has revealed that chimpanzees suffered illness take specific plants which are not taken as daily food stuff. The chemical analysis clarified that the plants contain very bitter constituents and suggested that chimpanzees take medicinal plants to cure their illness. It is worth to note that young chimpanzees just learn what elder ones take when they suffer illness, but elders never teach to their children! It is no doubt that the chimpanzee's medicinal plants were found by random, and try and error screening. The medicinal plants found in this study have been used as herbal medicines by the peoples in the region.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 2016

In 2010 and 2012, damping-off symptoms were found on melon seedlings grown in Yeongam and Suncheon, Korea. Water-soaked and discolored lesions appeared on the lower stems of the infected plants. The diseased plants became wilted and stunted, and eventually collapsed. On the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and cytochrome oxidase II (cox2) sequences, the causal organism was identified as Pythium spinosum. The isolates were pathogenic to melon under pot conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. spinosum causing damping-off on melon in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.430-441
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of natural bioactive products such as Manda enzyme (T1), Yangmyeongwon (T2), effective microorganisms (T3), and Kelpak (T4) on the growth and ginsenoside contents of Panax ginseng cultured in an aeroponic system using a two-layer vertical type of nutrient bath under natural light conditions. The growth of ginseng plants showed specific characteristics according to the positions in which they were cultured due to the difference of light transmittance and temperature in the upper and lower layers during aeroponic culture in a two-layer vertical type of system. The growth of the aerial part of the leaves and stems of ginseng plants cultured in the lower layer (4,000 to 6,000 lx, $23^{\circ}C$ to $26^{\circ}C$) of the nutrient bath was observed to be superior to that of the ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer (12,000 to 15,000 lx, $25^{\circ}C$ to $28^{\circ}C$). The leaf area was significantly larger in the treatment of T2 and T4 (46.70 $cm^2$) than with other treatments. Conversely, the values of the root weight and root diameter were higher in ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer of the nutrient bath. The root weight was significantly heavier in the treatment of T4 (6.46 g) and T3 (6.26 g) than with other treatments. The total ginsenoside content in the leaves and roots was highest in the ginseng plants cultured by the treatment of T1, at 16.20%, while the total ginsenoside content obtained by other treatments decreased in the order of T4, T5 (control), T2, and T3, at 13.21%, 12.30%, 14.84%, and 14.86%, respectively. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaves was found to be significantly higher in the treatment of T1 in the lower layer of the nutrient bath, at 15.30%, while the content of the ginseng roots in the treatments of T3 and T4, at 1.27% and 1.23%, respectively, was significantly higher than in other treatments in the upper layer of the nutrient bath.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.404-411
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• 2019

Background: In September 2017, wilting and rhizome rot symptoms were observed on Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. in Jecheon-si and Eumseong-gun. This study was carried out to isolate hitherto unidentified pathogenic fungi from A. macrocephala and to test the pathogenicity of isolated fungi against Atractylodes spp. genus such as A. macrocephala, A. japonica, and their interspecific hybrids. Methods and Results: The diseased plants were washed with running tap water, and the boundary between the healthy area and the diseased area was cut while the pathogens were isolated by growing cultures from the diseased areas on Phytophthora semi-selective medium. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolates was used in this study for identification. Test plants were cultivated in the glasshouse at 20℃ - 30℃ for 4 months and then used for pathogenicity test. The pots with plants inoculated with mycelial plugs and zoospores were placed at 25℃ for 48 h in a dew chamber where relative humidity was above 95%, and then moved into the glasshouse at 20℃ - 30℃. The presence or absence of pathogenicity of the strains was determined by evaluating the symptom of plant wilting. The inoculation test was performed in three replicates with a non-treated control. Conclusions: On the basis of results of ITS sequence analysis, the strains isolated from the diseased plants was identified as Phytophthora sansomeana. Biological assay using test plants confirmed the pathogenicity of P. sansomeana against Atractylodes macrocephala. This is the first report of rhizome rot in A. macrocephala caused by P. sansomeana.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2015

Using the Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) cultivar 'Chun-goang' as a host and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a pathogen, we studied the effects of ambient temperature ($13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$) on disease intensity and the speed of systemic infection. The optimal temperature for symptom expression of TuMV was $18-28^{\circ}C$. However, symptoms of viral infection were initiated at $23-28^{\circ}C$ and 6 days post infection (dpi). Plants maintained at $33^{\circ}C$ were systemically infected as early as 6 dpi and remained symptomless until 12 or 22 dpi, depending on growth stage at the time of inoculation. It took 45 days for infection of plants grown at $13^{\circ}C$. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) results showed that the accumulation of virus coat protein was greater in plants grown at $23-28^{\circ}C$. The speed of systemic infection increased linearly with rising ambient temperature, up to $23^{\circ}C$. The zero-infection temperature was $10.1^{\circ}C$. To study the effects of abruptly elevated temperatures on systemic infection, plants inoculated with TuMV were maintained at $10^{\circ}C$ for 20 d; transferred to a growth chamber at temperatures of $13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$, or $33^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, or 3 d; and then moved back to $10^{\circ}C$. The numbers of plants infected increased as duration of exposure to higher temperatures and dpi increased.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.615-624
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• 2020

Background and objective: Urbanization caused a reduction in urban green space and a lack of community spaces. An attempt to solve these problems, urban gardens, have become popular and are currently being implemented in various downtown areas. However, urban gardens have some inadequate aspects from a visual or landscape perspective. The goal of this study was to examine the possibility of an aesthetic and productive garden space by introducing cultivation methods through the planting system design process. Methods: The design process using plants was classified and presented to suggest the importance of the landscape and aesthetic value. An urban garden space was designed according to the perspective of 'production scenery' and 'participation aesthetics'. According to the characteristics of the plant, urban gardens were divided into vertical type (corn, millet, sorghum), climbing type (kidney bean, cucumber, bitter gourd), and runner type (melon, watermelon, peanut). After classifying plants according to the shape of the root, the structure supporting climbing was installed and the crops were cultivated in an upright form with a tunnel. Results: In the designed cultivation, each crop cooperates, without invading each other's space. Compared with the conventional cultivation, there was little difference in production, and management was made more convenient since weed outbreaks were effectively suppressed while runner type crops cover over the land's surface. Since the positions of each crop are clearly distinguished, the aesthetic value is improved by offering a sense of rhythm with a balanced design. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cultivation methods through the plant system design process have aesthetic as well as productive value, and the design using plants, an infinite living resource, could lead to an expansion of the design field. Moreover, it would enable a sustainable symbiosis between industry and environment. There is potential for the design industry to make significant progress through collaboration with agriculture, horticulture, and landscape architecture.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.288-292
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• 2003

We compared the antitumor activity between hollow fiber assay and xenographic animal assay on thirty herbal plants. It is evaluated that the antitumor activity of above 30% is regarded as 'positive response', and its of below 30% is regarded as 'negative response'. The two herbal plants extracts (Ulmus davidiana Hedyotis diffusa) among thirty herbal plants show to be positive in xenographic animal assay and they were also correctly identified as positive by the hollow fiber assay. The correlation of the hollow fiber assay data with xenographic animal assay would suggest that hollow fiber assay presents a potentially unique tool to develop the herbal medicine for cancer.