• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2008

Objective : To overcome the limit which is unaware of the herbal effects intensity of Traditional study based on "Yakdaeron(藥對論)", classification methods based on the curative effects, we aimed to express the herbal formula's effects numerically, compare one herbal formula with other herbal formulas and calculate the herbal effects and the herbal effects intensity by using conception, weight of the herbal effects. Method : We calculated the herbal effects through the proportion of each herbal quantity to whole quantity of the herbal formula and weight of the herbal effects through frequency and quantity in use on specific herbal effects field and the other herbal effects fields. We applied the weight of the herbal effects to calculating the herbal effects through the proportion of each herbal quantity to whole quantity of the herbal formula. Results : We expressed the herbal formula's effects numerically. By giving weight to the herbal effects, we found that 3-4 major effects among 4-5 major effects are ranked in 5th.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to find out whether normal saline(NS) acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture(CC). Methods : NS and CC were injected into Quchi($LI_{11}$) of the subjects. The subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation(hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing) and side effects. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation and side effects between two groups. Results : As for CC most of the acupuncture sensation items were not significantly different from NS especially in less acupuncture-experienced subjects(average 2, below 10 time experiences) rather than more acupuncture-experienced subjects(above 10 time experiences). Conclusions : We found that NS might be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in small amount of acupuncture-experienced subjects. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in more acupuncture-experienced subjects.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.35-50
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• 2010

By grouping freshly the virtue terms used in herbal medicine, we are apt to establish the position coordinates of concepts and raise the level of the herbal virtue research in future. As the terms related to the herbal virtue used in herbal medicine are used with the virtue terms mingled with the chief treatable disease terms, it's hard to use the herbal virtue data only. And though the virtues terms imply many data like medical act data or medical operation data, we can't use them fully. We sort the terms related to the herbal virtue into the virtue terms and the chief treatable disease terms and acquire many data like medical act data or medical operation data and group the data by same attribute. At this time in the process of classification we establish sort standards inductively, put relations between the attributes in order, out of this result we grasp the actual conditions of the virtue terms used now, and show useful data for herbal virtue research in future. We got the chief treatable disease terms from the ones related to the herbal virtue, acquired a lot of data from the virtue terms and grouped the data by the same attribute. We established a proper standard inductively in the process of classification, put the relations between the attributes in order, grasped the actual conditions of the virtue terms in use at the moment out of the result of the classification and presented the applicable data for the herbal virtue research in future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2015

Using the Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) cultivar 'Chun-goang' as a host and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a pathogen, we studied the effects of ambient temperature ($13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$) on disease intensity and the speed of systemic infection. The optimal temperature for symptom expression of TuMV was $18-28^{\circ}C$. However, symptoms of viral infection were initiated at $23-28^{\circ}C$ and 6 days post infection (dpi). Plants maintained at $33^{\circ}C$ were systemically infected as early as 6 dpi and remained symptomless until 12 or 22 dpi, depending on growth stage at the time of inoculation. It took 45 days for infection of plants grown at $13^{\circ}C$. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) results showed that the accumulation of virus coat protein was greater in plants grown at $23-28^{\circ}C$. The speed of systemic infection increased linearly with rising ambient temperature, up to $23^{\circ}C$. The zero-infection temperature was $10.1^{\circ}C$. To study the effects of abruptly elevated temperatures on systemic infection, plants inoculated with TuMV were maintained at $10^{\circ}C$ for 20 d; transferred to a growth chamber at temperatures of $13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$, or $33^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, or 3 d; and then moved back to $10^{\circ}C$. The numbers of plants infected increased as duration of exposure to higher temperatures and dpi increased.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2018

Introduction: This case report assessed the effects of Korean medicine treatments on a chronic migraine patient who did not respond to triptan. Case Presentation: The patient received Korean medicine treatments, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and herbal medication, during a hospitalization period. The effects of treatments were assessed with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and migraine attack frequency. The intensity and attack frequency of migraines were significantly reduced after the complete treatment. Conclusions: For migraines, Korean medicine such as acupuncture and herbal medication could be an alternative to conventional therapy.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-17
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate effects of 'Soyeum' on cancer patients accompanied by pain. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 9 patients accompanied by pain who had been injected with 'Soyeum' for over 14 days continuously in East-West Cancer Center of Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University from June 2002 through august 2002. Results : The statistical significance between the pre-treatment and post-treatment results (Changes of Cytokine Level, QOL, BPQ and Pain relief after pain management) were analyzed. Analysis of cytokines (IL-12, IFN- ) level showed that the percentage of increase of lL-12 is $60\%$, IFN- is $60\%$. Analysis of QOL showed that the percentage of maintenance and improvement is $77.8\%$. $55.5\%$ of the patients reported a 'worst pain' intensity score of 3 or greater, $44.5\%$ reported a 'least pain' intensity score of 2 or greater, and $66.7\%$ reported 'average pain' intensity score of 2 or greater. $33.3\%$ of the patients were in pain at the time of interview and $22.2\%$ had a current intensity score of 2 or greater. Analysis of pain relief after pain management showed that the percentage of pain relief score of 2 and 3 is $55.6\%$. The data was expressed as Mean SE by using descriptive statistics. Statistical significance examined by using paired t-test. Conclusions : It is suggested that 'Soyeum' has effects on pain of cancer patients, also expected that 'Soyeum' is useful to improve immunoactivity and for cancer patients

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.448-454
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• 2021

This study was conducted to the effect of low air temperature and light intensity conditions on yield and quality of tomato at the early stage of growth in Korea. Inplastic greenhouses, low temperature and low temperature with shade treatments were performed from 17 to 42 days after plant. Tomato growing degree days were decreased 5.5% due to cold treatment during the treatment period. Light intensity decreased 74.7% of growing degree days due to shade. After commencing treatments, the plant growth decreased by low temperature and low radiation except for height. Analysis of the yield showed that the first harvest date was the same, but the yield of the control was 3.3 times higher than low temperature with shade treatment. The cumulative yields at 87 days after transplanting were 1734, 1131, and 854 g per plant for control, low temperature, and low temperature with shade, respectively. The sugar and acidity of tomatoes did not differ between treatment and harvesting season. To investigate the photosynthetic characteristics according to the treatment, the carbon dioxide reaction curve was analyzed using the biochemical model of the photosynthetic rate. The results showed that the maximum photosynthetic rate, J (electric transportation rate), TPU (triose phosphate utilization), and R_d (dark respiration rate) did not show any difference with temperature, but were reduced by shading. Vcmax (maximum carboxylation rate) was decreased depending on the low temperature and the shade. Results indicated that low temperature and light intensity at the early growth stage can be inhibited the growth in the early stage but this phenomenon might be recovered afterward. The yield was reduced by low temperature and low intensity and there was no difference in quality.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.295-311
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• 2019

Objectives: This research aimed to investigate Chinese clinical studies on the treatment of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) and thalamic syndrome after stroke with traditional herbal medicine (THM). Methods: Randomized controlled trials verifying the effects of herbal medicine on treating CPSP and thalamic syndrome after stroke were included in the study. Electrical and hand search were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), National Discovery for Science Leaders (NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (Oasis) for CPSP and thalamic syndrome after stroke. A literature search was performed in the Chinese and Korean databases for papers published from January 1, 2010 to October 1, 2018. The selected literature was assessed by Cochrane's risk of bias. Results: Twelve reports on randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria from the 227 identified reports. Effective rate, comparison of visual analogy scale, present pain intensity, pain grading index, recurrence rate, follow-up, and a 36-item short form survey instrument were used to evaluate the treatments. The effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group in all papers. Side effects occurred less frequently in the treatment group than in the western medicine control group. Conclusions: The treatment of CPSP and thalamic syndrome after stroke with THM was shown to be highly effective. Additional well-designed clinical trials are needed. This study can be used as a basis for further research on the treatment of CPSP and thalamic syndrome after stroke.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.201-218
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Guibi-Tang(GBT) on focal brain ischemic injury induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Methods : The ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, normal group(n=8); control group was ischemia induced and no treatment(n=8); GBT 1X group was ischemia induced and administrated 42.2 mg/ml/kg of Guibi-Tang orally(n=8); GBT 3X group was ischemia induced and administrated 126.6 mg/ml/kg of Guibi-Tang orally(n=8); GBT 6X group was ischemia induced and administrated 253.2 mg/ml/kg of Guibi-Tang orally(n=8) for 21 days. mGluR5, Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome C were investigated to observe the effects of Guibi-Tang on apoptosis. The effects of Guibi-Tang on neuroprotective/apoptotic agents in cresyl violet, choline acetyltranferase(ChAT) with ischemic injury were investigated. Results : The intensity of mGluR5 mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 was increased in normal and GBT(Guibi-Tang) 1X groups compared with the control group. The intensity of Bax mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 was decreased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. However it was increased unexpectedly in GBT 3X group. The intensity of Bcl-2 mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 was increased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. The intensity of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampal CA1 was decreased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. The intensity of cytochrome C protein in the hippocampal CA1 was decreased in normal, GBT 1X and GBT 6X groups compared with the control group. The density of neurons stained by cresyl violet and ChAT was increased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Guibi-Tang may have protective effect on vascular dementia.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.246-252
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• 2006

Processing of traditional herbal medicine is one of the pharmaceutical technique in oriental medicine. Most frequently used processing method in oriental medicine are roasting and steaming. In this studies, to elucidate the pharmacological transformation of traditional herbal medicine by means of processing them, Ginseng Radix (root of Panax ginseng, Araliaceae) was used as a sample. Processed ginseng radix (SGR, Sun Ginseng) was prepared by steaming of roots of white ginseng (GR) for 3 hours at $120^{\circ}C$. The biological activities of methanol extract of GR and SGR were investigated. According to DPPH radical scavenging effects, and inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase and AAPH induced hemolysis, PGR exhibited more effective than those of GR in vitro. And, the antifatigue effect of GR and SGR were investigated using a weight-loading forced swimming test by monitoring swimming times and prolonged intensity exercise model rats by measuring blood biochemical parameters. GR and SGR were significantly prolonged swimming times in 8% body weight ratio loaded mice. Also, they had the inhibitory effects on the decrease of blood glucose levels, the elevation of serum creatinine, lactic acid and free fatty acid, and lactic dehydrogenase activities in forces swimming rats with 1% of the body weight attached to the neck for 3 hours. SGR was more excellent than GR on these effect. Also, these effects were transformed to the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract of SGR. From these results, it can be considered that SGR has antifatigue effect.