• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood pressure reducing effect of Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan (QJDHW) in adults with essential hypertension by using methods of systemic review and meta-analysis. Major search engines, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI, CiNii, J-STAGE, KISS, NDSL, RISS, OASIS, DBpia and so on, were used. The search period we used is from the start date of the search engine to October 30, 2016 and no language limits were placed. Randomized controlled trials using QJDHW in adults with essential hypertension were searched and extracted by two independent researchers. Meta-analysis was performed on outcome variables of the total effective rate (TER), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Risk of bias (RoB) of Cochrane was used to assess methodological quality. Thirteen studies were finally selected. We observed that the combined treatment of QJDHW and antihypertensive drug had 3.6 times the odds ratio of TER for blood pressure lowering than a single use of an antihypertensive drug. Additionally, mean differences of SBP and DBP were -8.88 mmHg (95% Confidential Interval (CI) -12.77 mmHg, -5.00 mmHg, P<0.00001), -7.09 mmHg (95% CI -9.93, -4.25, P <0.00001), respectively. Single use of QJDHW did not reduce blood pressure more than an antihypertensive drug. All items of RoB were unclear and the methodological quality was low. Our analysis suggests that the combination of QJDHW and antihypertensive drugs may be more effective in reducing blood pressure than a single antihypertensive drug. But due to low methodological quality, careful interpretation will be needed and systematic long-term clinical trials will be required.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

Objectives Eucommiae cortex is one of the frequently used herbs for musculoskeletal disorders, with well-known anti-inflammatory effect. Meanwhile, powdered form of herbal drugs is more advantageous than decoction form, in that storing and taking is more convenient. Thus, the authors aimed to investigate whether the drying method affects the index compound level and anti-inflammatory effect of eucommiae cortex water extract. Methods Eucommiae cortex was extracted in distilled water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, filtered, and then evaporated under vacuum. One half of the sample was freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$. Another half of the sample was added with dextrin and then spray-dried at $180^{\circ}C$. To assess the possible change in index compound content, pinoresinol diglucoside was selected as the index marker. The content level of the index compound in various extract sample was quantified through high performance liquid chromatography. In addition, iNOS assay in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was adopted to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of various extract samples. Furthermore, MTT assay was performed to confirm that the result of iNOS assay was not due to cytotoxicity. Results There was no significance difference in index compound content between extract samples obtained through two different drying methods. Anti-inflammatory activity of extract samples were similar at the matching concentration, regardless of the drying methods. Extract samples did not show any significant cytotoxicity. Conclusions Extract samples of eucommiae cortex were obtained through freeze-drying and spray-drying. Neither change in index compound content nor difference in anti-inflammatory activity was observed between drying methods.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.276-287
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• 2006

Background & Objective : The herbal medicine Sojukgunbihwan granule has been used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia, generally categorized as a gastric dysmotility disease. However, its mechanisms are not yet well known. Therefore, the effects of Sojukgunbihwan granules on gastric motility in rats was investigated. Methods : The myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle was recorded by a bipolar electrode placed at the gastric antrum of rats. The contractile waves were measured for 30 minutes before and after intragastric administration of each solution(normal saline, Pyungwisan 40mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 60mg/kg) and expressed as the motility index. Gastric emptying was measured by the number of glass beads expelled from the stomach(containing one hundred 1mm glass beads) within an hour after glass beads and test drugs(normal saline, Pyungwisan 40mg/kg, Pyungwisan 120mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 60mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 180mg/kg) were administered. In another series of experiments to evaluate the mechanisms of Sojukgunbihwan granules under delayed conditions, the rats were treated with atropine sulfate(1 mg/kg, s.c.), cisplatin(10mg/kg, i.p.), and NAME($N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 75mg/kg, s.c.) respectively. Results : Intragastric administration of Sojukgunbihwan granules increased the myoelectrical activity significantly, gastric motility index rose 25%, and gastric emptying of glass beads was significantly enhanced over a period of 60minutes. Under the delayed gastric emptying induced by atropine sulfate, cisplatin, and NAME, Sojukgunbihwan granules aggravated gastric emptying in the atropine sulfate($5.71{\pm}3.45\;vs\;3.71{\pm}4.42$) and cisplatin($13.86{\pm}3.53\;vs\;5.14{\pm}5.05$, p<0.01) treated groups, but enhanced gastric emptying in the NAME treated group($5.00{\pm}3.21\;vs\;11.71{\pm}5.65$, p<0.05). Conclusions : Results suggest that Sojukgunbihwan granules stimulate gastric motility through cholinergic and 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors. Results are indicative of Sojukgunbihwan as an especially effective remedy in dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia with impaired reservoir functions such as gastric adaptive relaxation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to report a case that showed improvements in the symptoms of patients with alcoholic hepatitis without any indication of deterioration of the disease. Methods: Western medicine with Urusa tablets and Godex capsules and Korean medicine therapeutic approaches, including Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang, acupuncture, and moxibustion, were administered to a patient during the period of treatment. Blood tests were used to determine levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total cholesterol. Fatigue was measured using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and the patient's total sleeping time was checked, daily. Results: After the combined treatment, the AST/ALT ratio and the AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total cholesterol, and direct bilirubin levels were decreased. Through Oriental medicine for the purpose of improving symptoms, NRS of fatigue decreased from 10 to 5, and the amount of sleeping time increased from 2 to 5 hours. Conclusions: The herbal medicine had no effect on the hepatoprotective drugs such as Urusa tablets and Godex capsules used to treat alcoholic hepatitis, and no adverse reaction from the combined administration was observed. To reduce fatigue and insomnia in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, it might be helpful to combine Western medications with Korean medicine treatments, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.471-475
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• 2013

이 연구는 젤라틴-신남산 접합체를 알긴산나트륨 마이크로스피어에 코팅하여 광 민감성 마이크로스피어를 제조하여 광 민감성을 관찰하였다. 광 민감성 마이크로스피어는 W/O (water-in-oil) 에멀젼법을 이용하여 알긴산나트륨 마이크로스피어를 만든 후 젤라틴-신남산 접합체를 알긴산나트륨 마이크로스피어 표면에 코팅시켜 제조하였다. 젤라틴-신남산 접합체의 합성은 젤라틴의 아미노 그룹과 신남산의 카복실 그룹 사이의 아미드화반응으로 결합하였다. 알긴산나트륨 마이크로스피어 표면의 젤라틴-신남산 접합체의 코팅은 SEM-EDS의 결과로 확인하였다. 또한 형성된 접합체에 결합된 신남산의 흡광도를 측정하여 알긴산나트륨 1 g당 젤라틴-신남산 접합체가 0.13 g이 코팅된 것을 확인했다. 코팅된 마이크로스피어를 SEM을 통해 마이크로스피어의 크기가 $10{\mu}m$인 것을 확인했다. 광 민감성의 관찰을 위해 365 nm와 254 nm 파장의 자외선을 조사하여 이량화 정도를 측정한 결과 이량화 정도가 49%와 28%였다. 마이크로스피어의 방출경향을 관찰하기 위해 모델약물로 FITC-dextran을 사용하여 알긴산나트륨 마이크로스피어에 봉입하여 방출실험을 진행하였고 그 결과 약 42%의 FITC-dextran이 방출되었다. 결과적으로 젤라틴-신남산 접합체가 코팅된 마이크로스피어는 광 반응성을 가지는 약물전달체로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.518-533
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• 2014

대흑산도 지역(북위 $34^{\circ}37^{\prime}{\sim}34^{\circ}42^{\prime}$, 동경 $125^{\circ}23^{\prime}{\sim}125^{\circ}38^{\prime}$)에 자생하는 식물상을 밝히고 주요 식물들의 분포를 파악하였다. 2010년 6월부터 2011년 10월까지 총 22회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 실시한 결과 조사지역의 관속식물은 113과 316속 446종 4아종 43변종 3품종의 총 496분류군으로 정리되었다. 이 중 기존의 조사에서는 발견되지 않았으나 본 조사에서 최초로 밝혀진 분류군은 124분류군이었다. 대흑산도에 자생하는 식물들 중에는 한국특산식물 7분류군, 산림청 지정 희귀식물 6분류군, 환경부 지정 멸종위기 야생식물 II급 1분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물 중 III등급 이상에 해당하는 47분류군 등이 생육하고 있었다. 특히 특산식물 중 떡조팝나무, 흑산도비비추, 홍도원추리, 홍도서덜취 등 4분류군은 한반도에서는 대흑산도를 포함하는 흑산면 도서지역에서만 자생하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 귀화식물은 46분류군이 조사되었다.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2001

Object When angiogenesis is excessive, Cancer, RA, Blindness, Psoriasis, Hemangioma, Diabetic retinopathy, Granulation, etc are induced. On the contrary, when it is insufficient, Stroke, Heart disease, Ulcer, Infertility, Scleroderma, artherosclerosis, delay of the wound recovery, etc occur. In recently, the methods which is control of abnormal angiogenesis are researching actively in relathion to anticancer research. This study is search for effective drugs which suppress this angiogenesis, in the ingredients of the herbs that invigorate and dispel blood stasis using to treat intravascular coagulation in the oriental herbal medicine. Methods We maked 80 % methanole extracts of Cnidii Rhizoma, Olibanum, Myrrha, Corydalidis Tuber, Curcumae Radix, Curcumae longe Rhizoma, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoama, Leonuri Herba, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Trogopterorum Faeces, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Manitis Squama, Eupolyphaga, Hirudo, Tabanus, Lycopi Herba, Artemisiae anomalae herba, Vaccariae Semen, Sappan Lignum, Gleditsiae Spina, Draconis Resina, Leonunari Semen, Selaginelliae Folium, Spatholobi Caulis, and these extracts were tested for MTT viabilaty test, BrdU incorporation, Tube foramtion assay on ECV304(immotalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell) at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$, $400{\mu}g/ml$ Results All extracts except Draconis Resina have no cytotoxicity at the $100{\mu}g/ml$, and in BrdU incorporation test, proliferation rate were reduced below 60% at the concentaraion of $100{\mu}g/ml$ by Zedoariae Rhizoma, Sappan, Lignum Gleditsiae, Spina Draconis Resina Vaccariae Semen. Zedoariae Rhizoma Sappan Lignum Gleditsiae Spina Draconis Resina Vaccariae Semen Olibanum, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix showed inhibition effects on tube formation of ECV304 at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion At the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in which cytotoxicity is not found, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Sappan Lignum, Gleditsiae Spina, Vaccariae Semen showed the inhibition effect on proliferation and tubeformation of ECV304.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2017

Objectives: Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT; Huanglianjiedu-tang, Orengedoku-to), a traditional herbal formula, is used for treating inflammation, hypertension, gastritis, liver dysfunction, cerebrovascular diseases, dermatitis and dementia. The objective of this study was to assess the sub-acute toxicity of HHT in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and its effect on the activities of human microsomal cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Methods: Male and female SD rats were orally administered HHT once daily at doses of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. We analyzed mortality, clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, organ weights, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. The activities of major human CYP450s (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1) and UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4, and UGT2B7) were assessed using in vitro fluorescence- and luminescence-based enzyme assays, respectively. Results: No toxicologically significant changes related to the repeated administration of HHT were observed in both male and female SD rats. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) value was more than 2000 mg/kg/day for both sexes. HHT inhibited the activities of human microsomal CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, whereas it weakly inhibited the activities of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and UGT1A1. In addition, HHT negligibly inhibited the activities of human microsomal UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 with $IC_{50}$ values in excess of $1000{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that HHT may be safe for repeated administration up to 4 weeks. In addition, these findings provide information on the safety and effectiveness of HHT when co-administered with conventional drugs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2009

면역 매개 용혈성 빈혈(IMHA)은 소동물의 빈혈을 일으키는 가장 흔한 원인 중의 하나이고, 면역매계 혈소판 감소증(IMT) 또한 소동물에 영향을 줄 수 있는 면역관련 질환이다. 스테이드제나 다른 면역억제제를 이용한 면역억압이 IMHA와 IMT의 일차적인 치료법이다. 그러나 적절한 약물의 적용에도 불구하고, 몇몇 동물은 치료에 반응이 없어 다른 면역억제제나 대체의학적인 치료가 필요하다. IMHA로 진단 된 8살의 중성화한 샴 고양이와 IMT로 진단된 8살의 킹챨스 스파니엘이 전통수의학진료를 위해 동물병원에 의뢰되었다. 두 동물 모두 스테로이드제나 다른 면역억제제에 반응이 없었다. 그래서 전통한약요법으로 귀비탕을 두 동물에게 적용하였다. 귀비탕 적용 한달 후 고양이의 농축적 혈구용적과 개의 혈소판 수치에 현저한 변화가 나타나기 시작하였다. 귀비탕을 먹이기 시작한 후 4개월 후에도 고양이의 농축 적혈구 용적이 정상으로 유지되었으며, 18개월 후에 측정한 개의 혈소판 수 또한 정상으로 유지되었다. 이 증례로부터 면역혈액질환이 있는 소동물에 있어 귀비탕은 대체요법으로 사용될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권2호통권141호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2005

We have studied the physico-chemical change and pharmacological transformation of traditional herbal medicines with processing. Evodia fruit (EF) has processed for the purpose of detoxification and reduction of its bitter taste. There are various methods of processing EF in Oriental medicinal reference. Among them, we processed EF according to the method of Sang-han theory, the most famous medicinal reference. We processed EF with washing in hot water, and then dried. Processed EFs(PEFs) were prepared according to the above procedure through repetition of 1,3,5 and 7 times respectively. The contents of weight loss, water extract, diluted ethanol extract, ether extract, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alkaloids and limonin in non-processed EF (NPEF) and PEFs were examined. The weight loss, and contents of water extract and dilute ethanol extract in PEF showed decrease in proportion to increase of washing time, while the contents of ether extract, total ash and acid insoluble ash showed little change as compared with those of NPEF. And the content of evodiamine and rutaecarpine was not changed distinctly. However, the content of limonin decreased in the final processed material in proportion to increase of washing times with hot water. And the intense of bitter taste in PEF was also reduced. These results were ascribed to the flowing-out of the water-soluble portion. The biological activities of NPEF and PEF were also investigated. In the test of DPPH scavenging effect, xanthine oxidase inhibition effect and TBA-Rs effect, PEF was more effective than NPEF in vitro. Also, both NPEF and PEF showed potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects against in mice. Especially, PEF by 3 times washing with hot water was more effective than other PEFs. From these results, it is considered that PEF should be prepared by 3 times washing with hot water.