• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.504-508
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• 1995

The electrophoretic patterns of plasma membrane surface proteins of normal rat liver cells and rat hepatomas were compared in 10% non-denaturing and 7-15% gradient non-denaturing gel. Chemical carcinogens, 2-Me DAB (2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene) and DENA (diethylnitrosamine), were used to induce hepatoma in rats. One protein which disappeared in hepatoma was identified in normal rat liver by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. Rabbit antisera were raised against this specific protein, and the protein was purified by Sephacryl S-200 column and immunoaffinity chromatography using the purified antibody. The purified protein showed two bands of molecular weights approximately 50 $kD_{\alpha}$ and 52 $kD_{\alpha}$ by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which reacted specifically with the antibody. However only one band was observed in non-denaturing gel and also in isoelectric focusing with a pI value of 6.6. This study showed the existence of an unique protein on the plasma membrane surface of normal rat liver cells which disappeared in rat hepatomas induced by chemical carcinogens.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2002

To find new inhibitory effects from oriental drugs, Albizziae root was extracted in methanol and the extracted was stepwisely fractionated by hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. In cytotoxic effect of Albizziae root fractions against cancer cell lines including human hepatoma cells(HepG2) were investigated. Expecially the butanol fraction exhibited a inhibition effects on the growth of human hepatoma cells(HepG2). It inhibited of HepG2 cells with the value of IC50. The activities of qutathione after B(a)P treatment were markedly decreased than control, but those levels were increased by the treatment of Albizziae root methanol fraction. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase after B(a)P treatment were markedly decreased than control, but those levels were increased by the treatment of Albizziae root methanol traction. Induction of phase II enzymes is a major mechanism of chemoprevention. The induction levels of quinone reductase(QR) activity in cultured murine hepatoma(Hepa IcIc7)cell by methanol extract of Albizziae root were measured. Among the tested tractions, the extracts of butanol were found to induce QR activities over 2.8 fold than control. These results suggest that Albizziae root has chemopreventive Potential by inducing QR activities and GST levels and increasing GSH

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.530-545
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• 2019

Tumor cells can vary epigenetically during ionizing irradiation (IR) treatment. These epigenetic variegations can influence IR response and shape tumor aggressiveness. However, epigenetic disturbance of histones after IR, implicating in IR responsiveness, has been elusive. Here, we investigate whether altered histone modification after IR can influence radiation responsiveness. The oncogenic CXCL12 mRNA and protein were more highly expressed in residual cancer cells from a hepatoma heterotopic murine tumor microenvironment and coculture of human hepatoma Huh7 and normal IMR90 cells after radiation. H3K4 methylation was also enriched and H3K9 methylation was decreased at its promoter region. Accordingly, invasiveness and the subpopulation of aggressive $CD133^+/CD24^-$ cells increased after IR. Histone demethylase inhibitor IOX1 attenuated CXCL12 expression and the malignant subpopulation, suggesting that responses to IR can be partially mediated via histone modifications. Taken together, radiation-induced histone alterations at the CXCL12 promoter in hepatoma cells are linked to CXCL12 upregulation and increased aggressiveness in the tumor microenvironment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.301-307
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• 2003

Purpose: Lipiodol is used for targeting liver cancers by administrating through the hepatic artery. In the present study, feasibility of Re-188-sulfur colloid suspension in lipiodol as a liver cancer targeting agent was investigated. Materials and Methods: Re-188-sulfur colloid was prepared, harvested by centrifugation, washed with organic solvent and then suspended into lipiodol. Biodistribution of Re-188-sulfur colloid in normal saline and its suspension in lipiodol in mice after 1 hr of injection through the tail vein were investigated. Biodistribution and autoradiography of tumor-hearing liver was acquired after 5 min post-injection into left ventricle of the tumor-inoculated rats. Results: After 1 hr of injection with Re-188-sulfur colloid suspensiob in lipiodol through the tail vein in normal mice (n=3), the uptakes in the liver and lung were $5.2{\pm}0.7\;and\;91.0{\pm}1.7%$ ID/organ, respectively. After 5 min of injection with Re-188-sulfur colloid suspention in lipiodol through the left ventricle in the tumor-inoculated rats (n=4), uptakes in the normal liver, hepatoma, and lung were $0.41{\pm}0.28,\;1.88{\pm}1.57,\;and\;1.65{\pm}1.54%$ ID/organ, respectively. And autoradiography of hepatoma showed increased uptake than normal liver tissues. Conclusion: Re-188-sulfur colloid suspension in lipiodol injected through the artery shows higher uptake in the hepatoma than normal liver tissue that indicates the feasibility as a new radiopharmaceutical for therapy of hepatoma.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1983

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in the serum of 35 normal control subjects and 179 cases of various benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases. Malignant gastrointestinal tumors include 69 cases of stomach cancer, 24 cases of hepatoma and 33 cases of colorectal cancer. Benign gastrointestinal diseases include 29 cases of peptic ulcer and 24 cases of liver cirrhosis. The results were as followings: 1) Mean serum CEA level in normal control subjects was $6.9{\pm}3.3ng/ml$ and there was; no difference in mean serum CEA level between age and sex difference. 2) In malignant gastrointestinal tumors, mean serum CEA level in colorectal cancer, hepatoma and stomach cancer, were $54.3{\pm}88.9ng/ml,\;62.1{\pm}99.7ng/ml$ respectively. Serum CEA level showed positive rate of 67% in colorectal cancer, 63% in hepatoma and 62% in stomach cancer. There was no difference in mean levels and positivity of serum CEA between these 3 malignant tumor groups. 3) Positivity of serum CEA was 61% in malignant gastrointestinal tumor group in spite of 37% in benign gastrointestinal disease group. In both mean level and positivity of serum CEA, stomach cancer was much higher than peptic ulcer. But there was no difference in mean level and positivity of serum CEA level between hepatoma and liver cirrhosis. 4) In hepatoma serum CEA level showed positive rate of 62.5% and alpha-feto protein showed a rate of 58.3%. 5) Mean serum CEA levels in patients with cancer in rectal, cecal, sigmoid colon, ascending: colon and descending colon were $73.7{\pm}106.7ng/ml,\;69{\pm}84.8ng/ml$, $15.7{\pm}9.1ng/ml,\;7.5{\pm}10.6ng/ml$ and 4.0ng/ml respectively. Positive rate of serum CEA showed 86% in sigmoid. colon cancer, 68% in rectal cancer and 66% in cecal cancer. 6) In considering of histological background, there was no correlation between the degree of differentiation of tumor cell and the serum CEA level in colorectal cancer. According to Duke's classification, the mean serum levels of CEA were $8.8{\pm}11.4ng/ml$ in group A, $15.3{\pm}16.0ng/ml$ in group B and $68.5{\pm}101.5ng/ml$ in group C respectively. Positivity-of serum CEA in group A, Band C were 40%, 50% & 69% respectively. So there was significant correlation between the degree of elevation of serum CEA and tumor extension.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.230-234
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• 2007

Oxygen is required for many important aerobic cellular reactions, it may undergo electrontransfer reactions, which generate highly reactive membrane-toxic intermediates (reactive oxygen species, ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxyl radical, hydroxy ion. Various mechanisms are available to protect cells against damage caused by oxidative free radicals, including scavenging enzyme systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This antioxidant defense system is a very complex and finely tuned system consisting of enzymes capable of detoxifying oxygen radicals as well as low molecular weight antioxidants. In addition, repair and turnover processes help to minimize subcellular damage resulting from free radical attack. $H_2O_2$,one of the major ROS, is produced at a high rate as a product of normal aerobic metabolism. The primary cellular enzymatic defense systems against $H_2O_2$ are the glutathione redox cycle and catalase. From Northern blot analysis of total RNAs from cultured cell with $H_2O_2$ treatment, various results were obtained. Expression of Cu/Zn SOD decreased when cell passage increased, but the level of the Cu/Zn SOD was scarcely expressed in 35 passage.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2006

Hepatoma is one of 3 most common malignancies in Korea, the survival rate is not improved since last decades because of delayed diagnosis and limited treatment conditions. Radiation was one of treatment options but the impact on the survival is not remarkable. High dose exposure to target area was suggested for improved effect but low tolerance dose of normal liver tissue is the main limited factor. IMRT is the advanced form of 3DCRT, for focusing high dose on target with minimal dose to surrounding normal tissues. Motion of the tumor by respiration, cardiac pulsation and peristalsis is the main treatment harrier of IMRT for treatment of hepatoma patients. Development of QA technique for acceptable geometrical uncertainties and dose error on target volume is essential for IMRT in clinical treatment but proper QA technique is not yet developed. This study compared the verification film dosimetry with measured dose in phantom and calculated dose in planning computer on exactly same conditions of patient treatments. Within 3% dose differences between 3 groups were confirmed. We suggest that our verification QA technique is easy, economic, iterative and acceptable in clinical application for advanced hepatoma patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

Purpose : It is not common to evaluate the response of the fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) to primary hepatoma as compared with conventional radiotherapy. The purpose of the study was to take the preliminary result on the clinical trial of primary hepatoma by SRT. Materials and Methods : From July 1999 to March 2000, thirty three patients were hospitalized in the St. Mary's Hospital, and treated with SRT for extracranial tumors. Among them, 13 patients were diagnosed to primary hepatoma and then applied by frameless SRT using 6 MV linac accelerator. There were 12 male and 1 female patients. They had the age of $ 44\~66$ year old (median : 59) and the tumor size of $10\~825\;cc$ (median : 185 cc). SRT was given to them $3\~5$ fractions a week (5 Gy/fraction, $90\%$ isodose line) for $2\~3$ weeks. Median dose of SRT was 50 Gy and the range was $30\~50\;Gy$. Results : Follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 13 months with median of 8 months. After treating SRT to thirteen patients with primary hepatoma, the response of the tumor was examined by abdominal CT : they are classified by 1 complete regression $(7.7\%)$, 7 partial regression $(53.8\%)$, 4 minimal regression $(30.8\%)$, 1 stable disease $(7.7\%)$. The positive responses more than partial remission were 8 patients $(61.5\%)$ after the treatment. The level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) after the treatment as compared with pretreatment had been $92.3\%$ decreased. There was no severe complication except dyspepsia $84.6\%$, mild nausea $69.2\%$, transient decreased of hepatic function $15.4\%$ and fever $7.7\%$. Conclusion : SRT to the patients with primary hepatoma was potentially suggested to become the safe and more effective tool than the conventional radiotherapy even though there were relatively short duration of follow-up and small numbers to be tested.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.17
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• pp.3-8
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• 1998

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.19
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• pp.51-54
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• 2000