• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2002

Purpose : Radiofrequency(RF) ablation has known effective treatment in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) or hepatic metastases tumor(HMT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of performed patient liver RF ablation guide by CT

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.60-66
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• 2002

Aryl hydrocarbons, environmental contaminants accumulate in tissue and pose potential risk in human health. 2,3,7,8-Tertachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known as a most potent toxicant among aryl hydrocarbons. TCDD elicits numerous toxic responses in experimental animals and human, including hepatic carcinoma, pulmonary and skin tumor in adult rodents, craniofacial abnormality during mouse embryogenesis, chloracne, reproductive abnormality, immunotoxicity, endocrine effects in exposed humans.(omitted)

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

Among 60 children with teratoma, forty-three (71.7 percent) were girls and 17 (28.3 percent) boys, Primary sites were sacrococcygeal in 30 patients (50 percent), retroperitoneal in 12 (20 percent), ovarian in 11 (18.3 percent), testicular in 3 (5 percent), and one in each of nasopharyngeal, gastric, hepatic and pancreatic (1.6 percent, respectively). Fifty-five (91.7 percent) teratomas were benign and 5 (8.3 percent) malignant. Malignant teratomas W8,re detected only in the sacrococcygeal region (16.7 percent). Age greater than 2 mouths at diagnosis, presence of urinary or colonic obstructive symptoms, multiple masses and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein were indicators of malignancy in the sacrococcygeal region. Tumor size, presence of calcification, and gross apperance (cystic or solid) did not correlate with malignancy. Thirteen (21.7 percent) cases were associated with other anomalies. For the immature teratoma, operative resection without adjuvant chemotherapy was adequate treatment. Three patients with malignant tumors survived, one who received chemotherapy survived 3 years and the others without chemotherapy survived for 5 and 10 years.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.859-864
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• 1987

The microwave tissue coagulator was originally used for hemostasis in the hepatic surgery, which is effectively applied in the endoscopic surgery such as the hemostasis of gastric ulcer or tumor bleeding, stenosis relieving of esophageal or rectal stenosis and tumor reduction in inoperable early cancer cases. We experienced the good result of the microwave tissue coagulation therapy in the patient with the restenosis of esophagogastrostomy. The patient was 67 year-old female, who was admitted due to the lye stricture of esophagus for 40 years. We made the lower esophagectomy and the esophagogastrostomy with the upper intact esophagus in the right thorax. But the restenosis occurred at the esophagogastrostomy site because of the polypoid mucosal protrusion at one month after operation. We applied the microwave tissue coagulator 3 times with 6 day interval under esophagoscopy and the good symptomatic and endoscopic relief was alleviated. We think that the microwave tissue coagulation is a very convenient and advisable method in the case of restenosis after esophageal surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.416-418
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• 1995

The microwave tissue coagulation therapy was originally used for hemostasis in the hepatic surgery, which is effectively applied in the endoscopic surgery such as the hemostasis of gastric ulcer or tumor bleeding, stenosis relieving of esophageal or rectal stenosis and tumor reduction in inoperable early cancer cases.We experienced one case of the restenosis after the tracheal reconstruction. The patient, who was 42 year-old male, had severe dyspnea due to the tracheal stenosis for 4 years. The resection of tracheal stenosis and tracheal reconstruction was done. But the restenosis occurred at the tracheal anastomosis site because of the protrusive granulation at one month after operation. The patient was successfully treated by the microwave tissue coagulation therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.8-9
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• 2000

Despite the advances made in the past few decades in cancer chemotherapy, many conventional anticancer drugs display relatively poor selectivity for cancer cells. The nonselectivity of anticancer drugs and the development of anticancer drug resistance have been recognized as serious limitations in their clinical usefulness. Therefore, a major challenge in cancer chemotherapy is the development of new anticancer agents with improved selectivity for tumor cells as well as the prevention of the host cell resistance, both of which result in the improvement of therapeutic effect against cancer cells. Cyclophosphamide (CP), a widely used anticancer agent, is a prodrug that is activated by hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) catalyzed C$_4$- hydroxylation. The resulting 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OH-CP) is converted to the ring-opened tautomer to aldophosphamide (Aldo) which subsequently undergoes a base- catalyzed ${\beta}$-elimination to generate cytotoxic phosphoramide mustard (PDA) and acrolein. The cytotoxic activity of CP is attributed to the aziridinium ion species derived from PDA that cross-links interstrand DNA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.623-626
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• 2003

Desmoid tumors are benign neoplasms with high rates of recurrence. A case of huge desmoid tumor of the intrathoracic and intraabdominal space is presented. The patient was treated with resection, which involved hepatic left lobectomy and diaphragmatic resection and partial pericardiectorny and wedge resection of left lower lobe of lung. The resulting defect over the pericarium and diaphragm was reconstructed by bovine pericardium and Marlex mesh. Prevention of presumed local recurrence of desmoid tumors requires wide excision margin.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2001

Effects of kochujang (Korean red pepper soybean paste) extracts on tumor formation, natural killer (NK) cell activity in spleen and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in liver were investigated in the sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice. Inhibitory effects of these samples on lung metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 cells were also evaluated in the Balb/c mice. The injection of methanol extracts from traditional kochujang I (TK I, 0-day fermented), II (TKII, 6-month fermented), commercial kochujang (CK, 1-month fermented) and red pepper powder (RPP) significantly reduced tumor formation in Balb/c mice (p<0.05), TKII decreased tumor growth by 46% compared with control, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. The transplantation of sarcoma-180 cells increased the spleen/body weight ratio of Balb/c mice, while TKI and TKll significantly decreased this index (p<0.05). The effect of TKll and CK, fermented kochujang, on the NK cell activity of splenocytes was higher than that of sarcoma-180 cells transplanted control group. TK II recovered the activity of hepatic GST that was decreased by the transplantation of sarcoma- 180 cells in to the mice. All kochujang-treated mice had significantly fewer lung metastatic colonies than control mice. TKII was the most effective in inhibiting lung metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 cells. These results indicated that optimally ripened (6-month) TK had more suppressive effects on tumor formation and lung metastasis than RPP and kochujang without fermentation and commercially prepared kochujang in mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

We found that the main bacterial metabolite M1 is an active component of orally administered protopanxadiol-type ginsenosides, and that the anti-metastatic effect by oral administration of ginsenosides may be primarily mediated through the inhibition of tumor invasion, migration and growth of tumor cells by their metabolite M1. Pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1 revealed that M1 was detected in serum for 24 h by HPLC analysis but Rb1 was not detected. M1, with anti-metastatic property, inhibited the proliferation of murine and human tumor cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in vitro, and also induced apoptotic cell death (the ladder fragmentation of the extracted DNA). The induction of apoptosis by M1 involved the up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) inhibitor $p27^{Kip1}$ as well as the down-regulation of a proto-oncogene product c-Myc and cyclin D1 in a time-dependent manner. Thus, M1 might cause the cell-cycle arrest (G1 phase arrest) in honor cells through the up/down-regulation of these cell-growth related molecules, and consequently induce apoptosis. The nucleosomal distribution of fluorescence-labeled M1 suggests that the modification of these molecules is induced by transcriptional regulation. Tumor-induced angiogenesis (neovascularization) is one of the most important events concerning tumor growth and metastasis. Neovascularization toward and into tumor is a crucial step for the delivery of nutrition and oxygen to tumors, and also functions as the metastatic pathway to distant organs. M1 inhibited the tube-like formation of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial (HSE) cells induced by the conditioned medium of colon 26-L5 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. However, M1 at the concentrations used in this study did not affect the growth of HSE cells in vitro.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.341-352
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• 2022

Medical image segmentation is the most important task in radiation therapy. Especially, when segmenting medical images, the liver is one of the most difficult organs to segment because it has various shapes and is close to other organs. Therefore, automatic segmentation of the liver in computed tomography (CT) images is a difficult task. Since tumors also have low contrast in surrounding tissues, and the shape, location, size, and number of tumors vary from patient to patient, accurate tumor segmentation takes a long time. In this study, we propose a method algorithm for automatically segmenting the liver and tumor for this purpose. As an advantage of setting the boundaries of the tumor, the liver and tumor were automatically segmented from the CT image using the 2D CoordConv DeepLab V3+ model using the CoordConv layer. For tumors, only cropped liver images were used to improve accuracy. Additionally, to increase the segmentation accuracy, augmentation, preprocess, loss function, and hyperparameter were used to find optimal values. We compared the CoordConv DeepLab v3+ model using the CoordConv layer and the DeepLab V3+ model without the CoordConv layer to determine whether they affected the segmentation accuracy. The data sets used included 131 hepatic tumor segmentation (LiTS) challenge data sets (100 train sets, 16 validation sets, and 15 test sets). Additional learned data were tested using 15 clinical data from Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. The evaluation was compared with the study results learned with a two-dimensional deep learning-based model. Dice values without the CoordConv layer achieved 0.965 ± 0.01 for liver segmentation and 0.925 ± 0.04 for tumor segmentation using the LiTS data set. Results from the clinical data set achieved 0.927 ± 0.02 for liver division and 0.903 ± 0.05 for tumor division. The dice values using the CoordConv layer achieved 0.989 ± 0.02 for liver segmentation and 0.937 ± 0.07 for tumor segmentation using the LiTS data set. Results from the clinical data set achieved 0.944 ± 0.02 for liver division and 0.916 ± 0.18 for tumor division. The use of CoordConv layers improves the segmentation accuracy. The highest of the most recently published values were 0.960 and 0.749 for liver and tumor division, respectively. However, better performance was achieved with 0.989 and 0.937 results for liver and tumor, which would have been used with the algorithm proposed in this study. The algorithm proposed in this study can play a useful role in treatment planning by improving contouring accuracy and reducing time when segmentation evaluation of liver and tumor is performed. And accurate identification of liver anatomy in medical imaging applications, such as surgical planning, as well as radiotherapy, which can leverage the findings of this study, can help clinical evaluation of the risks and benefits of liver intervention.