• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

In present study, we examined whether or not the pretreatment of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) could protect hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$) and D-galatosamine (GalN). For this study, we not only tested activity of various plasma enzymes (AST, ALT, SDH, LDH), which are used as indicators of liver disease, but also checked the change of liver components such as lipid, glutathione and cytochromes content, and several liver enzyme activity. Pretreatment of KRG for two weeks significantly reduced the elevated plasma enzyme activities induced by CCl$_4$ and GalN. Pretreatment of KRG also restored the hepatic enzymes, malonedialdehyde formation, and depletion of reduced glutathione content induced by CCl$_4$ and GalN to near normal level. However, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was lot affected by KRG. These results suggest that KRG shows the hepatoprotective effect by reducing lipid peroxidation, by reducing the activity of free radical generating enzymes, and by preserving the hepatic glutathione.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.725-730
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) and/or cadmium (Cd) on hepatic microsomal and cytosol enzyme activities. Male Spraque-Dawley rats (110$\pm$10g ) received zinc (0, 30 and 300 ppm/) and Cd-treated groups were administered oral intubation with Cd chloride (5.0mg/kg of body weight 0 at the same time once a week. The effect of Cd on the activity of hepatic cytochromep-450 , xanthine oxidase(X. O) and superoxide dismutase (SOd) was studied in rats. Cd oral intubation resulted in a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and SOD activity whereas a significant increase in the X.O. activity was observed was observed . Intake of excessive Zn led to an increased activity of microsomal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) , whereas Zn deficiency group led to a decreased group. The mechanism by which Zn induces the decreasing of Cd toxicity in rats, seems to rely on the protection of the enzyme systems P-450, ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and X.O. in the liver, possibly by forming non-toxic Cd metallothionein. These results indicate that Zn and Cd regulation might occur via inhibitory protein component of the $H_2O$$_2$ -generator system.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of a ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork (0-30 kGy) diet on lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P-450 content, microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity and antioxidative defense systems in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The body weight of rats fed irradiated diets did not change significantly. Liver weight was significantly increased by the administration of DEN, but not by irradiated diets at any dose level. There were no significant effects of gamma irradiation on the content of microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA), cytochrome P-450, or on the activity of G-6-Pase. However, with DEN treatment, cytochrome P-450 content was significantly increased while microsomal G-6-Pase activity was significantly decreased. The ${\gamma}$-irradiated diet supplement did not affect serum retinol or $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. However, it did cause a significant decrease in hepatic retinol at 30 kGy. With DEN treatment, hepatic retinol content was even more significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to the non-irradiated control. The enzyme activities related to antioxidative defense systems, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were not affected by gamma irradiation. Those results suggest that an irradiated pork diet up to 30 kGy may not cause a health hazard in experimental animals.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.429-434
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• 2004

The effects of intravenous administration of high concentration of taurocholic acid (TCA) on cathepsin B and D, and acid phosphatase activities in rat liver lysosome were studied. These liver lysosomal enzymes were determined from the experimental rats with choledocho-caval shunt (CCS). The activities of liver lysosomal cathepsin B and D, and acid phosphatase were found to be significantly increased in the CCS plus TCA injection group than in control group, such as group of CCS alone group. However, these hepatic enzyme activities did not change in the CCS plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid injection group. The above results suggest that TCA stimulates the biosynthesis of the lysosomal cathepsin B and D, and acid phosphatase in the liver.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.306.2-306
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• 2001

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 1991

In this study the effects of water extracts of endocarps and seeds of omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon)on alcohol metabolism in rats were investigated. 25% alcoholic solution(v/v,0.75g/200g B.W.)and 40% alcoholic solution(v/v,0.80g/200g B.W.)were orally administered to rats for 2 hours. The levels of metabolites and enzyme activities both on serum and liver were not changed by acute oral adminiatration of 25% and 40% alcoholic solution. Blood alcohol levels were significantly lowered by treatment of water extracts of endocarps and seeds of omija in rats administered with 25% and 40% alcohol. In 25% alcohol treated group, serum GPT level was decreased but hepatic G-6-P DH and pyruvate levels were increased. In 40% alcohol treated group, water extracts of endocarps and seeds of omija resulted in a significant decreased in serum levels of FFA, GPT but increased in serum glucose level. Hepatic levels of cytosolic protein, glycogen and pyruvate were increased by water extracts of omija parts in 40% alcohol treated group.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1998

The effects of aloe on the MDA(malondialdehyde) and the blood biochemical components of heavy metal poisoning in SD rat were examined and the following results were obtained. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with $CdCl_2$, lipidperoxide was increased each 2.37times(24h), 3.31times(72h) but lipidperoxide In aloe administration groups was lower each 47% , 64% than in heavy metal group. In rat kidney homo- genate intoxicated with $CdCl_2$, lipidperoxide was increased 1.85times(24h), 1.33times(72h) but lipidperoxide in groups was almost the same as that of normal group. Lipidperoxide of kidney homogenate was slightly decreased as time passed. Also heavy metal poisoning rats showed high levels(1.38-2.50times) of serum AST, ALT and BUN. However. the administration of aloe significantly inhibited the reduction of them. These results suggest that Cd-induced hepatic and renal injury, via increase llpidpero)Ode and release of AST, ALT and BUN. Aloe may be used to inhibit or prevent the hepatic and renal toxicity which results from the heavy metal.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 1995

Our previous reports on the effect of dietary protein on methanethiol, ethacrynic acid, bromobenzene and carbon tetrachloride metabolism were overall reviewed. The methanethiol, ethacrynicacid and bromobenzene treated rats showed the more severe liver damage in those fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. These xenobiotics treated rats showed the lower content of hepatic glutathione and its conjugated enzyme, glutathione S-transferase activities in those fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. In case of carbon tetrachloride treated rats, the liver damage was more reduced in rats fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. Concomitantly the hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, and its decreasing rate to the control were lower in rats fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.521-527
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• 1995

This study was done to determine the effect of lead acetate on the activities of the hepatic cytosofic xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase which were well known as oxygen free radical generating enzyme in vitro. Lead ion accelerated the formation of lipid peroxide and the increment of xanthine oxidase(type O) activity and the type conversion ratio from xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase dose-dependently. But xanthine dehydrogenase(type D) activity was decreased. Aldehyde oxidase activity was not changed by lead ion. These data suggested that lead-induced cellular to)dcity may be concerned partially with xanthine oxidase mediated lipid peroxidation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

The antioxidant capacity of porcine splenic hydrolysate (PSH) was studied in vitro and in vivo. Peptide hydrolysates were prepared, using the proteolytic enzyme $Alcalase^{(R)}$. The molecular weights of PSH were 37,666, 10,673, 6,029, and 2,918 g/mol. Rats were fed a 5% (w/v) PSH diet, instead of a casein diet, for 4 wk. The food intake, body weight gain, and liver weight of rats in the PSH group were similar to those in the control (CONT) group. There were no differences in the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, or albumin levels between PSH and CONT groups. However, the level of in vivo hepatic lipid peroxidation in PSH group was significantly lower than that in CONT. In vivo hepatic catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the PSH group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The in vitro protein digestibility of PSH was lower than that of casein. The in vitro trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of PSH was significantly higher than that of the peptide hydrolysate from casein. The in vitro radical scavenging activities of PSH were significantly higher than those of the peptide hydrolysate from casein. The present findings suggest that porcine splenic peptides improve the antioxidant status in rats by enhancing hepatic catalase and GSH-Px activities, and indicate a potential mechanism of radical scavenging activity during gastrointestinal passage.