• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.12 s.269
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• pp.879-890
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• 2006

Background: The dysfunction of multiple organs is found to be caused by reactive oxygen species as a major modulator of microvascular injury after hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock, one of many causes inducing acute lung injury, is associated with increase in alveolocapillary permeability and characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and hemorrhage in the interstitial and alveolar space. Aggressive and rapid fluid resuscitation potentially might increased the risk of pulmonary dysfunction by the interstitial edema. Therefore, in order to improve the pulmonary dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock, the present study was attempted to investigate how to reduce the inflammatory responses and edema in lung. Material and Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weight 300 to 350 gm were anesthetized with ketamine(7 mg/kg) intramuscular Hemorrhagic Shock(HS) was induced by withdrawal of 3 mL/100 g over 10 min. through right jugular vein. Mean arterial pressure was then maintained at $35{\sim}40$ mmHg by further blood withdrawal. At 60 min. after HS, the shed blood and Ringer's solution or 5% albumin was infused to restore mean carotid arterial pressure over 80 mmHg. Rats were divided into three groups according to rectal temperature level($37^{\circ}C$[normothermia] vs $33^{\circ}C$[mild hypothermia]) and resuscitation fluid(lactate Ringer's solution vs 5% albumin solution). Group I consisted of rats with the normothermia and lactate Ringer's solution infusion. Group II consisted of rats with the systemic hypothermia and lactate Ringer's solution infusion. Group III consisted of rats with the systemic hypothermia and 5% albumin solution infusion. Hemodynamic parameters(heart rate, mean carotid arterial pressure), metabolism, and pulmonary tissue damage were observed for 4 hours. Result: In all experimental groups including 6 rats in group I, totally 26 rats were alive in 3rd stage. However, bleeding volume of group I in first stage was $3.2{\pm}0.5$ mL/100 g less than those of group II($3.9{\pm}0.8$ mL/100 g) and group III($4.1{\pm}0.7$ mL/100 g). Fluid volume infused in 2nd stage was $28.6{\pm}6.0$ mL(group I), $20.6{\pm}4.0$ mL(group II) and $14.7{\pm}2.7$ mL(group III), retrospectively in which there was statistically a significance between all groups(p<0.05). Plasma potassium level was markedly elevated in comparison with other groups(II and III), whereas glucose level was obviously reduced in 2nd stage of group I. Level of interleukine-8 in group I was obviously higher than that of group II or III(p<0.05). They were $1.834{\pm}437$ pg/mL(group I), $1,006{\pm}532$ pg/mL(group II), and $764{\pm}302$ pg/mL(group III), retrospectively. In histologic score, the score of group III($1.6{\pm}0.6$) was significantly lower than that of group I($2.8{\pm}1.2$)(p<0.05). Conclusion: In pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock model, it is suggested that hypothermia might inhibit the direct damage of ischemic tissue through reduction of basic metabolic rate in shock state compared to normothermia. It seems that hypothermia should be benefit to recovery pulmonary function by reducing replaced fluid volume, inhibiting anti-inflammatory agent(IL-8) and leukocyte infiltration in state of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, if is considered that other changes in pulmonary damage and inflammatory responses might induce by not only kinds of fluid solutions but also hypothermia, and that the detailed evaluation should be study.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2018

Rotavirus is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children under the age of 5. Rotavirus infection may lead to several neurological complications as meningitis, encephalitis, convulsion, encephalopathy, hemorrhagic shock, central pontine myelinolysis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Reye's syndrome. Further, some reports have described diffuse cerebral white matter lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates with rotavirus induced seizures. Here, we report on three neonates with rotavirus induced seizures with cerebral white matter abnormalities on MRI.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.199-200
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• 2008

이 논문에서는 백서를 이용한 출혈성 쇼크 실험에서 수집되는 혈압 데이터 분석을 위한 프로그램을 개발하였다. 일반적인 혈압 데이터는 기존 프로그램을 이용하여 분석이 가능하지만 출혈성 쇼크 실험 중에 획득되는 혈압 데이터의 경우 일반적인 경우와 다른 모양의 파형이 나타나는 경우가 있으며 파형의 크기 변동이 크다. 이런 문제들로 인해 기존 프로그램으로 분석하는데 어려움이 있어 출혈성 쇼크 실험에 적합한 프로그램을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서 개발한 프로그램을 이용하여 혈압 파형을 분석한 결과 기존 프로그램에서 잘못 분석된 이완기 혈압을 정상적으로 분석 할 수 있었다. 또한 전체 구간 데이터를 분석하면서, 혈압 파형 크기의 급격한 변화로 인해 잘못된 수축기와 이완기 혈압이 출력되던 문제점을 해결 할 수 있었다. 이렇게 분석된 데이터를 이용하여 추후에 다양한 방법의 혈압분석이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.131-132
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 백서(SD rat)을 통하여 출혈량을 제어하여, 일정만 프로토클 내에서 통합 시스템으로 생리적 데이터를 획득하고, 출혈량에 따른 생리적 변화를 관찰하는데 목적이 있나 외상 환자의 사망 원인 중에서 높이 차지하고 있는 출혈성 쇼크의 효과석인 조기 피로 및 치료 효과 예후의 객관적 판정에 도움을 주고자, 컨트롤이 용이한 백서 11마리로부터 출혈성 쇼크와 상관관계가 높다고 알려진 자율 신경계의 생체 신호 변화 특성인 심전도, 혈압, 체온, 호흡 등의 계측 방법으로 측정하고 정량적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 출혈전과 출혈중, 출혈후 각각의 생체 신호 변화를 살펴보았으며, 호흡수와 심박수, 심박변이도의 변화를 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.377-380
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• 2009

Dogs with canine babesiosis may present with wide variation in the severity of clinical signs, ranging from a hyperacute, shock-associated, hemolytic crisis to an inapparent, subclinical infection. Dogs typically present with the acute form of babesiosis, which is characterized by general findings such as pyrexia, weakness, mucous membrane pallor, depression, hemorrhagic anemia. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of babesia spp. infection in dogs of Seogwipo-si. A survey of canine babesia spp. infections among 173 dogs in Seogwipo-si was performed from July 2008 to August 2008. Blood samples were collected from dogs raised outdoors through cephalic or jugular vein and Babesia spp. was diagnosed by examination of blood smear stained with Giemsa stain. Of 173 dogs, 9 dogs (5.2%) were infected with the babesia spp. This result was a little lower than the prevalence of Babesia spp. in dogs of other areas.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2020

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is widely performed as an adjunct to resuscitation or bridge to definitive control of non-compressible torso hemorrhage in patients with hemorrhagic shock. It is a crucial adjunct for the maintenance of cerebral and coronary perfusion during resuscitation. However, in polytrauma patients with concomitant neurotrauma, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury, the physiological effects of REBOA are unclear. In this report on REBOA performed in a clinical setting for polytrauma patients with spinal cord injury or TBI, the physiological effects of REBOA in neurotrauma are reviewed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2005

Penetrating chest trauma by stab injury may result in massive hemothorax from damage to single or multiple intrathoracic organs such as heart, aorta, internal mammary artery, intercostal artery or pulmonary parenchyme. Prognosis of massive hemothorax necessitating emergency thoracotomy is fatal especially so if there exists concomitant underlying compromise of cardiopulmonary function. A 56 year old man with destroyed left lung due to old pulmonary tuberculosis was stabbed in right parasternal lesion through third intercostal space. Intubation with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and closed thoracostomy were performed to resuscitate from cardiac asystole from hemorrhagic shock and acute respiratory distress. Midsternotomy was made to expose active bleeding foci in right mammary artery, subclavian vein, intercostal artery and anterior segment of right upper lung showing severe bullous change and pleural adhesion. Postoperative care included ventilator support, inotropic instillation and cautious, balance fluid therapy ; successful extubation was done on third postoperative day and patient was discharged on tenth postoperative day without any complication.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.198-202
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• 2021

Super-selective renal artery embolization is an increasingly popular technique for the management of traumatic, low-grade renal trauma. When performed in distal arterial branches, this intervention enables tissue preservation and arrest of hemorrhage, but it may not be practical in cases of multifocal, high-grade renal injuries. In such cases, surgical nephrectomy remains the more common treatment modality to ensure hemodynamic control. We present the unique case of a patient who presented in hemorrhagic shock following a major trauma that resulted in a grade 5 renal injury treated with complete renal artery embolization using Gelfoam, resulting in hemodynamic stabilization. Interestingly, imaging 1 month after embolization revealed residual enhancement of the inferior pole of the kidney, suggesting reconstitution of flow and partial renal salvage. Ultimately, transcatheter "nephrectomy" with careful selection of a temporary embolic agent may serve as a safe and efficient alternative to surgical nephrectomy with the added possibility of preserving partial renal perfusion and function in the emergent setting.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2021

A Morel-Lavallée lesion is a closed degloving injury caused by traumatic separation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia. However, since physicians tend to focus on treating the bone fracture, hemodynamic instability accompanying a Morel-Lavallée lesion can sometimes be overlooked. We report the case of a hemodynamically unstable 73-year-old man who had a Morel-Lavallée lesion of the thigh, but no femur fracture. Angiography showed active bleeding from the muscular branch of the right deep femoral artery, which was then successfully embolized.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.522-531
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• 2003

Background : Hemorrhagic shock and trauma are two of the most common causes of acute lung injury. The activation of cyclooxygenase is one of the important causes of acute lung injury. This study investigated the effect of aspirin, a well-known cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on severe hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury in rats. Methods : The hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood; 20ml/kg of B.W., through the femoral artery in 5 min. The mean arterial pressure was recorded through the femoral artery on a polygraph. Results : In the present investigation, the lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity, protein contents and leukocyte counts, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, increased significantly 2 and 24 h after the hemorrhage induction. Although the decreased mean arterial pressure spontaneously recovered, acute lung injury occurred after severe hemorrhage. These changes were effectively prevented by a single intravenous injection of aspirin (10 mg/kg of B.W.) 30 min before the hemorrhage. Conclusion : These results suggest that severe hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury is mediated, in part, by the activation of cyclooxygenase. Furthermore, pretreatment of aspirin in acute lung injury-prone patients, or prophylactic treatment of aspirin to the patients with precipitating conditions, could be helpful in the prevention of acute lung injury.