• Title/Summary/Keyword: hemolymph

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Changes of Inorganic Matter and Enzyme Activity in the Hemolymph of Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Exposed to TBTO (TBTO의 노출에 따른 참굴, Crassostrea gigas의 hemolymph내 무기성분 및 효소활성의 변화)

  • Cho, Kyu-Seok;Min, Eun-Young;Jee, Jung-Hoon;Kim, Jae-Won;Ahn, Chul-Min;Kang, Ju-Chan
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of various bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) on changes of inorganic matter and enzyme activity in the hemolymph of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Oyster were exposed to 5, 10, 20, 50, 80and $100{\mu}g$/L of TBTO for 20 days. Survival rate of the oyster wass significantly affected by $\geq80{\mu}g$/L TBTO concentration at 10 days, while the diminution of survival was found at 20 days with a lower concentration of $\geq50{\mu}g$/L TBTO. Calcium concentration in the hemolymph increased significantly after 20 days at the TBTO concentration $20{\mu}g$/L. However no change of magnesium and inorganic phosphate in the hemolymph was showed. A significant increment of GOT activities in the hemolymph was observed after 20 days at more than $20{\mu}g$/L TBTO concentraion, without typical changes of GPT activities. These results indicate that oysters can be affected by TBTO in terms of calcium concentration and GOT activity in the hemolymph when they were exposed to the TBTO concentration $20{\mu}g$/L.

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Effect of Silkworm Hemolymph Collected Large-scale Bleeding Method in Insect Cell Culture (절피원심법으로 대규모 채취한 누에체액의 곤충세포 증식효과)

  • Choi, Ji-Young;Kim, Jong-Gill;Choi, Young-Cheol;Kim, Sam-Eun;Han, Myung-Sae
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.28-32
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of hemolymph of silkworm, Bombyx mori, as a substitute for fetal bovine serum(FBS) in the insect cell culture. Hemolymph is collected on a small scale by clipping the abdominal leg; however, this method is not appropriate for large scale collection. The hemolymph was collected from 5 th instar larva by centrifugation after cutting of the abdominal legs was more appropriate procedure for large scale collection. The cell growth in the medium supplemented with hemolymph(Baekokjam) collected in large scale was almost same as that in the medium hemolymph supplemented with hemolymph collected in small scale. However, the mutant($wE^b$) hemolymph collected in large scale was still less effective in the cell growth, as compared to the Baekokjam hemolymph collected in large scale. The optimum centrifugation condition for large-scale bleeding was 500 rpm and 15 min.

Structure of hemolymph node in WKY rats (WKY 랫드의 혈림프절 구조)

  • Park, Cheol-beom;Seong, Je-kyung;Lee, In-se;Lee, Heungshik S.;Lee, Joon-sup;Yoon, Yeo-sung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.287-292
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    • 2001
  • It has been known that the hemolymph node is one of the lymphoid organs found normally in ruminants and some rodents, and this organ shares morphological and functional characteristics of lymph node and spleen. To clanify the rigorous definition of morphological structures and functions of the hemolymph node in Wistar Kyoto(WKY)rats, we examined these organs of WKY rats gross anatomically and light microscopically. The hemolymph nodes were normally found in the abdominal cavity and in the neck of WKY rats. This organ was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus. The parenchyma comprised a cortex of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues, and a medulla of diffuse lymphatic tissues arranged in cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed but there was no extensive subcapsular and medullary sinuses. These sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The stroma of hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and many lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were supported by the reticular network. The above findings suggest that the hemolymph nodes of WKY rats may take part in blood formation, blood filtration and immune reaction.

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Age-related morphological studies on hemal node and hemolymph node in Korean native goat (한국재래산양 혈절과 혈림프절의 연령별 형태학적 연구)

  • Yoon, Yeo-sung;Shin, Jae-won;Lee, Joon-sup
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.865-877
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    • 1999
  • Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are lymphoid organs which share morphologic and functional characteristics of lymph nodes and spleens. Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are normally present in Korean native goats. Hemal nodes bad extensive subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes, and no typical cortex and medulla were observed. Blood vessels commonly occurred, but lymph vessel was not observed in the hemal node. Hemolymph nodes had distinct cortex and medulla, and also had afferent and efferent lymph vessels. The aim of the present study was to obtain new information on the distinct morphological structures of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes according to ages, and have the basic data for their functions. Goats are divided into 5 groups, consisting of 3 animals aged 1, 3, 6, 10, and 12 months. The morphological studies of the organs were carried out by gross anatomy, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. During aging, there was an increase in the size of the organs, while there were no significant changes of their numbers, locations and colors. As the goat got older, the lymphatic nodules of hemal nodes were more developed, and the number of macrophage containing phagocytosed erythrocytes was more increased. As the goat was younger, the lymphatic tissues of hemolymph nodes were less developed. There was no difference in distribution of T- and B- lymphocytes according to ages.

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Structure of hemolymph node in rats (랫드의 혈림프절 구조)

  • Park, Cheol-beom;Seong, Je-kyung;Lee, In-se;Lee, Heungshik S.;Lee, Joon-sup;Yoon, Yeo-sung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.671-675
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    • 2000
  • It has been known that the hemolymph node is one of the lymphoid organs found normally in ruminants and some rodents, and this organ shares morphological and functional characteristics of lymph node and spleen. To clarify the rigorous definition of morphological structures and functions of the hemolymph node in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, we examined these organs of SD rats gross anatomically and light microscopically. The hemolymph nodes were normally found in the abdominal cavity and in the neck of SD rats. This organ was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus. The parenchyma comprised a cortex of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues, and a medulla of diffuse lymphatic tissues arranged in cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed but there was no extensive subcapsular and medullary sinuses. These sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The stroma of hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and many lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were supported by the reticular network. The above findings suggest that the hemolymph nodes of SD rats may take part in blood formation, blood filtration and immune reaction.

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Effects of matured silkworm hemolymph on suppressing melanin synthesis (누에 숙잠 혈림프의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과)

  • Mun, Ji-Young;Lee, Heui-Sam;Lee, Kwang-Gill;Kweon, HaeYong;Jo, You-Young;Yeo, Joo-Hong
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.207-210
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    • 2013
  • In this study, matured silkworm hemolymph was studied for inhibitory effect on melanin formation, tyrosinase activities. A matured silkworm hemolymph mass purification method was developed and some of suppressing melanin formation effects were investigated, too. As a result, the advanced purification method was higher in yield rate than existing one by 53%. A free radical scavenging activity of hemolymph was higher than sericin on the market($IC_{50}$, $202.9{\pm}33.1$) and lower than vitamin C($0.57{\pm}0.02$) by $6.4{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. An inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis was higher in hemolymph compared to Morus bark and arbutin by 9.15% and 11.56%, respectively. An inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was higher in hemolymph than Morus bark and lower than arbutin. Effect of hemolymph $45{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on suppressing of tyrosinase was almost 90%. Thus, these results suggest that hemolymph of matured silkworm may have beneficial properties as a material for cosmetics.

Study on the Juvenile Hormone Binding Protein in the Hemolymph of the Silkworm Larva, Bombyx mori. (누에 체액의 유약호르몬 결합단자질(Juvenile hormone hinding protein)에 관한 연구)

  • 손흥대
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 1988
  • In order to examine a physiological role of juvenile(JH) binding proteins in the hemolymph of the silkworm larva, Bombyx mori, [3H] JH I incubated hemolymph was separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the fifth-instar larva and the activity of the binding protein was analyzed using charcoal binding assay. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The JH was bound by two protein fractions in the hemolymph of the fifth-instar larva; One was JH binding lipoprotein(JH-LP), the other was JH speific binding protein(JHBP). Their relative mobility values(Rm) were 0.3∼0.33 and 0.81∼0.84, respectively. There were no valid differences in those values from developmental stages of both male and female silkworms. 2. Total protein contents of the hemolymph were gradually increased during the fifth-instar larva, while at the prepupa decreased. The maximum ones were observed at the spinning period and the contents from female were much higher than those from the male. 3. JH binding activity per ml of the hemolymph was low in the early stage of the fifth-instar larva and its activity was maximized at the psinning period and at the prepupa slightly decreased. 4. There was a similar pattern between changes of the JH binding activity per ml of the hemolymph and of the total protein contents of the hemolymph. 5. The JH binding activity per mg of the hemolymph proteins was high in the early stage of the fifth-instar larva, while from the 6th day of the fifth-instar larva to the prepupa its activity showed the lowest levels.

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Influence of Elevated Temperatures on the Physiological Response of Hemolymph from Two Species of the Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai and H. discus discus (수온 상승에 따른 북방전복, Haliotis discus hannai과 둥근전복, H. discus discus 체액의 생리학적 변화)

  • Min, Eun-Young;Lee, Jung Sick;Kim, Jae Won;Jeon, Mi Ae;Kang, Ju-Chan
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of elevated water temperature (WT) on biochemical and immunological factors in the hemolymph of the abalones, Haliotis discus hannai and H. discus discus. The abalone were exposed to various WT; 20, 22, 24, 26 and $28^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. In the control and $20^{\circ}C$, total-protein (TP), glucose and calcium (Ca) in hemolymph of H. discus discus were higher than the values in H. discus hannai. The values of magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lysozyme in H. discus hannai were similar to the H. discus discus in the control. There were no significant alterations in TP, glucose and Mg levels of hemolymph in H. discus hannai and H. discus discus by WT increases. The values of Ca, ALP and lysozyme were increased in H. discus hannai exposed to the high temperature (26 and $28^{\circ}C$) compared to control, while the values in H. discus discus were not significant difference between the WT groups. The phenoloxidase (PO) activity was increased in hemolymph of H. discus hannai exposed to high temperature (${\geq}24^{\circ}C$) compared to the control (P < 0.05). These physiological and immunological parameters were significantly changed in H. discus hannai. However, these parameters in H. discus discus were barely altered at the high WT (P < 0.05). These results suggested that H. discus hannai is considered to be more sensitive than H. discus discus at the high WT.

Antioxidant and antityrosinase activity of fermented silkworm hemolymph (발효 누에 숙잠 혈림프의 항산화 및 항티로시나제 활성)

  • Mun, Ji-Young;Jo, You-Young;Kweon, HaeYong;Lee, Kwang-Gill;Yeo, Joo-Hong;Lee, Heui-Sam
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2014
  • In this study, functionality of products of silkworm hemolymph fermented by Bacillus species was studied such as cell viability, antioxidant effect, and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activities. A matured silkworm hemolymph was degraded by fermentation with Bacillus subtilis 10854 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M27. Especially, proteins of matured silkworm hemolymph were degraded to 3,000 Da by fermentation with B. amyloliquefaciens M27. Cell viability for MTT assay was higher than PBS in hemolymph and fermented hemolymph. A DPPH free radical scavenging activity of fermented hemolymph was as higher as Vitamin C and dependent on sample concentrations. Thus, these results suggest that degraded hemolymph fermented by B. amyloliquefaciens M27 may have antioxidant properties as a material for cosmetics.

Ultrastructural Studies on the Hemal Node and the Hemolymph Node in the Korean Native Goat (한국재래산양 혈절 및 혈림프절에 관한 전자현미경적 연구)

  • Yoon, Yeo-Sung;Lee, Joon-Sup;Lee, Heung-Shik;Lee, In-Se;Kim, Dae-Joong;Kim, Jin-Sang
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.77-89
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    • 1990
  • The ultrastructures of the hemal node and the hemolymph node in the Korean native goat were observed by transmission and scanning elelctron microscopies for their morphological features. The sinus of hemal node was lined by endothelial-like reticular cells that had an euchromatin-rich nucleus and many cytoplasmic processes by which reticular fibers were surrounded. In the hemolymph node, the mast cell and the plasma cell were closely contact each other by the cytoplasmic process. The hemal node had venous sinusal-like vessels which were different from the deep sinus, and the hemolymph node had lymph capillaries. The lymph vessels with valves were observed in the capsule of the hemolymph node.

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