• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 1999

식용버섯인 팽이버섯(Flammulina velutipes)으로부터 적혈구 응집능력을 갖는 렉틴(flammulina velutipes lectin, FVL) FVL-1과 FVL-2을 정제하였다. FVL-1과 FVL-2의 분자량은 각각 10.6 kDa과 37 kDa으로 추정되었다. FVL-2는 사람적혈구의 경우 모든 혈액형에서 응집현상을 나타내었으나, FVL-1은 O형의 적혈구에 대하여 높은 상대활성도를 나타내었다. 렉틴의 hemagglutination inhibition test 결과 FVL-1과 FVL-2는 fetuin, bovine submaxillary mucin, asialofetuin, porcine stomach mucin에 의해 적혈구 응집력이 저해되었다. FVL-1은 1.56 mM $Cu^{2+}$에서 적혈구 응집력이 저해되었으며, $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$ 등에서도 저해되었다. 반면 FVL-2는 금속 이온에 대한 저해가 나타나지 않았다. pH 안정성에 있어서 FVL-1은 pH $5{\sim}11$에서 안정하였으며, FVL-2는 pH 4까지의 범위에서 안정하였다. 온도 안정성에 있어서는 FVL-1과 FVL-2 각각 $55^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$까지 안정하였다. FVL-1은 단백질이었으며 FVL-2는 당 단백질이었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.379-382
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• 2001

To confirm the effect of food and water deprivation prior to Newcastle disease(ND) virus vaccination, three hundred chicks were divided into five groups with three replications. ND vaccine were sprayed to at 1 -day old chicks at commercial hatchery. Secondary and third vaccination was conducted at 2-week old and 24-day old chicks by LaSota strain. Control was conventionally vaccinated without withdrawing the food and water before or after vaccination. In group 2(G2) and 3(G3), LaSota strain was vaccinated to chicks before and after fasting the food and water for 3 and 2 hours, respectively. Group 4(G4) has the same fasting time of group 2, but supplemented the skim milk in vaccin dilution water. In group 5(G5), skim milk was added into group 3. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were weekly measured for 5 weeks. Blood was collected from wing vein at 24 and 35 days of age. Each serum antibody level were measured by hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test. The average weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion of all group were not significantly different. Weight gain of each groups was 1910.30(control), 1875.28(G2), 1952.12(G4) and 1896.05(G5), respectively. Feed intake of all group was recorded at 3160.67(control), 3167.07(G2), 3189.48(G3), 3157.85(G4) and 3178.16(G5), respectively. The feed conversion of each groups was 1.655(control), 1.688(G2), 1.633(G3), 1.699(G4) and 1.676(G5), respectively. The HI titer of G4 was $ 5.50{\Pm}$1.40 and significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05)(control : $4.36{\Pm}$1.87 , G2 : $5.18{\Pm}$2.14, G3 : $4.51{\Pm}$2.19, G : $5.28{\Pm}$1.58 at 35 days old. The results of this experiment indicated that two or three hours of fasting time before or after vaccination would be able to show the higher antibody level against ND virus.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.474-480
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• 2012

Purpose: For evaluating the immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine, the microneutralization (MN) test has a higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. However, the MN test is more time consuming and is difficult to standardize. We performed the MN test to determine its usefulness as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. Methods: We compared the MN test with the HI test using 50 paired samples taken from a previous clinical study (2008-2009) in Korean children under 18 years of age. Results: The linear correlation coefficients of the 2 tests for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 0.69, 0.70, and 0.66, respectively. We identified a high index of coincidence between the 2 tests. For an influenza vaccine, the postvaccination seroprotection rates and seroconversion rates determined by the MN test were 78.0% and 96.0%, 90% and 42.0%, and 42.0% and 48.0% for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B, respectively. Geometric mean titer fold increases of H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 2.89, 5.04, and 4.29, respectively, and were 2.5-fold higher. We obtained good results in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of the 2008-2009 seasonal influenza vaccines. Conclusion: We found that the MN test was as effective as the HI test. Therefore, we suggest that the MN test can be used as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.32.1-32.15
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• 2020

Influenza virus is the major cause of seasonal and pandemic flu. Currently, oseltamivir, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuraminidase of influenza A and B viruses, is the drug of choice for treating patients with influenza virus infection. However, recent emergence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses has limited its efficacy. Morin hydrate (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid isolated from Morus alba L. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects partly by the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, its effects on influenza virus have not been studied. We evaluated the antiviral activity of morin hydrate against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR/8; H1N1) and oseltamivir-resistant A/PR/8 influenza viruses in vitro. To determine its mode of action, we carried out time course experiments, and time of addition, hemolysis inhibition, and hemagglutination assays. The effects of the co-administration of morin hydrate and oseltamivir were assessed using the murine model of A/PR/8 infection. We found that morin hydrate reduced hemagglutination by A/PR/8 in vitro. It alleviated the symptoms of A/PR/8-infection, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α and CCL2, in infected mice. Co-administration of morin hydrate and oseltamivir phosphate reduced the virus titers and attenuated pulmonary inflammation. Our results suggest that morin hydrate exhibits antiviral activity by inhibiting the entry of the virus.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2002

To perform the prophylactic study of a vaccine derived from human papillomavirus (HPV) using Balb/c mice, we produced virus like particles consisting of HPV capsid protein L1 which has been reported to induce significant humoral and cellular immunity using various animal model systems. In order to produce HPV16 VLPs, the cDNA of L1 capsid protein in HPV type 16, obtained by polymerase chain reaction, was inserted into yeast expression vector, YEG$\alpha$-HIR525 under the control of GAL10 promoter. The transformation of YEG$\alpha$-HPV16 L1 was performed into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y2805 by the lithium acetate method and the yeast clone expressing the highest level of L1 capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16 was selected by Western blot analysis using anti-HPV16 L1 antibody. The purification of HPV16 VLP has been performed by the ultracentrifugation and gel-filtration methods. To validate the vaccine efficacy of the purified HPV16 VLPs and investigate the properties of HPV16 VLPs to induce humoral immunity, ELISA assay was performed. A significantly increased production of anti-HPV16 VLP antibodies was observed in sera from immunized mice. The neutralization activity of antibodies in the sera from the vaccinated mice was demonstrated by a rapid and simple assay to detect hemagglutihation inhibition activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.704-713
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• 2014

The highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype infect poultry and have also been spreading to humans. Although new antiviral drugs and vaccinations can be effective, rapid detection would be more efficient to control the outbreak of infections. In this study, a phage-display library was applied to select antibody fragments for HPAI strain A/Hubei/1/2010. As a result, three clones were selected and sequenced. A hemagglutinin inhibition assay of the three scFvs revealed that none exhibited hemagglutination inhibition activity towards the H5N1 virus, yet they showed a higher binding affinity for several HPAI H5N1 strains compared with other influenza viruses. An ELISA confirmed that the HA protein was the target of the scFvs, and the results of a protein structure simulation showed that all the selected scFvs bound to the HA2 subunit of the HA protein. In conclusion, the three selected scFVs could be useful for developing a specific detection tool for the surveillance of HPAI epidemic strains.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1998

닭와포자충 감염이 다른 병원체에 대한 닭의 체액성 면역에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 2일령 SPF 병아리에 $5{\;}{\times}10^5$의 닭와포자충 오오시스트를 한 번에 경구투여한 다음 4일과 21일 두 번에 걸척 뉴캣슬병 불활화 (사독) 백신을 접종하였다. 오오시스트 접종 후 2주부터 1주 간격으로 13주까지 채혈하여 혈구응집억제반응으로 ND HI $log_2$ 역가를 경시적으로 측정하여 대조군과 비교, 검토하였다. 일반적으로 뉴캣슬병 바이러스에 대한 Hl가는 전 실험기간을 통하여 대조군에 비하여 실험군이 상당히 낮았으며 (p<0.01), 보다 빨리 음전하는 경향이었다. 백신의 보강주사 후 역가는 점점 높아져서 2주 ($5.00(\;}{\pm}{\;}0$; 비감염 대조군)와 4주 ($3.88{\;}{\pm}{\;}0.6658$; 감염 실험군)에 최고치에 이른 다음 점점 낮아졌다. 한편, 분변 내의 오오시스트 배설 양상은 통상적인 감염례와 같았다. 이로 미루어 보아 병아리가 닭와포자충에 감염되면 건강한 병아리에 비하여 뉴캣슬병 바이러스에 대한 면역억제 현상이 일어나 감수성이 증가할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 1991

Getah virus is known as a causative agent of recognized febrile illness of horses characterized by fever, rash and edema. A serological survey indicated that hemagglutination inhibition antibody against Getah virus was detected in 34% of 464 racehorses from Korean Horse Affairs Association and 57% of 262 ponies from Cheju island, respectively. Several field strains of Getah virus isolated were from the racehorse that have been shown fever and febrile signs in 1989. The field isolates produced cytopathic effect in Vero, MA-104, BHK-21 cell cultures. Especially, they multiplied to the highest titer($10^6TCID_{50}/0.1ml$) in Vero cell cultures. When day-old mice were inoculated with field isolates by the intracerebral route, they showed a typical paralysis sign and died within seven days after inoculation. The guinea pig exhibited skin rash and edema, and died with neural signs after inoculation with the field isolates. In the cross neutralization test and indirect immunofuorescent assay, the field isolates were proved to be closely related to the Sakai strain of Getah virus antigenically.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1981

It has long been believed for the presence of infectious coryza affecting serious economic loss in domestic poultry industry. However, the etiologic agent has not been isolated until quite recently. From 1979, several strains of Haemophilus-like organism were isolated from chickens with symptoms similar to infectious coryza, and their colonial morphology, growth requirement, biochemical properties and pathogenicity were assessed. In addition, serological properties of the isolates by cross hemagglutination inhibition test was also investigated. The results indicated that all the isolates were identified as Haemophilus gallinarum which had similar characteristics to the reference strains.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2006

This study was performed to monitor the level of serum canine parvovirus(CPV) antibody titers in adult dogs throughout the Korea from January 2003 to April 2004. A total of clinically healthy 885 dogs between 1 year and 17 years old were included in this study. Serum antibody titers against CPV were measured by means of hemagglutination inhibition(HI) titers at the time dogs were brought to the hospital for revaccination. Most of dogs had been primarily vaccinated or previously revaccinated. Dogs were grouped by age, breed, sex, and primary vaccination and revaccination to determine whether these factors were associated with antibody titers. Serum CPV titers ${\geq}80$ were considered protective. Protective antibodies against CPV were present in 95.0% of the population. Breed, age, and primary vaccination and revaccination were not significantly associated with serum CPV antibody titers. But sex was significantly associated with CPV antibody titers. The results of this study have shown that there is a need to reconsider the annual revaccination strategy against CPV infection.