• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.69-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between children and adolescents' moral emotions - empathy, guilt and gratitude - and helping behavior. For this study, questionnaires on empathy, guilt, gratitude and helping behavior were administered to 938 students in the 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th and 11th grades attending elementary, middle and high school in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, enter multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis by using SPSS Win 12.0. The main findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, by gender, empathy, guilt and helping behavior differed significantly, also, by grade, empathy, guilt, gratitude and helping behavior differed significantly. In addition, religion made a significant difference in empathy, gratitude and helping behavior. Secondly, variables influencing helping behavior were found to differ by developmental stage. The variable influencing the helping behavior of elementary school students was found to be empathic concern. For middle school students, guilt was found to influence their helping behavior, while for high school students, perspective-taking was found to be the key variable. Thirdly, gratitude was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relation between empathy(or guilt) and helping behavior.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.303-322
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• 1991

The aim of present study was to explore there were relationships among familism(collectivism vs. individualism), filial responsibility, and helping behavior of the middle-aged women towards parents. The respondents were 552 married women in their thirties, forties and fifties. OK Sun-hwa(1989)'s Seelbach (1978)'s, Cicirelli (1983)'s and Chang Sun-ju(1989)'s scale were utilized to tap the familism, filial responsibility, and helping behavior of the middle age daughter and daughter in low respectively. The major results of the study were summerized as follows; 1) Married women perceived relatively high levels of familism and filial responsibility and a moderate level of helping towards their parents and in-law parents as well. Among the demographic variables, education, income and age of the married daughters and daughters-in-law were found to be correlated to both familism and filial responsibility of support for their parents, Also, education and age were negatively related to helping behaviors. 2) Marred women reported similar levels of filial responsibility of support towards parents in law and their own parents, However significant difference were found between the amounts of helping behavior towards parents-in-law and their own parents. 3) Regression analysis revealed that living arrangement(living with parents or not ), the level of filial responsibility , and education level provided to be significant predictors on the helping behavior towards parent-in-law explaining 46% of the total variance. On the other hand, filial responsibility , living pattern, and income level for the parents were powerflu in predicting helping behavior towards their own parents accounting 24% of the total explained variance. 4) A path analysis model indicated that while educational level and living arrangement influenced directly to helping behavior toward parent-in-law, living arrangement, income level of parents and familism were directly associated with helping behavior for parents of their own. Therefor , helping behavior of the middles aged women was significantly mediated by familism and filial responsibility for support towards both parents-in-law and their own parents.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2011

This study explores the causes of online helping behavior. This study tests the effects of various explanatory factors on the basis of previous studies on helping behavior. These factors include social demographic, situational, motivational, and social capital factors. According to the survey of 475 university students living in Seoul in 2010, age and religion have significant effects on online helping behavior. In addition, the perceived helping opportunity, time and effort cost to help, and social capital factor have significant effects on online helping behavior. Results reveal that the effect of social capital factor is the largest among other variables. However, it is shown that the effects of benefit from helping, empathy, and personal norm are not statistically significant. It is also revealed that the effect of social capital factor is important across all types of online helping behavior except information helping. The policy implications are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-107
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• 1986

This study was about nurse's helping behaviors and the purpose of the study was to find out the nurse's helping behaviors, to identify the nurse's helping behavior level by the nurses personal back-ground and to find out the relationship between the nurse's helping behavior and patient's self-exploration. The subjects, consisting of 192 adults in-patients who had less acute physical problem and 192 registered nurses working on these ward in 3 hospitals in Seoul and 1 hospital in Kang Won province of Korea. The data were collected from Jan. to rob. 1986 through the descriptive responds and self-reported questionaires. The instruments used for this study were Carkhuff's index of communication. Henderson's Irritating Listening Behavior, revised by the Kim(1984) and patient problem understanding scale, patients trust scale on nurse, developed by the Kim(1984). Analysis of the Data was done by use of mean, t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results of study are summerized as follows; 1. Mean of nurse's helping behavior was 1.84 out of 4. These point were less than 3.0 which means the minimum points as the facilitative helper. 3. There was no significant differences of nurses helping behaviors to the nurse's personal back-ground (p<.05). 3. There were positive rotation between the nurse's helping behaviors and patient's self-exploration behavior (P<0001). In conclusion, 1 may can give some suggestion, according to the study results: 1. The systematic study about nurse's helping behavior is need all over the Korea. 2. Educational program for the facilitative relationship between nurses and patient must be developed, 3. Further detailed analysis methods are need on the independent variables of patient's self-explorations behavior.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

Purpose - This study has its purpose to identify the correlation between factors and moderating variables that can reduce job burnout by setting a positive relationship with a leader and ethicality of the leader as factors reducing job burnout and helping behavior as a moderating variable. Research design, data, and methodology - The research design would make theoretical perceived ethical leadership and LMX toward helping assistance, and job burnout using by structural equation method. Results - As a result, both positive behaviors and recognition on ethical leadership of a leader have been confirmed to influence on mitigation of job burnout. Especially, among the two factors, ethicality has shown to be more efficient to alleviate exhaust compared with positive behavior of a leader. Conclusions - Theoretical perceived ethical leadership and LMX toward a leader, helping assistance, and job burnout are statistically significant, however, the helping behavior of members is the factor increasing a job burnout. These results can be interpreted as the difficulties of relation setting with the members for the leader, and although loyalty and responsibility toward right leader may induce helping behavior, and positive behavior for organization can impact on the job burnout. It can be concluded that the ethicality of a leader is an essential factor for the development of organization.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.349-366
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• 2012

The importance of helping behavior in our society has been increasing and this study aimed to find the practical strategies to increase helping behaviors with minorities and general public in our communities. Participants(N=156) were randomly assigned to respond to a scenario which measured the intention to help either foreign workers or general public. Also, participants were given the scale of fairness and empathy to respond. The findings of this study demonstrated that (1) empathy and fairness had main effect of the intention to help other persons and empathy and different targets in the unfair perception had interactional effect; (2) the intention to help foreign workers was positively related to fairness and the intention to help general public was affected by empathy. The results showed that according to the perceived unfairness in helping behavior situations, the role of fairness which empathy did not explain was founded. These findings suggest that empathy and fairness in helping behavior are complementary to each other.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.178-198
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• 2018

This study examines the effects of transformational leadership on helping behavior for the secretary workers. We also demonstrate comprehensively the moderating effects of job resources(LMX) and job demands(utilization of mobile devices after work) on the relationship between transformational leadership and helping behavior. The results of this study targeted 140 incumbent secretaries are as follows: First, transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on the helping behaviors of members. Second, the interaction effect of LMX(synergistic effect) was verified in the positive relationship between transformational leadership and helping behavior. Finally, interaction effects of utilization of mobile devices after work(buffering effect) were confirmed in the relationship between transformational leadership and helping behavior. The results of this study are that transformational leadership of middle managers is important to strengthen worker's helping behavior, but it is also important to understand the contextual factors such as social support(LMX) and work environment(utilization of mobile devices after work) that affect the will and autonomy of members in accepting leadership. Finally, we suggest the theoretical and practical implications of this study, present limitations and future research directions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-98
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to examine the relationship between Chinese employees' collectivism orientation and organizational commitment and interpersonal helping behavior and verify the differences of such relationships between new and the previous generation of employees. Design/methodology/approach - The 262 Chinese employees participated in self-reported survey through online platform. The confirmatory factor analysis and the hierarchical regression analysis were performed to test hypotheses. Findings - We found that Chinese employees' collectivism orientation positively influenced their organizational commitment and interpersonal helping behavior. Regarding the moderating role of generation, our result revealed that while the positive relationship between collectivism orientation and organizational commitment was significant for previous generation of employees, such relationship was not valid for new generation employees. However, there was no significant generational difference in the relationship between collectivism orientation and interpersonal helping behavior. Research implications or Originality - Considering that there have been relatively few empirical studies examining the interaction between employees' cultural characteristic and generations, this study contributes to demonstrate that the positive influence of Chinese employees' collectivism orientation on organizational commitment vary depending on Chinese generations. In addition, this study provides implications that organizational leaders in China should understand that the generational difference can influence how employees' collectivism orientation leads to their attitudes towards organizations and need to establish human resource management system by reflecting generational difference.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.730-744
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• 2016

This study attempt to test not only the impact of leadership(second-level supervisor's ethical leadership, immediate supervisor's transformational leadership) on followers' proactive behavior, but also the effect second-level supervisor's ethical leadership on leader's transformational leadership(i.e. TL). In particular, immediate supervisor's TL is explored as a mediating variable in the relationship between second-level supervisor's ethical leadership and followers' proactive behavior. The summary of the hierarchical regression analyses results was as follows: First, the paper showed that second-level supervisor's moral behavior was positively related to immediate supervisor's TL. But behavioral integrity and consistency across contexts was not found to play a unique role in predicting immediate supervisor's TL. Second, second-level supervisor's moral behavior was a positive impact on employee' taking charge behavior and helping behavior. and behavioral integrity was a positive impact on employee' taking charge behavior. But consistency across contexts was not found to play a unique role in predicting proactive behavior. Third, immediate supervisor's TL was a positive impact on employee' taking charge behavior and helping behavior. Finally, the effects of second-level supervisor's moral behavior on employee' proactive behavior were mediated by immediate supervisor's TL. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings as well as directions for future research are provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.592-601
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among empathy ability, gratitude tendency, helping behavior, and happiness of college students and whether gratitude tendency and help behaviors are mediators in the relationship between empathy ability and happiness. For this purpose, Date were collected from 559 college students in S and K city. The SPSS 20.0 program was used to analyze the statistical data such as the mean and standard deviation of the data. To analyze the validity of the study, it conducted confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS. Finally, we analyzed the effect of empathy on happiness by using the bootstrap procedure in order to investigate the mediating effects of gratitude tendency and helping behavior. The results of the study are as follows. First, the correlation of each was positive. Second, in the relationship between empathy ability and happiness, the gratitude tendency was a statistically significant mediator. Third, helping behavior was a statistically significant mediator between empathy and happiness. Fourth, in the relationship between empathy ability and happiness, it did not do dual mediate to the gratitude tendency and help behavior. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.