• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.60 no.5
• /
• pp.35-50
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to know how helmet and armor was reinterpreted in historical play by considering general concept and type of old helmet and armor from the aspect of costume history and comparing the helmet and armor types of TV historical plays, Yeongaesomun and Taewangsasingi, whose historical backgrounds were based on the age of Goguryeo. The helmet and armor type shown in Yeongaesomun was reinterpreted as the one, which is close to historical investigation, by reappearing lamellar armor and jongjangpanju(helmet made of slim, long plate) shown in Goguryeo wall painting. The helmet and armor type shown in Taewangsasingi expresses fantastic helmet and armor by adding fantastic factor regardless of historical investigation. The study result reveals that there are several common characteristic factors between the helmet and armors of two historical plays. First, there was a classification in the display of character and story. The helmet and armor type shown in Yeongaesomun classified color and detail design depending on lamellar armor or character. In Taewangsasingi, the helmet and armor was manufactured depending on character's nature and the chain armors, which are lighter than existing helmet and armors, were usual. Second, they escaped from the historical investigation about traditional helmet and armor. In Yeongaesomun, myeonggwangae(a type of armor), which might be popular, was not expressed and Taewangsasingi is free from an imperative idea of historical investigation by manufacturing helmet and armor referring to that of ancient Rome age. The modern sense was reflected to increase dramatic effect. The helmet and armor of Yeongaesomun provides modern feeling by using stainless steel material and modern color arrangement and that of Taewangsasingi is designed in modern, splendid way as it aimed at game development from the planning step.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.32-46
• /
• 2011

The study researched the characteristic of helmet and armor reflecting Joseon Dynasty by focusing on the helmet and armor appearing in dramas, the Tear of Dragon and King Sejong, whose common point is the historical background, the early Joseon Dynasty, among the historical dramas, which are manufactured on the basis of historical person or age. First, the helmet and armor appearing in historical drama was reproduced on the basis of historical record depending on age. In the early Joseon Dynasty, helmet was classified into cheomju and wonju and armor was classified into chalgap, swaejagap, gyeongbeongap, dujeonggap and dudumigap. In drama, the Tear of Dragon and King Sejong, for helmet, cheomju and wonju were used and for armor, chalgap, dujeonggap and dudumigap, whose type and manufacture method were similar to that of historical record, were reproduced. Second, the helmet and armor appearing in historical drama searched for function. In drama, the Tear of Dragon, rather than heavy iron, plastic and textile were used and the metal scale inside armor was removed. In drama, King Sejong, the weight of armor was decreased by removing the metal scale inside armor and easy wearing was secured by using velcro. Third, the helmet and armor appearing in historical drama expressed various dramatic interpretations. In drama, the Tear of Dragon, the same color as that of armor was adopted for helmet to provide stable and unified feeling. Visually splendid display was added to armor by matching powerful prime color and glossy metal. In drama, King Sejong, modem sense was added to helmet and armor by actively using pastel color reflecting modem fashion.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the structure and characteristics for the reproduction of the armor in the Unified Silla period, and then reproduce and utilize it as a cultural content. In the armor reproduction project excavated from Jaemaejeong, Gyeongju. Jaemaejeong armor is consisting of Singap (身甲, body armor), Sanggap (裳甲, hip armor), and Sangbakgap (上膊甲, upper arm armor) at the time of excavation. Unlike the armor of the Three Kingdoms period, Singap and Sanggap are separated. Singap is Yangdangsik (裲襠式, side opening method) and Gyunggap (頸甲, gorget) was not unearthed, Sangbakgap was divided into a part that protects the left and right upper arms and a part that protects the chest, so that the unexcavated head and neck cover of the helmet can be protected to the shoulder. In addition, in the case of Chalgap (札甲, lamellar armor), the Oejungsik (外重式, folded from outside to inside) is mainly used, but it is peculiar that Naejungsik (內重式, folded from inside to outside) is used in Sangbakgap of Jaemaejeong armor. It is presumed that this was used as a method to ensure that the armor were closely attached to the human body. In order to design with the parade armor of Gochwidae in Gyeongju based on the reproduced Jaemaejeong armor, the designer's imagination and historical work of the times were involved due to the characteristics of performance costumes. Reproduced armor as a cultural content should be considered indispensable to simplify and lighten clothing suitable for performances based on the excavated historical armor.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.35-66
• /
• 2021

This study conducted scientific analysis and conservation treatment on four suits of armor and two helmets from the collection of the National Museum of Korea. Based on the findings, it identified structural characteristics of armor from the middle and late Joseon Dynasty. Since a suit of armor is made of composite materials consisting of both organic and inorganic elements, conservation treatment was conducted to the extent that the stable condition of each material remained unaffected by the other materials. The process took place in the sequence of investigation and analysis, removal of contamination, stabilization and reinforcement, repair of damaged parts, and storage. The armor and helmets had suffered severe damage, but were safely repaired and partially restored through the conservation treatment. The findings from the conservation treatment revealed the materials used and structural characteristics of the armored skirt from a two-piece set of armor from the middle Joseon period and for the two suits of overcoat-style armor, suit of vest-style armor, and helmets from the late Joseon era. It also allowed the investigation of the production methods of the armor and helmets.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.20
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2018

The National Museum of Korea conducted conservation treatmenton the armor in its collection for the purposes of public display and appropriate preservation. This was preceded by a literature study on the types and features of the armor in order to collect basic data for secure and accurate conservation treatment. The literature study found that during the Joseon dynasty, armor was named in reflection of precise details including the color, material, status of the wearer, and even the certain parts of a suit of armor. In general, the name of armor includes the details in the order of color, underlying textile, and scale material (e.g., iron, leather). The former part of the name presents the features of the garment and the latter part refers to the material of the scales or the status of the wearer. The study also found that main materials used in armor include textiles, leather, and metal, and armor can be classified by the materials of the scales-e.g., metal armor (鐵甲), leather armor (皮甲), paper armor (紙甲), paper-and-fabric armor (淹心甲), silk armor (緞甲). Joseon-period armor can also be classified into four types according to its structure and the method of wearing, and overcoat(袍)-style armor was the most widely used in the period following the Japanese Invasion of Joseon (1592-1598) through the late nineteenth~early twentieth century. Overcoat-style armor was commonly worn by infantry, and the four examples of armor with leather scales at the National Museum of Korea belong to this category.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.529-535
• /
• 2020

It is important to secure the driver's external field view in armored vehicles surrounded by iron armor for preparation for the enemy's firepower. For this purpose, a 360 degree rotatable surveillance camera is mounted on the vehicle. In this case, the key idea is to recognize the head of the driver wearing a helmet so that the external camera rotated in exactly the same direction. In this paper, we introduce a method that uses a MEMS-based AHRS sensor and a illuminance sensor to compensate for the disadvantages of the existing optical method and implements it with low cost. The key idea is to set the direction of the camera by using the difference between the Euler angles detected by two sensors mounted on the camera and the helmet, and to adjust the direction with illuminance sensor from time to time to remove the drift error of sensors. The implemented prototype will show the camera's direction matches exactly in driver's one.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.263-277
• /
• 2008

In picture bible, the picture is helpful for showing story more vividly and specifically and it is helpful for finding the meaning of bible hidden behind familiarity. It plays the role of the most powerful testimony and expression, with which human provides himself. The purpose of study was to grasp the relation among historical background of the middle age, human's characteristic and symbolic color by considering the fact that the costume expressed in Maciejowski Bible, which is a picture bible of the middle age and observing type, color and decoration of costume. Among 46 folios organizing Maciejowski Bible, 129 pictures explaining the Book of Genesis, the Book of Exodus, the Book of Leviticus, the Book of Numbers, the Book of Deuteronomy, the Book of Joshua and the Book of Judges, which belong to the former 400 years of the old Testament, were analyzed for people's costumes. The pictures shown in Maciejowski Bible portrays object, costume and behavior on the background of France of the 13th century so we can find out the precious natures of middle age's costume, weapon and armor. Especially, the portrait about finger armor of chain mail attached in hauberk becomes the outstanding evidence that can encroach the discussion over whether it was used in the end of 1300s. Regarding costumes of main characters, they wore chemise and braies as underwear, wore tunic or cotte having various lengths from the length reaching knee to the length reaching 8round as basic costume and wore mantle with different-colored lining and hose with various colors. In the war picture, we can see hauberk made with chain mail and cyclas with long slit, which was worn over hauberk, barrel helmet, norman helmet and steel school cap. Regarding cap. man usually wore coif, beret, shade-shaped cap, straw hat and woman wore the decoration using veil and hairlace and used the method to wrap whole hair with net. As the colors used in the costume of the picture bible, scarlet, blue, green and brown were usually used in order. They usually wore costumes decorated splendidly with the colors haying hish brightness and chroma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.58 no.5
• /
• pp.166-177
• /
• 2008

This is a basic study of the remaining armors and helmets of the Joseon period for our better understanding and better maintenance of them. For the purpose, this paper shall try to show the present situations of the remaining armor and helmets of the period in Korea, and their typical classification for periodization, and the nomenclature about them. First, to oversee the present situations of the remaining armor and helmets of the period, study was done about the kinds of armors and helmets, their users, and their possessors today. It was found that the exact dates and users were unclear for many cases of the armors and helmets under our consideration. It is understandable when we consider many of them were exported to foreign countries, instead of being well-preserved in Korea upon excavations. Secondly, for their typical classifications for periodization, types were delineated from the pictures and drawings in reference to the periodical changes of them from Korean historical records. The result was that we can find out 4 types of armors, and 3 types of helmets, with their combinations. This shall be usefully applied for the better periodization of the remaining items. Thirdly, we come to the problem of naming of the remaining armors and helmets. For better nomenclature of the remains all the names of the armors and helmets for the Joseon period are collected from historical literature, to figure out some principles of nomenclature for them. I found some discrepancies with the present names of them, and my propositions are suggested to replace them.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.78-97
• /
• 2021

Seojangdaeyajodo is a drawing of military night training on February 12th (lunar leap month), 1795. Focusing on the Seojangdaeyajodo, the characteristics and of the costumes worn by various types of officials were examined. There were 34 officials located near King Jeongjo in and around Seojangdae, with 27 Dangsanggwan and 7 Danghagwan. They wore three types of costumes, including armor, yungbok, and military uniforms. All of the twelve armor wearers and the five officials wearing yungbok were dangsanggwan, and the military uniform wearers included eleven dangsanggwan and six danghagwan. For the shape of the armor, the armor relics of General Yeoban, suitable for riding horses, and the armor painting of Muyedobotongji were referenced, and the composition of the armor was based on practicality. The armor consists of a helmet, a suit of armor, a neck guard, armpit guards, arm guards, and a crotch guard. The color of the armor was red and green, which are the most frequently used colors in Seojangdaeyajodo. The composition of yungbok was jurip, navy cheollik, red gwangdahoe, socks made of leather, and suhwaja. The composition of the military uniform was a lined jeolrip, dongdari, jeonbok, yodae, jeondae, and suhwaja. There were differences in the fabrics used in dangsanggwan and danghagwan military uniforms. Dangsanggwan used fabric with depictions of clouds and jewels, and danghagwan used unpatterned fabric. Moreover, jade, gold, and silver were used for detailed ornamental materials in dangsanggwan. The weapons included bows and a bow case, a sword, a rattan stick, wrist straps, and a ggakji. In the records of the King Jeongjo period, various colored heopsu were mentioned; the colors of the dongdari and jeonbok of dangsanggwan and danghagwan were referenced in various colors. It was presented as an illustration of costumes that could be used to produce objects accurately reflecting the above historical results. The basic principle of the illustration was to present the modeling standards for 3D content production. Samples of form, color, and material of the corresponding times and statuses were presented. The front, the side, and the back of each costume and its accessories were presented, and the colors were presented in RGB and CMYK.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2013

We, currently settled on the peninsula, have a long history and our ancestors lived over the vast land further to the central Asia and northern China. Normally, our ancestors traded with many countries, but they fought battles when they were on bad terms and many countries emerged and disappeared. In this history, a variety of cultures have been established and the traditional martial arts is a part of those cultures. Our martial arts has been almost severed because of the development of fire weapons in the late Chosun Dynasty, Japan's colonial rule, and 1950-53 Korean War. Fortunately, we can study the traditional martial arts from history books, the records on the martial art books and relics. Muyeadobotongji, the martial art book published in the late Chosun Dynasty, regrets the negligence of martial arts Giyae(arts) after Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and the Manchu war of 1636 and accommodated the martial art skills from Chosun, China and Japan. It is useful for studying martial arts, because it contains detailed description and drawings, clothes and accessories, and the specification of the weapons. However, the problem is the level of Giyae of the martial arts organization and individuals based on Muyeadobotongji vary and some organizations are arguing about the numbers.