• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2009

We expanded the 3D building information extraction method using shadow and vertical line from single high resolution image with meta information into the method for single high resolution image without meta information. Our method guesses an azimuth angle and an elevation angle of the sensor and the sun using reference building, selected by user, on an image. For test, we used an IKONOS image and an image extracted from the Google Earth. We calculated the Root Mean Square (RMS) error of heights extracted by our method using the building height extracted from stereo IKONOS image as reference, and the RMS error from the IKONOS image and the Google Earth image was under than 3 m. We also calculated the RMS error of horizontality position by comparison between building position extracted from only the IKONOS image and it from 1:1,000 digital map, and the result was under than 3 m. This test results showed that the height pattern of building models by our method was similar with it by the method using meta information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2003

This study presents the detailed methods for facilities mapping using GPS and Totalstation. From the control survey by GPS network adjustment, the level of significance fur the height value of fourth order triangulation stations used in this study was estimated about 10cm. According to the result of verification for the transformation coefficients of national coordinate, which were announced by the National Geographic Information Institute, RMSE f coordinate transformation was found out as $\pm$0.546m that can be applied to a map scale less than 1/10,000. The accuracy analysis of height determination by Totalstation for the traverse points spaced average 90m showed that RMSE came out $\pm$9mm on the basis of direct leveling, so it indicated that trigonometric leveling by Totalstation was correct comparatively. The result of accuracy analysis of GPS/RTK surveying on traverse points showed that RMSE came out $\pm$33mm in horizontal location on the basis of Totalstation's outcome and $\pm$15mm in height value on the basis of direct leveling. In the construction survey, GPS/RTK surveying is quicker and more economical than Totalstation surveying in the feasible areas of GPS surveying. but there were many impossible areas for GPS/RTK surveying by the obstacles like a building.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

A new cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Cold-TAS) was recently constructed at the 30 MWth research reactor, HANARO. The spectrometer, which is composed of neutron optical components and radiation shield, required a redesign of the segmented monochromator shield due to the lack of adequate support of its weight. To shed some weight, lowering the height of the segmented shield was suggested while adding more radiation shield to the top cover of the monochromator chamber. To investigate the radiological effect of such change, we performed MCNPX simulations of a few different configurations of the Cold-TAS monochromator shield and obtained neutron and photon intensities at 5 reference points just outside the shield. Reducing the 35% of the height of the segmented shield and locating lead 10 cm from the bottom of the top cover made of polyethylene was shown to perform just as well as the original configuration as radiation shield excepting gamma flux at two points. Using gamma map by MCNPX, it was checked that is distribution of gamma. Increased flux had direction to the top and it had longer distance from top of segmented shield. However, because of reducing the 35% of the height, height of dissipated gamma was lower than original geometry. Reducing the 35% of the height of the segmented shield and locating lead 10cm from the bottom of the top cover was selected. After changing geometry, radiation dose was measured by TLD for confirming tester's safety at any condition. Neutron(0.21 ${\mu}Svhr^{-1}$) and gamma(3.69 ${\mu}Svhr^{-1}$) radiation dose were satisfied standard(6.25 ${\mu}Svhr^{-1}$).

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2011

The objective of the present research was to map QTLs associated with agronomic traits such as days from sowing to flowering, plant height, yield and leaf-related traits in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Two field experiments were conducted with well-irrigated and partially irrigated conditions in randomized complete block design with three replications. A map with 304 AFLP and 191 SSR markers with a mean density of 1 marker per 3.7 cM was used to identify QTLs related to the studied traits. The difference among RILs was significant for all studied traits in both conditions. Three to seven QTLs were found for each studied trait in both conditions. The percentage of phenotypic variance ($R^2$) explained by QTLs ranged from 4 to 49%. Three to six QTLs were found for each yield-related trait in both conditions. The most important QTL for grain yield per plant on linkage group 13 (GYP-P-13-1) under partial-irrigated condition controls 49% of phenotypic variance ($R^2$). The most important QTL for 1,000-grain weight (TGW-P-11-1) was identified on linkage group 11. Favorable alleles for this QTL come from RHA266. The major QTL for days from sowing to flowering (DSF-P-14-1) were observed on linkage group 14 and explained 38% of the phenotypic variance. The positive alleles for this QTL come from RHA266. The major QTL for HD (HD-P-13-1) was also identified on linkage group 13 and explained 37% of the phenotypic variance. Both parents (PAC2 and RHA266) contributed to QTLs controlling leaf-related traits in both conditions. Common QTL for leaf area at flowering (LAF-P-12-1, LAF-W-12-1) was detected in linkage group 12. The results emphasise the importance of the role of linkage groups 2, 10 and 13 for studied traits. Genomic regions on the linkage groups 9 and 12 are specific for QTLs of leaf-related traits in sunflower.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2000

This study is aimed to clarify the distribution chracteristics of marine terraces and extract the specific surface at Gampo-eup, Gyeongju city on the map of 1:5,000 using GIS. The effects and problems occurred on the process of using GIS were investigated for the research of marine terrace. The longitudinal profile analysis was carried out along the 12 sections on the geomorphic surfaces of the study area, and actually High higher surface(HH-surface) was found over 100m a.s.l., which has not been reported till now. And the occupancy rate could be calculated by substitution on the height between 4m and 87m a.s.l. for each mean slope degree $1-5^{\circ}$ obtained from the actual measuring along four sections. Consequently the lower-I surface was highly reliable to use as the key bed for studying marine terraces. The accurate and detail analysis about the marine terraces is able to be accomplished on the basis of meaningful actual measuring, though its general possible distribution area can be extracted from GIS with the less effort. Namely the quantified results obtained from GIS could offer the basis for the objective analysis of the geomorphic surfaces. And we can look over the landscape and investigate the surfaces with reliefs effectively in relation to the real geomorphology on the study area, where in situ approach is difficult. But the digital map with a large scale should be offered first of all in order to raise the accuracy of the analysis.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_1
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• pp.667-677
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• 2020

Crop water stress can be detected based on soil moisture content, crop physiological characteristics and remote-sensing technology. The detection of crop water stress is an important issue for the accurate assessment of yield decline. The crop water stress index (CWSI) has been introduced based on the difference between leaf and air temperature. In this paper, drone-based thermal infrared image was used to map of crop water stress in water control plot (WCP) and water deficit plot (WDP) over spring chinese cabbage fields. The spatial distribution map of CWSI was in strong agreement with the abnormal growth response factors (plant height, plant diameter, and measured value by chlorophyll meter). From these results, CWSI can be used as a good method for evaluation of crop abnormal growth monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

After the great King Munmu constructed Donggung-palace and Wolji-pond in 674, original landscape could not be estimated due to lack of related materials for some 1,250 years until it was surveyed in 1922. Accordingly, the study, to estimate changes of Wolji-pond landscape more accurately, analyzed the study of Hara(1932) and pictures in the Japanese ruling period etc. - these had not been studied so far. The study results are as follows. As a result of comparing survey maps of 1922 and one of 1975, it was found that during 53 years, whole area excluding island showed eroded part by 2~4m, severely, there was mounding area which was lowered by 10m. And it was identified through survey map of 1922 and pictures of the 1950's that inside southern shore protection of the No. 1 construction site were many landscape-stones(景石) which can make imagine a hill; here was water path. Trace of such path etc. remained just before excavation. 2) The construction site No. 3 and 5 in peak shape were higher than construction site No. 1, 2, and 4. Accordingly, there is high possibility that construction stood on high stylobate. So it is wrong that construction site No. 3 and 5 are restored in same height as other construction sites. Comprehensive restoration basic plan made in 2012 was also wrong. As a result of estimating changes of landscape through pictures before excavation of Wolji-pond, the author could identify changes of landscape in mound area and pumice stones which showed much changes in drawing. The study has limit due to lack of space. But if more pictures can be analyzed, it could further help for estimating original landscape of Wolji-pond.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.691-697
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• 2005

Recently, the development of accurate gravity-meter and GPS make it possible to obtain high resolution gravity data. Though gravity data interpretation like modeling and inversion has significantly improved, gravity data processing itself has improved very little. Conventional gravity data processing removes gravity effects due to mass and height difference between base and measurement level. But, it would be a biased density model when some or whole part of anomalous bodies exist above the base level. We attempted to make a multiquadric surface of the survey area from topography with DEM (Digital Elevation Map) data. Then we constituted rectangular blocks which reflect real topography of the survey area by the multiquadric surface. Thus, we were able to carry out 3-D inversions which include information of topography. We named this technique, 3-D Gravity Terrain Inversion (3DGTI). The model test showed that the inversion model from 3DGTI made better results than conventional methods. Furthermore, the 3-dimensional model from the 3DGTI method could maintain topography and as a result, it showed more realistic geologic model. This method was also applied on real field data in Masan-Changwon area. Granitic intrusion is an important geologic characteristic in this area. This method showed more critical geological boundaries than other conventional methods. Therefore, we concluded that in the case of various rocks and rugged terrain, this new method will make better model than convention ones.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

The noise problem is one of the major problems associated with large cities and is considered important factor not only in maintenance but also in development of cities. Accordingly, the noise map is being increasingly used in city planning and design. However, the existing two-dimensional noise maps only show regional, planar distribution of noise. This study presented a method to build a data model for analyzing and visualizing noise levels at fine scale considering the vertical distribution of noise in a building. By expanding the 2D topology concept used in conventional GIS to 3D, it suggested a 3D GIS data model that makes 3D spatial queries, analyses and visualization possible and applied the proposed approach to building a 3D noise information system. By building and testing the system, the study showed different functionalities including 3D spatial queries and 3D visualization of noise levels varying temporally or according as the height of sound-proof walls. In each case, the population exposed to noise was quantitatively computed to illustrate the potential in the areas of city planning and design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 2006

Despite of many researches related to create 3D digital maps, it is still time-consuming and costly because a large part of 3D digital mapping is conducted manually. To circumvent this limitation, we proposed methodologies to create 3D digital maps with 3D symbols automatically. For this purpose, firstly, the 3D symbol library to represent 3D objects as 3D symbols was constructed. In this library, we stored the attribute and geometry information of 3D objects which define types and shapes of symbols respectively. These information were used to match 3D objects with 3D symbols and extracted from 2D digital maps and LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) data. Then, to locate 3D symbols into a base map automatically, we used predefined parameters such as the size, the height, the rotation angle and the center of gravity of 3D objects which are extracted from LiDAR data. Finally, the 3D digital map in urban area was constructed and the results were tested. Through this research, we can identify that the developed algorithms can be used as effective techniques for 3D digital mapping.