• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in gait parameters and symmetry between walking speed by using the Froude number and preferred walking speed. Method: Fifty adults (age: $21.0{\pm}1.7years$, body weight: $71.0{\pm}9.2kg$, height: $1.75{\pm}0.07m$, leg length: $0.89{\pm}0.05m$) participated in this study. Leg length-applied walking speed was calculated by using the Froude number, defined as Fr = ${\upsilon}^2$/gL, where v is the velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration, and L is the leg length. Video data were collected by using eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualysis, Sweden) and the Qualisys Track Manager software (Qualisys, Sweden), with a 200-Hz sampling frequency during two-speed walking (preferred walking speed [PS] and leg length-applied walking speed [LS]) on a treadmill (Instrumented Treadmill, Bertec, USA). The step length, stride length, support percentage, cadence, lower joint angle, range of motion (ROM), and symmetry index were then calculated by using the Matlab R2009a software. Results: Step and stride lengths were greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). The right single-support percentage was greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). The hip joint angle at heel contact and toe-off were greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). The hip and knee joint ROM were greater in LS than in PS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on our findings, we suggest that increased walking speed had a significant effect on step length, stride length, support percentage, and lower joint ROM.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the GRF (ground reaction force) parameters according to the change of positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant in upper & lower limbs. To perform this study, participants were selected 9 healthy women (age: $21.40{\pm}0.94yrs$, height: $166.50{\pm}2.68cm$, body mass: $57.00{\pm}3.61kg$, BMI: $20.53{\pm}1.03kg/m^2$), divided into 2 carrying bag positions (dominant arm/R, non-dominant arm/L) and walked with 3 type of bag weights (0, 3, 5 kg) respectively. One force-plate was used to collect GRF (AMTI OR6-7) data at a sample rate of 1000 Hz. The variables analyzed were consisted of the medial-lateral GRF (Fx), anterior-posterior GRF (Fy), vertical GRF (Fz), impact loading rate and center of pressure (COPx, COPy, COP area, COPy posterior peak time) during downward stairs. 1) The Fx, Fy, Fz, COPx, and COP area of GRF were not statistically significant between dominant leg and non-dominant leg, but non-dominant leg, that is, showed the higher COPy, and showed higher impact loading rate than that dominant leg during downward stairs. 2) In bag wearing to non-dominant arm, Fx, Fz, COPx, COPy, impact loading rate and COP area showed increase tendency according to increase of bag weights. Also, against bag wearing to dominant arm, non-dominant showed different mechanism according to increase of bag weights. The Ground Reaction Force parameters showed different characteristics according to the positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant arm.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2005

Purpose : To examine the relation between male infertility and cold hypersensitivity on lower abdomen. Methods : From 2004, 4 to 2005, 10, a total 60(infertile male 30, normal male on semen analysis 30) patients who visited the Oriental gynecological department of Conmaul Oriental Medicine hospital was selected, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. We compared the temperature of 3 points(CV17, CV12, CV4) of both group by DITI(Dorex, DITI-16UTI and DITI-Spectrum 9000 MB). Results and Conclusion : The general characteristics such as age, weight, height, BMI, amount and frequency of drinking and smoking of both group were not different statistically. The mean ${\Delta}T1$ between upper and lower abdomen in infertile group was higer than in normal group but they were not different statistically. The mean ${\Delta}T2$ between chest and lower abdomen was $0.46{\pm}0.41$ in infertile group, and $0.18{\pm}0.56$ in normal group, and it shows significant difference statistically. There was no significant relationship between sperm motility and ${\Delta}T1$, ${\Delta}T2$ in infertile group. In this study, we suggest that an inclination of cold hypersensitivity of lower abdomen of infertile male, but it is expressed when it is contrasted to chest of the body rather than upper abdomen.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.83-88
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• 2017

In this paper, a 3-port waveguide circulator of Ka-band millimeter-wave for isolation between transmit channel and receive channel at high power transmit mode is designed and fabricated for the seeker of the guided missile and circulator performance is verified through the S-parameter, high power and operation temperature test. At the configuration design, interface design between a seeker antenna and the circulator is considered and half-height of standard waveguide is applied for minimum and light weight body. The shape of permanent magnet and ferrite is optimized by simulation and tuning dielectrics at each port are placed for the best performance. In Fc(center frequency)${\pm}1000MHz$, designed waveguide circulator has below -20 dB return loss, below 0.5 dB insertion loss and below -23 dB isolation. It is found that circulator characteristics is similar to design results.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

Purpose: Obese children may often present with advanced bone age. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between factors associated with childhood obesity and advanced bone age. Methods: We enrolled 232 overweight or obese children. Anthropometric and laboratory data, and the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were measured. We analyzed factors associated with advanced bone age by measuring the differences between bone and chronological ages. Results: The normal and advanced bone age groups were comprised of 183 (78.9%) and 49 (21.1%) children, respectively. The prevalence of advanced bone age significantly increased as the percentiles of height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) increased. BMI z-score was higher in the advanced bone age group than in the normal bone age group (2.43±0.52 vs. 2.10±0.46; p<0.001). The levels of insulin (27.80±26.13 μU/mL vs. 18.65±12.33 μU/mL; p=0.034) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (6.56±6.18 vs. 4.43±2.93; p=0.037) were significantly higher, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were lower (43.88±9.98 mg/dL vs. 48.95±10.50 mg/dL; p=0.005) in the advanced bone age group compared to those in the normal bone age group, respectively. The prevalence of advanced bone age was higher in obese children with metabolic syndrome than in those without (28.2% vs. 14.7%; p=0.016). The prevalence of advanced bone age was higher in obese children with a more severe degree of NAFLD. Conclusion: Advanced bone age is associated with a severe degree of obesity and its complications.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.509-521
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• 2022

Purpose: Systemic health has a profound effect on dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate peri-implant bone loss and health screening data to discover factors that may influence peri-implant diseases. Methods: This study analyzed the panoramic X-rays of patients undergoing health screenings at the Health Promotion Center at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital in 2018, to investigate the relationship between laboratory test results and dental data. The patients' physical data, such as height, weight, blood pressure, hematological and urine analysis data, smoking habits, number of remaining teeth, alveolar bone level, number of implants, and degree of bone loss around the implant, were analyzed for correlations. Their associations with glycated hemoglobin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and severity of periodontitis were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: In total, 2,264 patients opted in for dental health examinations, of whom 752 (33.2%) had undergone dental implant treatment. These 752 patients had a total of 2,658 implants, and 129 (17.1%) had 1 or more implants with peri-implant bone loss of 2 mm or more. The number of these implants was 204 (7%). Body mass index and smoking were not correlated with peri-implant bone loss. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that the severity of periodontal bone loss (moderate bone loss: odds ratio [OR], 3.154; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.175-8.475 and severe bone loss: OR, 7.751; 95% CI, 3.003-20) and BUN (OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.027-1.141) showed statistically significant predictive value. The severity of periodontitis showed greater predictive value than the biochemical parameters of blood glucose, renal function, and liver function. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that periodontal bone loss was a predictor of peri-implant bone loss, suggesting that periodontal disease should be controlled before dental treatment. Diligent maintenance care is recommended for patients with moderate to severe periodontal bone loss.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2023

Objectives This study was written to report Korean medicine treatment for obese children. Methods This study included obese children who visited the Department of Korean Pediatrics at the Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University from September 18, 2020 to March 30, 2023. Height and weight at the first visit and on the day of the last herbal medicine termination were measured, and changes before and after treatment were observed. Liver function tests were performed before and after the treatment. Results Of the nine obese children who received Korean medicine treatment, five were male (55.6%) and four, female (44.4%). In term of age, there were five 8-year-olds (55.6%), two 6-year-olds, and two 10-year-olds (22.2%); the patients' mean age was 8.00 ± 1.414 years. The treatment period was more than three months, and the average treatment period was 177.11 ± 106.013 days. After treatment with Korean medicine, the patients' heights increased, and the body mass index (BMI) percentile and obesity decreased. Liver levels were maintained within the normal range without abnormal liver function after herbal medicine treatment, and no adverse reactions were observed during Korean medicine treatment. As a result of the pattern identification analysis, gastrointestinal damp-heat type and yin deficiency with internal heat were reported at a high frequency. Conclusions Korean medical treatment can reduce the degree of obesity without hindering the growth of childhood obesity.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.184-198
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• 2023

Early prevention of sarcopenia can be an important strategy for muscle maintenance, but most studies target subjects at slightly pre-sarcopenic state. Our previous paper describes the effect of protein supplements rich in leucine and vitamin D on muscle condition, and in this paper, we performed a sub-analysis to evaluate who benefitted the most in terms of improvement in muscle health. A 12-week randomized clinical trial of 120 healthy adults (aged 50 to 80) assigned to an intervention group (n = 60) or control group (n = 60) were analyzed. Subjects in the intervention group received, twice per day, a protein supplement containing (per serving) 800 IU of vitamin D, 20 g of protein (3 g of total leucine), 300 mg of calcium, 1.1 g of fat, and 2.5 g of carbohydrate. The subjects were classified into 'insufficient' and 'sufficient' groups at 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) value of 30 ng/mL. The skeletal muscle mass index normalized to the square of the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) height (kg/m²) increased significantly in the 'insufficient group' difference value of change between weeks 0 and 12 (Δ1.07 ± 2.20; p = 0.037). The SMM normalized by body weight (kg/kg, %) was higher, but not significantly, in the insufficient group (Δ0.38 ± 0.69; p = 0.050). For people with insufficient (serum 25[OH]D), supplemental intake of protein and vitamin D, calcium, and leucine and adequate energy intake increases muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults and would be likely to exert a beneficial effect on muscle health.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The study was curried out to collect information to establish a framework for nutrition education for the prevention of chronic degenerative disease. We analyzed differences in diet quality, food habits and health status of workers by work condition. Anthrometric parameters of height, weight and body fat were measured and biochemical parameters including glucose, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT and hemoglobin were determinded for 194 subjects. To assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of workers, dietary intake was measured by the day 24-hour recall method, Average daily nutrient intake, except for phos-phorous and vitamin C was lower than Korean RDA. The obesity related behavior score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to food habit score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to the food habit score was beet in offices workers than in laborers. Blood pressure, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in laborer than in office workers. Dietary variety score (DVS) food composition group score(FCGS), mean adequacy ratio(MAR) of office worker were better than those of labor workers. When diet quality was evaluated by FCGS(food composition group score) 16.0% of the subjects acquired 5 points and 14.4% of the subjects acquired 2 points.　MAR and INQ showed a significantly positive correlation with DVS and FCGS . This results indicated that the onset possibility of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among chronic degenerative disease was higher in laborers than in office workers, while the onset possibility of obesity was higher in office workers than in laborers. In conclusion the overall diet quality of office workers is betters than that of laborers, therefore, nutrition education for prevention of chronic degenerative disease of industrial workers needs to be more focused on the improvement of the health status of laborers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.769-776
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• 2003

This study has analyzed the association of physical activity and television watching time with obesity in 30-50 aged women from middle income town in Busan city area. Data were obtained using a questionnaire, including information about physical activity, TV watching time and health habit; social data regarding educational level and monthly income; family history of chronic condition. Height and weight were measured. Outcome variable was obesity, defined as a body mass index 25 kg/m$^2$ or greater. Odds ratios (OR) for obesity were estimated by multivariate logistic regression, and interpreted as a relative risk of obesity. The prevalence of obesity was 11.8%. The mean BMI of obese women was 26.9 kg/m$^2$. The OR of obesity was higher in subject of 40s than 30s. Subjects who had higher educational level presented lower OR than those of elementary or middle school education. Family income was not associated with obesity. Women having a family history of chronic condition had higher risk of obesity than those who did not have it. The OR was lower in active people at work (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.26 - 0.98) than in inactive ones, and the ORs associated with regular exercise or activity at leisure time were not statistically different. However, subjects watching TV $\geq$ 3.5 hr/day showed higher OR (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.16 - 4.74), compared with those watching TV $\geq$ 1.5 hr/day. Association of the joint classification of physical activity variables with obesity was estimated. The highest relative risk of 5.99 was in women in physically inactive at work and high category of TV watching ($\geq$ 3.5 hr/day). Even in women in active at work, the watching TV $\geq$ 3.5 hr/day made them have the high OR (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.03 - 5.77). And at each time level of TV watching, the increasing activity level at work was associated with lower OR for obesity. These findings suggest that both TV watching time and physical activity at work were related to obesity in adult female, each with independent effects on obesity. TV watching time seems to be a significant factor that could partly evaluate the energy expenditure.