• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Positive effect of multiple-PGPR (Plan Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil, on the germination of Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea) was quantitatively estimated in 5 heavy metal (Cd, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb) contaminated liquid medium. The $EC_{50}$ value for respective heavy metal was estimated by TSK (Trimmed Speraman-Karber) model based on germination rate. The results showed overall increase in $EC_{50}$ with PGPR inoculation. The $EC_{50}$ value increased 1.4% from 96.0 mg/L (control) to 97.4 mg/L (PGPR-treated) in As contaminated medium. In Ni contaminated medium, the $EC_{50}$ value increased 31.9% from 148.0 mg/L (control) to 195.2 mg/L (PGPR-treated), while the $EC_{50}$ showed 4.8% increase from 63.4 mg/L (control) to 66.5 mg/L (PGPR-treated) in Cu medium. Overall seedling growth was stronger in the PGPR treated seeds than that in the control, but positive effect on seedling growth was not conspicuous. At effective concentration of 100 mg/L, the average seedling length of the PGPR treatment in As, Cd, Cu, and Ni medium, respectively, was 1.13, 0.14, 0.40, and 0.06 cm longer than that in the control. However, the increase of seedling growth was statistically insignificant (p < 0.05). These results suggest that inoculation of the isolated-PGPR exerts positive effects on seed germination by reducing heavy metal toxicity and can be an effective tool for application of phytoremediation on heavy metal contaminated soils.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.739-748
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• 2020

The characteristics of heavy metal ion (Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cr³⁺) adsorption by zeolite synthesized from Jeju scoria using the fusion and hydrothermal method, were studied. The synthetic zeolite was identified as a Na-A zeolite by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. The equilibrium of heavy metal ion adsorption by synthetic zeolite was reached within 60 min for Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺, and 90 min for Cr³⁺. The uptake of heavy metal ions increased with increasing pH in the range of pH 3-6 and the uptake decreased in the order of Cr³⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺. For initial heavy metal concentrations of 20-250 mg/L at nonadjusted pH, the adsoption of heavy metal ions was well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum uptake of heavy metal ions obtained from the Langmuir model, decreased in the order of Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺, differing from the effect of pH on the uptake, which was mainly based on the different pH of the solutions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to investigate the healing loss and the heavy metal residues such as copper, zinc, manganese, cadmium and lead In porcine visceras by inductively coupled argon plasma spectrometer(ICP), and to probe changes when porcine visceras were boiling In water treatment(BWT), heating in autoclave treatment (HAT) and heating In oil treatment (HOT) . The range of heating loss on porcine viscera were BWT(23.11∼34.53%) , HAT(18.48∼28.00%) and HOT(14.20∼25.22%)and the heart tissue were higher and liver were lower than those of the other tissues. The total value of heavy metal residues in large intestine, small intestine, heart, kidney, liver and stomach tissue were 11.298${\pm}$5.302 ppm, 27.825${\pm}$8. 177 ppm, 16.756${\pm}$6.334 ppm 21.107${\pm}$6.057 ppm, 25.369 ${\pm}$ 10.164 ppm and 12.611 ${\pm}$5.513 ppm, respectively. Heavy metal residues in porcine visceras tended to decrease according to heating methods and the variety viscera, and the change of total heavy metal residues on BWT, HAT and HOT were 4.16∼32.57%, 12.01∼28.09% and 9.60∼25.76%, respectively. The decrease of lead element of mean value were 21.76% and copper, zinc, manganese and cadmium element were 18.00∼ 18.16%. The change of heavy metal residues were not significant in the porcine visceras(P>0.05), and the these were significantly correlated among the three heating method(P < 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2015

In general, plant roots accumulate more heavy metals than the above ground organs such as leaf, stem, and fruit. This implies that root medicinal plants would be an issue with excessive heavy metal accumulation. Therefore, the current study was carried out to investigate the distribution of heavy metal (focused on Cd and Pb) concentrations in soils and medicinal plant roots grown in different region of Korea. Total 293 samples for each soil and plant were collected along the national wide. Soil pH, total and phytoavailable metal concentrations (1 M $NH_4NO_3$ extracted) in soils were determined and heavy metal concentrations in root of the medicinal plants were analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations of the soil samples studied were not exceeded standard limits legislated in 'Soil Environmental Conservation Act', except 2 samples for Cu. However, substantial amount of Cd was accumulated in medicinal plant roots with 29% samples exceeding the standard limit legislated in 'Pharmaceutical Affairs Act' while all plant samples were lower than the standard limit value for Pb. Also the current study demonstrated that cadmium concentrations in the roots were governed by the phytoavailable Cd in soils, which decreased as soil pH increased. From this result, application of heavy metal immobilization technique using a pH change-induced immobilizing agents can be suggested for safer root medicinal plant production.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2019

Today's scientists try to remove heavy metals with many new technologies such as phytoremediation. One of the best cutting edge technologies is developing transgenic plants to remove certain heavy metal in soil. I constructed the transformation vector expressing T. goesingense Metal Transport Protein1 gene and TgMTP1: GFP genes. The transgenic plants were selected and confirmed the transformed genes into Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Expression was confirmed in several parts in Arabidopsis cells, tissues and organs. When TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected, transgenic plants showed higher heavy metal tolerance than non-transgenic. For further study I selected the transgenic plant lines with enhanced tolerance against four different heavy metals; Zn, Ni, Co, Cd. The accumulation of these metals in these plants was further analyzed. The TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plant of selected lines are resistant against heavy metals. This plant is characterized by the expression of the MTP1 gene accumulating heavy metal in the vacuole and being simultaneously expressed on the plasma membrane. In conclusion, these plants may be used in plant purification applications, and as a plant with increased tolerance.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2001

The study was conducted to measure the heavy metal pollution of soils at the playground for children and to investigate the characteristics of heavy metals distribution I city. The studied area was divided into two: the residential area and the industrial area. The samples of the sands and soils were collected from both areas. The results were obtained as follows. All average concentration of 6 different heavy metals was found to be lower than the standard of soil pollution. Zn, Pb and cu concentrations were higher than other species of heavy metals. The contents of heavy metals in the soil were higher than the sands. The average contents of Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Hg and Cd in soil were 38.36, 9.53, 7.31, 0.03, 0.18 and 0.09 mg/kg respectively. Comparing with the residential area, heavy metal concentrations of the industrial area were 4.60, 1.49, 2.60 and 4.29 times for Zn, Pb, Hg and Cd in soils, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.393-397
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• 1999

Among various reactions which metal sulfides can undergo in the reducing environment, the lattice exchange reaction was examined in a attempt to selectively remove heavy metal ions contained in the Fe-Coagulants acid solution. We have examined Zeta potential along with pHs to investigate surface characteristics of ${FeS}_{(s)}$. As a result of this experiment, zero point charge(ZPC) of FeS is pH 7 and zeta potential which resulted from solid solution reaction between Pb(II) and ${FeS}_{(s)}$ is similar to that of ${PbS}_{(s)}$. Solubility characteristics of ${FeS}_{(s)}$ is appeared to that dissolved Fe(II) concentration increased in less than pH 4, and also increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. Various heavy metal ions(Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)) contained in Fe-coagulants acid solution were removed selectively more than ninety-five percent in the rang of pH 2.5~10 by ${FeS}_{(s)}$. From the above experiments, therefore, We could know that the products of reaction between heavy metal ions and $FeS_{(S)}$ are mental sulfide such as $PbS_{(S)}$, $CuS_{(S)}$ and $ZnS_{(S)}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.290-292
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• 2004

Heavy metal contamination has been increased in aqueous environments near many industrial facilities, such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, and tanneries. The soils in the vicinity of many military bases are also reported to be contaminated and pose a risk of groundwater and surface water contamination with heavy metals. The biological removal of metals through bioaccumulation has distinct advantages over conventional methods; the process rarely produces undesirable or deleterious chemical byproducts, it is highly efficient, easy to operate and cost-effective in the treatment of large volumes of wastewater containing toxic heavy metals. In addition, a recent development of molecular biology shed light on the enhancing the microorganism's natural remediation capability as well as improving the current biological treatment. In this study, characteristics of the cell growth and heavy metal accumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing phytochelatin syntahse (PCS) gene were studied in batch cultures. The AtCRFI gene was demonstrated to confer substantial increases in metal tolerance in yeast. PCS-expressing cells tolerated more Cd$^{2＋}$ than controls.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.217-221
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• 2005

The evaporation amounts of volatile Cd, Pb and Zn were characterized by measuring their total concentrations in the EAF dust-clay bodies with various mixing ratio and heat treatment temperature. TCLP test was conducted for evaluating the chemical stabilities of the heavy metal elements. Evaporation amounts and leaching concentrations of heavy metal components were strongly dependent on the mixing ratio and heat treatment temperature. The evaporation of the heavy metal components in EAF dust was effectively suppressed by increasing the clay content. The leaching concentrations of heavy metal components were decreased with increasing clay content and temperature. 20 wt% EAF dust-80 wt% clay sample shows nearly zero evaporation and leaching concentrations of heavy metal components. XRD analysis showed that peak intensities of major crystalline phases such as franklinite and quartz were decreased with increasing the heat treatment temperature which means that the stabilization mechanism of the heavy metals was related with the vitrification process of the $SiO_2$ in the clay.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

This study was carried out to estimate heavy metal loads at plain area of the rural watersheds during farming season in 2006. The experimental area was belonging to Geum River watershed. That was located at the center of South Korea. Water samples were corrected at two kinds of aspects. One is regular sampling(every two month) and the other is irregular sampling(every rainfall event). The result showed that heavy metal properties of regular samples were highest at May and June with lively agricultural activities. Heavy metal concentration of irregular samples was lower than that of regular samples. But the heavy metal loads of irregular samples were high. The correlation between each heavy metals of regular samples was following as Mn-Cd > Mn-Fe > Mn-Al > Fe-Al > Al-Cd. The correlation of irregular samples was following as Fe-AI > Zn-Mn > Fe-Cd > Cd-Al. Loading rates of daily discharge the plain area of designed rural watershed during farming season were Al 3.070 kg/day, Cu 0.526 kg/day, Fe 0.745 kg/day, Zn 0.314 kg/day, Cd 0.010 kg/day, Cr 0.055 kg/day, Mn 0.140 kg/day and Pb 0.098 kg/day. Loading rate of discharge with heavy metals during the survey period was Al(577.23 kg) > Fe(140.08 kg) > Cu(98.93 kg) > Zn(58.99 kg) > Mn(26.34 kg) > Pb(18.51 kg) > Cr(10.34 kg) > Cd(1.93 kg).