• Title/Summary/Keyword: heavy traffic

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Analysis on the Navigational Dangerous Elements in Southwestern Coastal Area of Korea (서남해 연안해역의 항행 위해요소에 관한 분석)

  • Baek, Won-Sun;Gim, Ok-Sok;Jeong, Jae-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.219-225
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    • 2008
  • Since July 2006, marine traffic safety management system have been enforced to support the vessels transiting across the coastal area and the vessels coming in and out of ports in southwestern coastal area where heavy traffic density and marine casualties occurred frequently. The marine traffic volume for the marine traffic environmental assessment was measured by the information from RADAR and AIS system in the area. The distributions of marine casualties were analyzed in the main routes and traffic separation schemes during the last five years and the navigational dangerous elements were investigated with the influence of natural environment, the distribution of fisheries and survey questionnaire. Marine accidents of merchant ships have a tendency to decrease gradually but in case of fishing boats, the rate of marine accidents have a contrary results in this area during the last five years. The dangerous elements on navigation appeared to be the dense force from June to August, fisheries activities and the vessels which not follow the compulsory watch on VHF-band radio communication equipments.

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A Design Focuses on the Internal Structure of Double-level Tunnel (도심지 대심도 복층터널의 내부구조물 계획)

  • Park, Shin-Young;Jeong, Jae-Ho;Cho, Nam-Kak;Shin, Il-Jae;Sim, Dong-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2010.09a
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    • pp.1314-1321
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    • 2010
  • The west express way which links south west area of the central city of Seoul has been notorious for extremely heavy traffics since its first opening in 1991(i.e. the average vehicle speed is less than 25km/h, a daily traffic is 112,000 and among them, more than 94% of the vehicles are the light vehicles). The city government recently initiated a new BTO(Build-Transfer-Operate) project as an alternative in releasing heavy traffic and a high construction cost. The proposed underground express road is the first double-level tunnel (i.e. a total length of road is 10,91km and the tunnel is 9.308km long) ever built in South Korea, while such tunnel system is not new worldwide as such A86 East tunnel in France, SMART tunnel in Malaysia, and Fuxing tunnel in China. This paper discusses major design issues regarding the internal structures such as deck slab, and secondary liner.

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A Study on the Acceptable Range of Data Error in Road Traffic Noise Mapping (도로교통 소음지도 제작시 데이터 오차의 유효범위에 대한 연구)

  • Park, S.J.;Ko, J.H.;Chang, S.I.;Lee, B.C.;Song, K.S.;Kim, J.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.628-632
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of study is to confirm a acceptable range of data errors in data collecting. To examine a acceptable range of data errors, emission level is calculated for a vehicle flow and heavy vehicle percentage as a function of small-sized velocity. According to road selected, noise level of detail influence road noise calculations. It can be concluded that a vehicle flow raised an error less than 5000(veh/h) for a maximum error in emission level of 3.01dB, and the more a heavy vehicle percentage have a low value, the more emission level is a slight difference. This analysis gives insight regarding the accuracy of traffic flow data that is needed to reach a certain level of accuracy for the resulting noise level.

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Assessment of Health Risk Posed by Orgnic Substances of Suspended Particulate Matters in a Heavy Traffic Area of Seoul (교통 혼잡지역의 대기 부유분진중 유기혼합물에 의한 발암위해성 평가)

  • Shin, Dong-Chun;Lim, Young-Wook;Park, Seong-Eun;Chung, Yong
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.567-576
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    • 1996
  • Air pollution has been recognized for many years as a factor which heightens the risk of cancer. Extractable polycyclic organic matters in air particulates have been recognized as to have carcinogenic effects. This study examined the health risks posed by organic substances of air particulates in Seoul based on methodelogies that have been developed for conducting risk posed by organic substances of sir particulates in Seoul based on methodologies that have been developed for conducting risk assessment of complex -chemical-mixture. The data used in this study was obtained from air samples collected in a heavy traffic area of Seoul (Shinchon) from 1986 to 1994. The mean concentration of total supended pariculates was 158.0.mu.g/m/msup 3/, 5% of which is consisted of organic matter. The excess cancer risk from benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was estimated to be 3.48.times.10$^{-6}$ by applying BaP unit risk estimates to the mean concentration. 8.74ng/m BaP equivalents of potency method was 1.0.times.10$^{-3}$ . The calculated risk from EOM were comparably higher than that from benzo(a)pyrene and exceeded the acceptable risk level.

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Analysis of Indoor Air Pollutants from Elementary School Classrooms with Different Environment in Ulsan, Korea (울산광역시 초등학교 실내공기오염물질의 환경적 특성에 따른 농도 분석)

  • Lee, Chi-Hyeon;Lee, Byeong-Kyu;Kim, Yang-Ho;Lee, Ji-Ho;Oh, In-Bo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.97-116
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    • 2011
  • This study analyzed indoor air pollutants from elementary school with different environment. Air sampling and measurement were carried out from classrooms and hallways from three target elementary schools in the fall and winter seasons. The winter average concentrations of $PM_{10}$, $CO_2$, CO, aldehydes and ketones, and benzene were higher than the fall ones. The fall average concentrations of $O_3$ and $NO_2$ were higher than the winter ones. The concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $CO_2$ at the schools near the heavy traffic areas and having poor ventilation were higher than those from the other elementary school. The average concentration of CO at the school having heavy traffic volume was highest. The concentrations of $O_3$, $NO_2$, aldehydes and ketones, and VOCs at the school near the shipbuilding industries were highest among the three elementary schools.

A study on the evaluation of dangerous roads under heavy rain (집중호우에 의한 위험도로 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Youngmi;Jung, Myungkyun;Kim, Chang Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2013.05a
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    • pp.917-918
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    • 2013
  • Navigation or Portal sites is providing real-time information of roads according to heavy rain in guide services for finding a path recently. Especially "e-traffic alerts" is providing traffic information according to the presence of road flooding and accidents. This research is goal to provide drivers to real-time status information of roads which have the connected its information to support the real-time rainfall information of meteorological office and portal sites. We suggest the evaluation method of risk roads combined the real-time rainfall information and portal information.

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Carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in suspended particulates of Seoul (서울시 대기 부유 분진중 중금속에 대한 발암 위해성 평가)

  • Shin, Dong-Chun;Chung, Yong;Kim, Jong-Man;Lim, Young-Wook
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.105-115
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to assess the health risk of carcinogenic heavy metals such as arsenic, nickel, chromium and cadmium Ambient concentrations of these metals were measured bimonthly, during May 1987 to March 1988. Respirable Particle concentrations of As, Ni, Cr, Cd in traffic area(Shinchon) were 16ng/㎥, 43ng/㎥, 4.2ng/㎥, 6.6ng/㎥, respectively, and in residential area(Bulkwang) were 25ng/㎥, 32ng/㎥, 4.7ng/㎥, 8.9ng/㎥, respectively. Carcinogenic risk of each metal was calculated by multiplication of ambient concentration and unit risk of the metal which was referred to recent version of Integrated Risk Information System(IRIS). Sum of the risk from these for metals was 9.8$\times$10$^{-5}$ as individual risk in traffic area and 13.9$\times$10$^{-5}$ in residential area.

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Proposal for an Inundation Hazard Index of Road Links for Safer Routing Services in Car Navigation Systems

  • Kim, Ji-Young;Lee, Jae-Bin;Lee, Won-Hee;Yu, Ki-Yun
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.430-439
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    • 2010
  • Inundation of roads by heavy rainfall has attracted more attention than traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and construction because it simultaneously causes travel delays and threatens driver safety. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose an inundation hazard index (IHI) of road links, which shows the possibility of inundation of road links caused by rainfall. To generate the index, we have used two key data sources, namely the digital elevation model (DEM) and past rainfall records of when inundation has occurred. IHI is derived by statistically analyzing the relationships between the normalized relative height of the road links calculated from DEM within the watershed and past rainfall records. After analyzing the practical applicability of the proposed index with a commercial car navigation system through a set of tests, we confirmed that the proposed IHI could be implemented to choose safer routes, with reduced chances of encountering roads having inundation risks.

Study on Bridge Dynamic Responses under Vehicle Loads (차량하중에 의한 교량의 동적응답특성 분석)

  • 김상효;박흥석;윤성호
    • Computational Structural Engineering
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.337-347
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    • 1997
  • The dynamic responses of highway bridges are varying depending on the features of either traveling vehicles or bridges. In this study, the probabilistic characteristics of dynamic amplification factors of highway bridges due to traveling heavy vehicles have been examined through analytical simulation processes. The truck with tandem axle and tractor with semitrailer are selected as the representative heavy vehicles, which are modeled with three dimensional 7-DOF and 12-DOF models, respectively. The analytical results have been compared with the experimental results of dynamic loading tests and the validity of the analytical models has been examined. Parametric studies on the means and extreme values of amplification factors have been performed with various traffic conditions such as vehicle types, vehicle weights, surface profiles, number of loading vehicles, loading positions, etc.

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Analysis of external environmental factors affecting patient transport time

  • LEE, Hyeryeong;PARK, Sang Woong;YUN, Eunjeong;KIM, Dakyeong;CHOI, Hea Kyung
    • The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2022
  • Emergency transport is directly related to the life of the patient, and rapid transport to the hospital is crucial. However, external environmental factors such as traffic or weather, interfere with hospital transport. In this study, we investigated the external environment affecting hospital transport time. We examined the transfer time and patient treatment time of emergency patients in an area of northern Gyeonggi-do from 2018 to 2020. Diagnosis after arrival at the hospital was used, and on-site treatment time was measured from paramedic arrival time at the scene to departure. Furthermore, we examined whether there was a correlation between the time paramedics left the scene and hospital arrival time through the reason for the delay as recorded in the emergency log. Traffic jams had the greatest impact on patient transport, while transport delays occurred due to heavy rain, but not snow. Among injured patients, electrical accidents were the most problematic in terms of on-site treatment time. This was because a lot of first aid is needed in electrical accidents. It must be necessary to mobilize two ambulances in an emergency through the expansion of infrastructure, prepare a plan for rapid transport in heavy rain, and implement strong laws against transport obstruction.