• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2005

EAF 더스트-점토계 소지에서 혼합비와 열처리 온도에 따른 소지 내의 중금속 총량을 측정하여 높은 증기압을 갖는 Cd, Pb, Zn 등의 중금속 성분의 휘발량을 분석하였으며 TCLP 분석을 통해 소지 내 중금속 성분의 안정화에 대해 평가하였다. 중금속 성분의 휘발은 EAF 더스트-점토의 혼합비와 열처리 온도에 크게 영향을 받으며 점토의 혼합비가 증가할수록 휘발이 효과적으로 억제되었다. 중금속 성분의 용출은 점토의 혼합비와 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 감소하였으며 안정화 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. EAF 더스트 20wt%-점토 800 wt%의 혼합비를 갖는 소지의 경우 중금속의 휘발과 용출이 거의 없었으며 XRD 분석 결과에 의하면 점토의 혼합비와 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 EAF 더스트-점토계 소지의 주결정상인 $(Zn{\cdot}Fe)Fe_2O_4$상과 quartz상의 회절강도가 감소하였으며, 이는 중금속의 휘발 억제 및 안정화 기구가 점토의 $SiO_2$ 성분에 의한 유리화 과정에 의한 것임을 나타내는 것으로 보여진다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 2009

The ocean contains around eighty elements of the periodic table and uranium is also one among them, with a uniform concentration of 3.3 ppb and a relative abundance factor of 23. With a large coastline, India has a large stake in exploiting the 4 billion tonnes of uranium locked in seawater. The development of radiation grafting techniques, which are useful in incorporating the required functional groups, has led to more efficient adsorbent preparations in various geometrical configurations. Separation based on a polymeric adsorbent is becoming an increasingly popular technique for the extraction of trace heavy metals from seawater. Radiation grafting has provided definite advantages over chemical grafting. Studies related to thermally bonded non woven porous polypropylene fiber sheet substrate characterization and parameters to incorporate specific groups such as acrylonitrile (AN) into polymer back bones have been investigated. The grafted polyacrylonitrile chains were chemically modified to convert acrylonitrile group into an amidoxime group, a chelating group responsible for heavy metal uptake from seawater/brine. The present work has been undertaken to concentrate heavy metal ions from lean solutions from constant potential sources only. A scheme was designed and developed for investigation of the recovery of heavy metal ions such as uranium and vanadium from seawater.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2004

Five sediment cores from the tidal flat of artificial Lake Shihwa are analyzed in terms of sedimentology and geochemistry to evaluate the heavy metal contamination and redox condition of surficial sediment following the Shihwa seawall construction. The variability of concentrations of various elements depends on the depositional environment, and reflects the various redox conditions and sediment provenances. The amounts of Ti and Al and their ratio of Ti/ Al with respect to Li clearly indicate that there is an anthropogenic contribution to the surficial sediment. The high concentrations of heavy metals suggest an anthropogenic contribution at ST. 34 and ST. 22. Concentrations of most elements (Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb) are higher near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex than in the central part of Lake Shihwa. Concentrations of heavy metal in surficial sediment near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex are two to eight times higher than in the center of Lake Shihwa. Enrichment factors (EF), which are normalized by the unpolluted shale, suggests a significant metallic contamination near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex (SBIC). The redox condition is divided into two anoxic and mixed oxi $c_oxic zones based on the carbon:sulfur (C/S) ratios of organic matter and elemental relationships. Correlations among geochemical elements Mn, U and Mo are significantly different from site to site, and may therefore be an indicator of the spatial redox condition. Controlling factors for switching anoxic/oxic conditions are thought to be water depth and the differences in industrial effluent supply. The variations of the Cu/Mn ratio in the sediments confirms above mentioned spatial differences of a redox condition in part, and therefore shows a location-dependence redox condition in sediments at four other sites. The redox condition of the surficial sediment characteristics of the Shihwa Lake are controlled by its geographic location and water depth.th.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1998

충남 금산의 대성폐탄광 주변 토양 및 식생에 대한 중금속의 오염도를 파악하기 위해, 탄질물을 함유하는 오염지역과 그렇지 않은 비오염지지역으로 구분하여 양 지역에서 토양과 식물체(참억새와 리기 다소나무에 대해 Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Sc및 Zn등 7개 중금속의 농도를 조사하였다. 토양내 중금속 농도는 Cr, Mo, Ni, Fe의 경우 탄질물을 많이 함유하는 오염지역에서 높았으며, Co, Sc, Zn은 비오염지역의 토양에 더 많이 함유되어 있었다 오염지에서 생육하는 참억새 및 리기다소나무의 Co, Cr, Sc, Fe농도는 지상부 보다 뿌리내의 농도가 더 높았으며, 비오염지에서 Ni및 Mo은 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 참억새의 경우 지상부는 Cr을 제외한 Co, Mo, Ni, Sc, Zn, Fe원소 모두 비오염지에서 농도가 높았고, 뿌리는 Zn을 제외한 모든 원소가 오염지에서 높게 나타났다. 리기다소나무의 경우에 지상부는 Cr과 Fe만 비오염지에서 높았고, 뿌리는 모든 원소가 오염지에서 높았다. 오염지 및 비오염지의 식생내 중금속 농도는 Zn을 제외하고 전원소가 토양의 농도 보다 낮았다. 토양과 식물체내 중금속 농도의 원소별 변화는 리기다소나무 보다 참억새가 토양의 함량치에 가까웠으며, 탄질물을 많이 함유한지역일수록 참억새 보다 리기다소나무의 중금속 흡수가 더 높았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1991

환경오염(環境汚染) 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 지리산(智異山) 지역내(地域內)에서 서식(棲息)하고 있는 꿩과 멧비둘기, 직박구리, 호랑지빠귀, 흰배지빠귀, 박새, 물까치, 까마귀, 큰부리까마귀, 참새 등(等) 10종(種)의 성조(成鳥)에 대한 각(各) 조직기관별(組織器官別) 중금속(重金屬)의 농도(濃度)를 분석(分析)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 채집(採集)한 10종(種)의 조류(鳥類)에 대한 중금속(重金屬)의 축적농도(蓄積濃度)는 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn 등(等)의 필수원소(必須元素)는 타지역(他地域)과 비슷한 수준(水準)이었으나 Pb, Cd, Hg, 등(等)과 같은 오염원소(汚染元素)는 대체(大體)로 낮은 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. 텃새인 꿩의 근육(筋肉)에서의 Hg는 $0.01{\mu}g/g$, Cd는 $0.05{\mu}g/g$로서 낮게 검출(檢出)된데 비(比)하여 여름새인 호랑지빠귀의 근육(筋肉)에서의 Hg는 $0.17{\mu}g/g$ Cd는 $0.08{\mu}g/g$로서 높게 검출(檢出)되었다. 3. 연(鉛)(Pb)은 근육(筋肉)에서는 거의 검출(檢出)되지 않았지만 수렵조류(狩獵鳥類)인 꿩과 멧비둘기에서$0.11{\mu}g/g{\sim}0.17{\mu}g/g$이 검출(檢出)되었고 대체(大體)로 카드뮴(Cd)에 의(依)한 오염(汚染)보다는 수은(水銀)(Hg)의 오염(汚染)에 편중(偏重)되어 있는 경향(傾向)이었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 1992

The x-ray fluorescence(XRF) is one of the most convenient and widely used techniques for analyzing trace elements in ambient particulate matters. The objects of the study were to estimate the optimum exposure time using the XRF, to investigate the distributions of heavy metal levels in particulate matters, and finally to study seasonal variation for the concentrations of total suspended particulate matters(TSP) and size fractionated particulate matters. The suspended particulate matters had been collected by a cascade impactor having 9 size fragnated stages for 3 years(Dec. 1988 to Nov. 1991) in Kyung Hee University-Suwon Campus. The particulate matters were then collected on each stage by membrane filters. The weight concentrations were determined by the XRF system. Thus, seasonal variations and relationship between concentration and particle size could be investigated. Resulting distribution was bimodal with the coarse and the fine particle groups minimum occurring around 2.1 to 3.3 $\mu$m as an aerodynamic diameter. To determine optimum exposure time of the XRF for various trace inorganic elements, membrane filters and the NIST standard filters were extensively studied. Using a statistical technique, optimum exposure time was estimated for each trace element and overall elements. The time was then determined as 20 seconds for the XRF system. The concentration of TSP was 123.9$\mum/m^3$ on an arithmatic average. The levels of each inorganic metal were Si 2420.0ng/$m^3$, Fe 977.1ng/$m^3$, and so on. The Pb. Zn, and Cu abounded in the fine mode group, while Ca, Fe, Si, Al, and K in the coarse group. Marked seasonal variation of TSP and metal concentrations was observed. The concentration of heavy metals in the fine mode was highest in winter : on the other hand, that in the coarse mode was highest in spring.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.281.2-281.2
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• 2013

Since heavy metal ions included in water or food resources have critical effects on human health, highly sensitive, rapid and selective analysis for heavy metal detection has been extensively explored by means of electrochemical, optical and colorimetric methods. For example, quantum dots (QDs), such as semiconductor QDs, have received enormous attention due to extraordinary optical properties including high fluorescence intensity and its narrow emission peaks, and have been utilized for heavy metal ion detection. However, the semiconductor QDs have a drawback of serious toxicity derived from cadmium, lead and other lethal elements, thereby limiting its application in the environmental screening system. On the other hand, Graphene oxide (GO) has proven its superlative properties of biocompatibility, unique photoluminescence (PL), good quenching efficiency and facile surface modification. Recently, the size of GO was controlled to a few nanometers, enhancing its optical properties to be applied for biological or chemical sensors. Interestingly, the presence of various oxygenous functional groups of GO contributes to opening the band gap of graphene, resulting in a unique PL emission pattern, and the control of the sp2 domain in the sp3 matrix of GO can tune the PL intensity as well as the PL emission wavelength. Herein, we reported a photoluminescent GO array on which heavy metal ion-specific DNA aptamers were immobilized, and sensitive and multiplex heavy metal ion detection was performed utilizing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the photoluminescent monolayered GO and the captured metal ion.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2016

In this study, the contents of dust and associated heavy metals on roadside plants were investigated to assess their foliar transfer. The study was conducted at six different locations (four roadside and two industrial) near an industrial area in Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh), India. Six metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) were examined in this study. The concentrations of heavy metals in foliar dust were found to be in the order of Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. However, this relative order changed in the case of leaf concentrations to Fe>Mn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr. The metal concentrations in the dust and leaves can be attributed mainly to industrial and vehicular emissions. In contrast to other metals, Cd showed significant accumulation in the leaves compared to the respective dust samples. This study showed different patterns in the distributions of heavy metals between the dust deposited on the leaves and the metal accumulated in the leaves. These results suggest that the dust retention and heavy metal accumulation in native plant species should be explored in an attempt to manage these hazardous metallic elements.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2004

A simple and convenient digestion method was developed for the determination of heavy metal in polyurethane sample using only nitric acid in open system without heating. This digestion method had prevented loss of volatile elements of Hg and As and reduced the pretreatment time for the sample digestion. The detection limit is lowered over 10 times than that of microwave digestion method. Recoveries in polyurethane material were 108% for As, 96 ~ 99% for Hg, 102 ~ 103% for Cr, 98 ~ 102% for Pb, 86 ~ 90% for Cd, and 90 ~ 93% for Cu.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

The behavior and characteristics of heavy metals at different streams in a MSWI(Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) with a capacity of 100tonnes/day were investigated by measuring the concentration of heavy metals and gases and analyzing their leaching data from ashes. Metal components of Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb were in higher concentrations in the fly ashes collected after the water spray tower than in the bottom ashes. It was due to condensation by a lower temperature with water spray cooling. Metal contents in the bottom ash became higher for finer particles as expected. The mass balance of heavy metals in different stream was estimated from the analyzed data in bottom ash and collected dusts at different locations. For the lower volatility of metals such as Pb, Cu, Cr, 88-97% of them remained in the bottom ash, while Cd and Hg escaped from the combustor with remaining in bottom ash of 18.4 and 0.8%, respectively. In most cases the leaching rate of fly ash showed higher values than that of bottom ash, with the their average acidities of 9.8 and 11.9 respectively.