• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1998

Swage sludge cakes produced from domestic wastewater treatment plants were collected from 21 different sites throughout Korea, and chemical properties of the sludge samples were determined. Inorganic nutrient contents did not indicate great differences among swage sludges from each sites, whereas the toxic heavy metal contents differed greatly. T-N, $NH_4{^+}-N$ and $NO_3{^-}-N$ contents from 21 sites sludges ranged 2.3-6.0, 291-4284, $1.4-58.8mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) contents ranged 2.86-58.22, 144.0-5417.3, N.D.-943.5, and $N.D.-8,083mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. One of the sludges was treated to soils at rates of 12.5, 25, 50. and 100, $Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and incubated for 12 weeks to determine nitrogen materialization rate. Ammoniun nitrogen content decreased sharply at higher rates of sludge treatment up to 8 weeks after treatment and did not change much, while $NO_3{^-}$ increased at all treatment levels. The net amount of mineralized N of sludge treatment rates (12.5, 25, 50, and $100Mg\;ha^{-1}$) during 12weeks incubation were 189.0, 277.2, 303.8 and $376.6mg\;kg^{-1}$.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2009

Three different Cordyceps militaris(Paecilomyces tenuipes and Cordyceps militaris from grain or pupae) were analysed for their chemical composition, fatty acids composition and the concentration of amino acids, cordycepin and heavy metal to obtain basic information on them as feed supplements for livestock. The crude protein content of C. militaris from grain and pupae was 76.16 and 75.45%, respectively, being higher than that of P. tenuipes(57.21%). The concentration of linoleic acid was much higher but that of linolenic acid was much lower for C. militaris from grain than for the others. The cordycepin content was significantly higher for C. militaris from grain than for that from pupae (1.64% vs 0.68% on a DM basis). But cordycepin was not detected in P. tenuipes. Heavy metal contents(Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg) for all C. militaris were below the allowance levels recommended by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals that are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter $(PM_{10})$ during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadways. Personal exposures to VOCs and $PM_{10}$ were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops. According to the questionnaire, hairdressers complained of sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as physical symptoms. The measured mean concentrations of respiratory particulates were $30.5ng/m^3$ in indoor, $30.5ng/m^3$ in outdoor and $44.0ng/m^3$ on personal levels. The personal concentration was found higher than indoor and outdoor concentrations. The heavy metals mean concentrations were shown as indoor (Na>Zn>Cr), outdoor (Cr>Zn>Pb), and personal (Na>Cr>Zn) levels. Conclusively, customers as well as workers in the beauty shops might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper management should be taken to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shops.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1985

Loach, Misgurnus mizolepis, sampled from Milyang, Ulsan Gijang, Youngsan and Kimhae area in summer and autumn was subjected to quantitative analysis of heavy metals ( Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, As, Pb and Hg ) by ICP-AES. Copper and lead contents were higher in summer samples than autumn samples, whereas chromium and manganese contents were higher in autumn samples. Cadmium and arsenic were not detected. Total mercury contents were 0.029-0.108ppm and there was no defference bewteen summer and autumn samples. Concentrations of cadmium copper, chromium, manganese, arsenic lead and total mercury were below the permissible levels of FDA and NHMRC.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.158-162
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• 1974

Some ecological attributes of perennial plants and Pb contamination were analyzed for study plots near an entrance of Nevade Test Site at Mercury Valley, Nye County, Nevada. The surface of the desert pavement soil was composed of stones (1 to 4cm diameter). The underside of each stone was coated with coarse and fine sand (about 90%). The profiles of soil were constituted with the A-horizon and C-horizon only. The soil pH at the plots ranges from 7.6 to 8.5, C/N was 13 and cation exchange capacity showed 15me/100g. Nine species and 42 number of individuals were found in all plots. Franseria dumosa and Larrea divaricata were dominant species. The discrete clumps of vegetation were consisted of 9 species of common perennials and these were covered about 25% on desert pavement, on the other words, bare area without vegetation was about 75%. The size and spacing of the plants was irregular. Community coefficient as comparison between shrub species in these study area and those in near the low elevation desert indicated a low degree of similarity. Density, cover and productivity in the study plots as compared with those in the nearest study areas in Mercury Valley showed a higher value. The soils in the studied area involved high heavy metal contents in the plant tissue was higher than those of its soil. The leavds of Lycium andersonii tended to accumulate more Zn and Mo than those of the other species. Larrea divaricata leaves accumulated very high leaves of Fe and Ephedra nevadensis were generally high in Mn. Lead contamination was apparent in foliage of desert vegetation collected alongside the roadway, reflecting the variation in traffic volume. Lead contents greater than fifteen-fold of normal (low traffic) were found in plant foliage alongside the heavily traveled roadway. Lead content of old foliage by the heavily traveled roadway was as much as 129 ppm but that of new foliage 17 ppm only.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2001

This study was conducted to analyzed the chemical compositions of Korean propolis. In proximate analysis, the moisture, crude protein. crude fat. ash and carbohydrate content of Yecheon and Youngwol propolis were 3.25 and 3.97%, 9.82 anti 7.04%, 48.25 and 50.7%, 3.91 and 5.89%, 34.77 and 32.4%, respectively. The highest level of P, Ca and Cu were revealed at Youngwol propolis as much as 184.15, 128.32 and 1.77ppm. As a harmful heavy meta1s, the Cr. AS, Cd, find Pb level of Australian propolis were revealed 2.2888, 0.9534, 0.2611 find 2.5595ppm. However, Korean propolis was not detected the Cd. The benzoic acid content of Yecheon and Youngwol propolis were 1,130.6 ppm and 1,049.1 ppm. And than Chinese product revealed the highest levee of benzoic acrid content. The linoleic and linolenic acid content of Yecheon and Youngwol propolis were 47.6:70.0 and 37.3:47.0mg/100g, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1999

To assess the soil quality of Chonan City, soil analyses were conducted according to the 14 different sampling sites. The soil pH of the agricultural area near the expressway was lower than that of the other farming area, which indicated that this acidification was probably attributed to the acid rain caused by the traffic exhaust gas such as SOx and NOx. Acidification was more severe in the dry farming area than in the rice paddy area. All concentration of 6 different heavy metals (As, Cu, Cd, $Cr^{6+}$, Hg, Pb) and organic contaminants (cyanide, organic-p, PCBs, phenols) were found to be lower than the standard of soil pollution. The concentration of BTEX also lower than the standard of soil pollution. An assessment using the SPI (Soil Pollution Index). which was developed to estimate an overall soil quality, was performed. Each SPC (Soil Pollution Score) were evaluated with the results of the data from this study. The soil quality of most area of Chonan City was determined to Class 1 , which indicated that the soil was healthy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2003

유럽의 여러나라들의 경우 토양내 중금속의 허용치는 그 사용 목적에 따라 다르게 책정되고 있으며 1999년에 제정된 독일의 새로운 토양보전법에서도 토양의 사용목적별로 중금속 허용치를 달리 정하고 있다. 여기서 중금속 농도를 측정하기 위한 방법으로는 DIN(독일 공업규격)에서 정하고 있는 증류수추출법과 왕수추출법이 채택되고 있다. 그러나 이 2가지 방법들은 토양의 중금속분석에서 가장 큰 factor로 작용하는 것이 pH인데 반하여 pH가 7인 증류수와 pH가 0인 왕수를 사용함으로써 실제환경에 적용하기에는 많은 무리수를 내포하고 있으며 차츰 적당치 못한 것으로 판명되고 있다. 실질적인 중금속의 유해성 여부는 토양에서의 그 중금속의 용해도와 유동성으로 결정되는데 강한 산성비가 내린다고 가정하였을 때 비의 pH가 약 4 정도이고 이 경우 식물 뿌리 부분의 pH는 5 정도가 되므로 pH를 기준으로 할 때 잠재적으로 유동가능한 중금속을 분석하는 데에는 pH 4.5 에서 EDTA 추출이 가장 적당하고 또한 이를 토대로 토양내 중금속 허용치를 정하는 것이 합리적이라고 하겠다. 그러나 EDTA는 pH 4에서 부분적으로 Proton과 결합되어 Metal Chelate로의 능력을 잃게 되고 또한 식물 뿌리의 중금속 흡착을 Simulation할 수 없어 불리한 점이 있다. 또한 EDTA는 분해기간이 길고 인체에 해롭다는 것이 알려지고 있어 점점 사용이 어려워지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양에 함유된 유동가능한 중금속농도분석을 보다 적절히 하기 위한 방법으로 EDTA와 같이 Carboxyl기가 결합된 고분자 자성체를 이용해 토양의 중금속을 분석하는 것을 제안하였고 분석을 위한 중금속 추출 시 토양시료와 증류수 그리고 고분자 자성체만을 사용하여 근본적으로 토양에서 유동 가능성이 있는 중금속만을 추출하였다. 분석실험은 토양의 Cd2+ 와 Pb2+를 대상으로 행하여졌으며, 여러 토양에서 추출 분석한 결과를 EDTA분석결과와 비교하였다. 실험결과, 중금속은 매우 신속하게 고분자 자성체와 결합하였고, 그 후 자성체를 외부 자장으로 모은 후 산으로 용해시키고, 결합된 중금속은 Graphite furnace AAS로 분석함으로써 빠르고 효율적으로 분석실험을 수행할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 실험에서 나타난 수치들을 비교 검토한 결과 토양 분석시 sandy soil에서는 자성체를 이용한 분석이 EDTA에 의한 방법보다 더 높은 추출도를 보인 반면, silt 함량이 많은 토양의 경우에서 EDTA분석에서 더 높은 중금속 추출도를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.334-339
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• 2005

Although phosphogypsum can have profound effects on both the physical and chemical properties of certain soils with supplying the essential elements, no widespread use of by-product phosphogypsum will be made unless such uses pose no threat to the public health and soil contaminations. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphogypsum on the growth of oriental melon and soil properties in plastic film house. Phosphogypsum was treated at the rate of $70kg\;CaO\;10a^{-1}$ and the effects were compared with the treatment of Ca-Mg carbonate. In the treatment of phosphogypsum, early growth of oriental melon was significantly increased comparing to the growth in the Ca-Mg carbonate treatment. Total fruit yield was not different between the treatments of phosphogypsum and Ca-Mg carbonate, but marketable fruit yield was higher in the phosphogypsum treatment. Although Ca and S contents in oriental melon were increased in the phosphogypsum treatment, contents of toxic heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were not different between the two treatments. Also, soil pH and contents of extractable toxic metals in the soil were not significantly different between the two treatments after the experiment. These results suggest that phosphogypsum can be a valuable substitute for lime materials in high pH soils of plastic film house.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the soil characteristics and propose the management for the Monument Beobsoo Marsh, Korea. The soil properties of O.M, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and CEC were higher and the soil properties of pH_{1:5}$ and $P_2O_5$ were lower the studied sites than other marsh sites in Korea. Although the Heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and As were lower compare to the safety standard of soil pollution in Korea, the overall conservation management plan based on long-term monitoring should be considered just because it varied by the point and non-point source pollution within the studied marsh. The source of water pollution varied due to non-point polluting origins such as sewage inlet, degraded terrain for agriculture, fishing sites, sites of removed water grasses, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, as well as fallen leaves. The creation of an artificial marsh is recommended due to the soil environment of the studied sites may be changed owing to the accumulated contaminants from the sources of both of point or non-point contaminants. The establishment of the zones of core, buffer and transition which is basic management structure of the UNESCO MaB could be applied to manage the studied site. Simultaneously the promotion of voluntary participation and education of the local residents are needed.