• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 2015

The combustion instability was experimentally investigated in model gas turbine combustor with dual swirl burner. When such instability occurs, a strong coupling between pressure oscillation and unsteady heat release excites a self-sustained acoustic wave which results in a loud sound, and can even cause fatal damage to the combustor and entire system. In present study, to understand the combustion instability with a premixed mixture, the detailed periods of pressure and heat release data in unstable flame mode were investigated by various measurement methods at relatively rich condition and lean condition near flammable limits. Also, to prepare the utilization of synthetic natural gas (SNG) fuel in gas turbine system, an investigation was conducted using a simulated SNG including methane as a reference fuel to examine the effects of $H_2$ content on flame stability. These results provide that the instability due to flash-back behaviour like CIVB phenomenon occurred at rich condition, while the repetition of relighting and extinction caused the oscillation of lean condition near flammable limit. From the analysis of $H_2$ content effects, it is also confirmed that the instability frequency is proportional to the laminar burning velocity at both rich and lean condition.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.31-49
• /
• 2005

We first review some history of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP), particularly in the progress of ground-satellite gravity comparisons. The GGP Satellite Project has involved the measurement of ground-based superconducting gravimeters (SGs) in Europe for several years and we make quantitative comparisons with the latest satellite GRACE data and hydrological models. The primary goal is to recover information about seasonal hydrology cycles, and we find a good correlation at the microgal level between the data and modeling. One interesting feature of the data is low soil moisture resulting from the European heat wave in 2003. An issue with the ground-based stations is the possibility of mass variations in the soil above a station, and particularly for underground stations these have to be modeled precisely. Based on this work with a regional array, we estimate the effectiveness of future SG arrays to measure co-seismic deformation and silent-slip events. Finally we consider gravity surveys in volcanic areas, and predict the accuracy in modeling subsurface density variations over time periods from months to years.

• 대기
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.707-718
• /
• 2015

This study investigates the characteristics of turbulent fluxes observed at Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) in autumn 2014. The 10 Hz IORS data is quality controlled and calculated to be the 30 minutes turbulent fluxes. The quality control consists of five steps: a weather check, Vickers and Mahrt (VM) sequential check, VM parallel check, flag check, and direction check. Since the IORS is an open-sea station with no orographic influence, there are no significant diurnal variations for the turbulent fluxes and 10 m wind speed. According to stabilities, the unstable and semi-unstable states appear more than 28% and 70% in autumn, respectively and they have strong winds of over $10m\;s^{-1}$. In addition, the turbulent fluxes increase with increasing wind speed. In particular, the latent heat flux and its deviations are clearly shown because the latent heat flux is influenced by the change of both the sea surface roughness and wave height induced by the wind. To demonstrate the changes of the turbulent fluxes before and after typhoon, Vongpong (1419), which is the most intense typhoon affecting the Korean Peninsula in 2014, is considered. The turbulent flux fluctuates in accordance with the location of Vongpong. The turbulent fluxes have a large (small) variation when Vongpong approaches (retreats) at the IORS. The overall results represent that the IORS data helps us understand physical processes related to air-sea interaction by providing the valuable and reliable observed data.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between heat-related illnesses developed in the summer of 2012 and temperature. Methods: The study analyzed data generated by a heat wave surveillance system operated by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the summer of 2012. The daily maximum temperature, average temperature, and maximum heat index were compared to identify the most suitable index for this study. A piecewise linear model was used to identify the threshold temperature and the relative risk (RR) above the threshold temperature according to patient characteristics and region. Results: The total number of patients during the 3 months was 975. Of the three temperature indicators, the daily maximum temperature showed the best goodness of fit with the model. The RR of the total patient incidence was 1.691 (1.641 to 1.743) per $1^{\circ}C$ after $31.2^{\circ}C$. The RR above the threshold temperature of women (1.822, 1.716 to 1.934) was greater than that of men (1.643, 1.587 to 1.701). The threshold temperature was the lowest in the age group of 20 to 64 ($30.4^{\circ}C$), and the RR was the highest in the ${\geq}65$ age group (1.863, 1.755 to 1.978). The threshold temperature of the provinces ($30.5^{\circ}C$) was lower than that of the metropolitan cities ($32.2^{\circ}C$). Metropolitan cities at higher latitudes had a greater RR than other cities at lower latitudes. Conclusions: The influences of temperature on heat-related illnesses vary according to gender, age, and region. A surveillance system and public health program should reflect these factors in their implementation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 1995

Continuous wave C $O_{2}$ laser beam welding and formability of zinc coated steel plates were investigated. First, the optimal welding condition could be obtained in lap configuration by using the data for heat input, gap size and fracture behaviour. The gap size for fully-penetrated bead could be predicted by the gap model by Akhter et al. AIso, it was found that the joining efficiency was constant. Secondly, the butt welding of dissimilar materials (zinc coated steel plate and cold rolled steel plate) with different thicknesses was investigated. In the thickness range of 0.8-2.0 mm, the maximum welding speed of 10m/min was obtained. In the butt welding of two plates with thickness 2.0 mm and l.6mm, the maximum, welding speed of 6m/min was obtained, Finally. the forming results of butt-welded plates showed that the joining design was important to apply the laser welded blank in the automotive production.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2000

The main purpose of this paper is to present the potential of photovoltaic systems using holographic solar concentrators. A hologram used here focuses light, spectrally splits it and diverts unwanted infrared heat away from the solar cell. The output of the hologram appears as a perpendicular thin spectral line and is displaced to solar cells on both sides. To obtain optimum design conditions we used the coupled wave theory and the vector ray tracing method. The measured data showed that the diffraction efficiency was 75 ％ and the spectral bandwidth was 350 nm.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.425-435
• /
• 2017

In this work, an overview of flow diagnosis in a shock tunnel is made by means of using established techniques that are easy to setup, economical to arrange, and simple to measure. One flow condition was considered having Mach number of 6 at the nozzle-exit, regarded as freestream. Measured aerothermodynamic data such as shock wave speed, wall static and total pressures, surface heat flux, and shock stand-off distance ahead of test model showed good agreement with calculation. This study shows an overall procedure of flow diagnosis in a shock tunnel in a single manuscript. Outcomes are thought to be useful in the field of education and also in a preliminary stage of high-speed vehicle design and tests, that need to be performed within a short time with decent accuracy.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.312-326
• /
• 2020

KMAPP은 규모상세화 과정을 통해 100 m 단위의 초고해상도 기상 예측을 산출하는 체계로써 최근 수문, 농업, 신재생에너지 등 다양한 분야에서 활용되기 시작됨에 따라 각 분야별로 예측성능을 검증할 필요가 있다. 철원 지역과 전북 지역은 산지가 많은 우리나라에서 비교적 넓은 범위에 걸쳐서 수평면을 보유하고 있으며, 특히 철원은 대규모 벼 논 재배지역 중에서 실측 및 원격탐사 생물계절 자료가 많은 지역으로 KMAPP 예측 성능을 검증하는데 필요한 관측자료를 사용하기에 적절한 지점으로 판단된다. 이번 연구에서는 철원 내 농경지역의 생태적 변화에 따라 변화하는 KMAPP 기온 예측 성능을 AWS와 ASOS 관측자료를 이용하여 비교 검증하였다. 그리고 전북지역 폭염 기간 동안 가축 고온스트레스 모델과 같은 응용모델에 KMAPP 예측 자료를 입력자료로 활용하는 것을 검토하고자 일사량 예측을 ASOS 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 더 많은 사례의 수집과 선정이 필요하다는 한계가 있지만 농경지역에서 추수 후 기온 예측 성능이 일반 주택지 에서보다 더 크게 향상된 것을 통해 생물리적 효과가 예측 정확도에 미치는 영향을 간접적으로 추측해 볼 수 있었다. 한편, 일사량 예측의 경우 단위 변환에 따른 오차가 발생하지만 관측값과 일치하는 경향을 보여 KMAPP 자료가 지역규모의 상세 예측 자료로 응용모델에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.370-381
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spling. The heat carrier system 'System B' (Model 1005, Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan's plug-gers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 20$0^{\circ}C$ which Dr. Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. In order to apply heat on the Buchanan's pluggers, the heat control spring was touched for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds respectively. The temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 0.5 mm intervals from tip to 20 mm length of shank using the infrared thermography (Radiation Thermometer-IR Temper, NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan) and TH31-702 Data capture software program (NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan). Data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test and linear regression test. The results as follows. 1. The position at which temperature peaked was approximately at 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm far from the tip of Buchanan's pluggers (p<0.001). The temperature was constantly decreased toward the shank from the tip of it (p<0.001). 2. When the pluggerss were heated over 5 seconds, the peak temperature by time of measurement revealed from 253.3$\pm$10.5$^{\circ}C$ to 192.1$\pm$3.3$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 1 sec, from 218.6$\pm$5.$0^{\circ}C$ to 179.5$\pm$4.2$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 2 sec, from 197.5$\pm$3.$0^{\circ}C$ to 167.5$\pm$3.7$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 3 sec, from 183.7$\pm$2.5$^{\circ}C$ to 159.8$\pm$3.6$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 4 sec and from 164.9$\pm$2.$0^{\circ}C$ to 158.4$\pm$1.8$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 5 sec. A touch for 1 sec showed the highest peak temperature, followed by, in descending order, 2 sec, 3 sec, 4 sec. A touch for 5 sec showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). 3. A each type of pluggers showed different peak temperatures. The peak temperature was the highest in F type and followed by, in descending order, M type, ML type. FM type revealed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that pluggers are designed to concentrate heat at around its tip, its actual temperature does not correlate well with the temperature which Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommend, and finally a quick touch of heat control spring for 1sec reveals the highest temperature rise.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.156-172
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 대상도로인 내부순환로에 대해 태양복사모델(SOlar and LongWave Environmental Irradiance Geometry-model, SOLWEIG)을 통해 산출한 도로의 그림자 패턴을 사용하여 항상 그늘이 지는 음영지역을 살펴보고, 열수지법을 기반으로 한 노면온도예측모델(road surface temperature prediction model, 이하 RSTPM)과 SOLWEIG 모델을 연계하여 고해상도의 태양복사정보를 활용한 도로의 노면온도를 예측하고자 하였다. 우선, 그림자 패턴 및 복사플럭스 산출의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 안개, 구름, 강수 등의 영향을 최소화할 수 있는 사례일을 선정하여, 고도 및 지형의 효과에 따른 그림자의 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 터널 입출구와 고도가 높은 지역에서 그림자 영역이 오래 지속되었고, 그림자의 영향을 많이 받는 구간의 복사량 감소가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이는 노면온도 예측결과에 반영되어 지형적으로 개방된 지점에서는 노면온도가 높게 예측되고, 고도가 높은 지점들은 그렇지 않은 지점에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 예측되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 겨울철 기상상황에 따른 도로 결빙구간을 예측하여 도로 관리자 및 운전자의 의사결정 자료로서의 활용이 기대된다.