• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.269-286
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• 2001

Objectives : This Investigation was aimed to find out the Classification of Cause and the Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Dentalgia Methods : We surveyed the oriental medical books from $\ll$HungTiNeiChing$\gg$ to recent published books concerning the Acupuncture therapy for Dentalgia Results : 1. Since the time of $\ll$HungTiNeiChing$\gg$ there was called "yateng", "yatong", "chiyaqutong", "kouchitong", "nichi", "chichong", "fengchi", "chongshitong", "chongshiyachi", "chifengzhongtong", "chiyinzhong", "yachuangzhongtong" 2. The Oriental Medical cause of Dentalgia are fire, wind, cold, blood stasis, stomach-heat, phlegm, difficiency of kidney, late snack, insect and wound, and then the Western Medical cause are cacodontia, periodontal disease, trigeminal nerve pain, stress 3. The meridians used for the treatment are large intestine, stomach, triple warmer, gallbladder and small intestine 4. The most frequently used acupuncture point for the treatment are Hapkok(LI3), Naejong(S44), Hyopko(S6), Igan(LI2), Sohae(H3), Yanggok(SI5), Hagan(S7), Taeyong(S5), Samgan(LI3), Kokehi(LI11) 5. The most frequently used moxibustion for the treatment are Sungjang(CV24), Yolgyol(L7), Kyonu(LI15), Taeyon(L9), Hapkok(LI3) 6. In the superior dental pain there commonly used the acupuncture point of stomach meridian, triple warmer meridian, gallbladder meridian in the inferior dental pain there commonly used the acupuncture point of large intestine meridian. 7. The most frequently used acupuncture point for the superior dental pain are Naejong(ST44), Yanggok(SI5), Chongnyong(G17), Kakson(TE20), In the inferior detal pain there are Taeyong(S5), Hapkok(LI3), Igan(LI2), Sangyang(LI1), Samgan(LI3) 8. In the treatment of dental pain The Acupuncture therapy utilized the division of region are the Erzhen therapy(耳針療法), the Touzhen therapy(頭鍼療法), the Shouzhen therapy(手鍼療法), the Zuzhen therapy(足鍼療法), the Bizhen therapy(鼻針療法), the Wanhuaizhen therapy 9. In dental pain the other therapy are the Taozhen therapy(陶鍼療法), the Pifuzhen therapy(皮膚針療法), the Dianzhen therapy(電鍼療法), the Yaozhen therapy(藥針療法).

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

광원경화형 소재는 UV, 가시광선 등에 의해 반응하여 분자간의 가교가 일어나고 이러한 가교반응에 의해 물성이 제어되는 소재를 의미한다. 광원경화거동과정에서 수축현상이 발생하게 되는데 이때 발생하는 수축현상으로 인해 재료의 구조가 변하고 내부의 응력이 발생하는 현상 등의 문제가 발생한다. 열경화에 의한 수축현상을 분석하는 연구는 많이 진행되어 왔으나 광원경화에 대한 수축현상을 연구하는 분야는 현재 경화 수준이나 경화속도 등을 분석하는데 그치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수축률 측정기를 통해 광원경화에 대한 수축현상을 실시간으로 살펴보고 재료의 차이에 따른 경화거동과 수축현상의 차이를 살펴보고자 한다. 관능기의 숫자가 변화함에 따라 수축률과 수축 속도의 변화가 생겼으며 분자량의 사슬길이에 따라 수축정도의 차이가 발생했다. 이러한 결과가 이론적인 결과 값인 양의 상관관계와는 반대로 음의 상관관계를 가짐을 분석하였다. 이는 수축률이 단순히 분자량과 관능기 숫자에 따라 결정되는 것이 아니라 분자구조에 따른 혼합물 내에서의 유동성 등에도 영향을 받음을 확인 할 수 있는 결과이다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.217-228
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to grasp inconveniences and improvements by examining wearing condition and satisfaction of protective clothing targeting 114 Korean farmers and to suggest basic data for enhancement of pattern and wearing satisfaction of protective clothing by understanding problems of pesticide-proof clothing through comparative analysis on the size of its commercial products. Most of male subjects were in charge of spraying pesticide, whereas female were most likely to play an assistant role to hold the hose of pesticide applicator. Both of female and male subjects were very aware of the harmful effect of pesticide on human body and tried to take off the clothes immediately after spraying it to reduce possible damage caused by pesticide. As a result of examining wearing condition, the farmers avoided wearing protective clothing because that it feels hot, stuffy, and uncomfortable to move. This hesitant response of wearing the clothing was not shown significantly in case of female subjects who play an assistant role for spraying. Although the farmers wore protective equipments such as mask or gloves in a proper way as compared to protective clothing, they seemed to choose alternative way rather than best way to block pesticide completely. The satisfaction regarding to the fitting of protective clothing which the subjects showed low in all items of upper-lower clothes except waistline. It is necessary to improve the functionality such as relief from heat stress and convenience for movement rather than design or economic in protective clothing development. As a result of comparing the size of five kinds of commercial protective clothing, the farmers got confused to choose the product since designation method of size across companies showed a significant difference in an identical clothing size. In addition, the sizing system developed on a basis of a well-built man has become a hindering factor in wearing satisfaction of female farmers.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2017

Objectives: Particulate matter (PM) at construction sites mostly originates from either construction activities or the atmospheric environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the exposure level to PM and the contribution ratio of atmosphere sources at construction sites. Methods: We reviewed literature and governmental systems related to PM exposure in occupational settings and summarized them. In the field evaluation, five construction sites and one golf course were selected: two from Gyeonggi-do Province and four from North Gyeongsang-do Province. For each site, personal samples from outdoor construction workers and area samples from the outdoor area around the construction site office were collected according to construction work types. PM concentrations reported from nearby National Ambient Air Monitoring Stations were recorded. Respirable dust concentrations, respirable silica concentrations, and several metal concentrations including Cd, Cr, Pb, and As were monitored over four months. In the end we suggested how to manage particulate matter exposure at construction sites. Results: There was little literature reporting on exposure levels of construction workers to PM. Respirable dust concentrations measured in Gyeonggi-do Province were higher than those measured in North Gyeongsang-do Province. The geometric means of respirable dust concentrations in personal samples and area samples were $37.89{\mu}g/m^3$ and $92.86{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The respirable dust concentrations were higher than the PM concentrations reported from nearby National Ambient Air Monitoring Station. The geometric means of respirable silica concentrations of personal samples and area samples were $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.1{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. All metal concentrations were lower than 10% of individual Korean occupational exposure limits. Conclusions: Assuming that personal samples consisted of ambient PM and dust originating from work activities and area samples only collected ambient PM, we concluded that the dust exposure of outdoor construction workers originated 40.8% from the atmosphere and 59.2% from construction activities. PM exposure at construction sites should be controlled by employers, as in the case of outdoor heat stress. The Korean government needs to consider setting an occupational exposure limit for respirable dust.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 화재시 매입형 합성기둥의 높은 축력비에 따른 내화성능을 알아보기 위해 유한요소해석 프로그램(ANSYS)을 통한 해석을 실시하였다. 온도에 따른 응력-변형률 곡선을 적용하여 ASTM E 119 가열곡선과 축력비 0.7, 0.6, 0.5에 따른 과도상태 열전달해석 및 정적구조해석을 실시하였으며, 해석조건과 동일한 조건에서의 재하가열실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 기준식(Eurocode 4)에 따라 가열시간에 따른 합성기둥의 공칭압축강도를 산정하고, 축력비로 나타내어 해석값 및 실험값과 비교하였다. 해석 및 실험과 기준(Eurocode 4)을 통해 가열시간에 따른 단면별 온도분포를 확인하고, 이에 따른 내화성능을 측정해 비교분석하였다. 유한요소해석 결과 축력비 0.5에서는 내화시간 180분으로 실험값과 유사한 값이 도출된 반면, 축력비 0.6, 0.7에서 내화시간 150분과 60분이 도출되어 실험결과에 비해 다소 높은 결과가 도출된 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기준식(Eurocode 4)에 따라 산정한 축력비에 따른 내화시간이 실제 실험값에 비해 다소 낮게 평가하고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 축력비 0.7에서는 기준(Eurocode 4)이 실험값에 비해 다소 높게 평가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 따라 고축력에서의 매입형 합성기둥의 내화특성(시간-축력비 관계)을 확인하고, 도출된 매입형 합성기둥의 실험 및 해석데이터를 Eurocode기준의 검증의 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

Ginseng has been used as a key constituent in traditional medicine prescriptions for centuries. Other than its well-known anti-stress and adaptogenic properties, ginseng has also been shown to be very effective in treating age-related deterioration in metabolic and memory functions. Although it is generally believed that the saponin (GS) fraction of the ginseng root accounts for the bioactivity of ginseng, a direct demonstration on which ginsenoside does what is still generally lacking. In the past decade, our laboratory has endeavored to identify the active GS components involved in energy metabolism, memory, and anti-neurotoxicity. To examine the ergogenic effects of GS in enhancing aerobic capacity, rats were subjected to either severe cold ($40^{\circ}C$ under helium-oxygen, two hours) or exercise workload $(70\%\;VO_{2}max,$ to exhaustion). Acute systemic injection (i.p.) of ginseng GS (5-20 mg/kg) significantly elevated both the total and maximum heat production in rats and improved their cold tolerance. However, pretreating the animal with the optimal dose (10 mg/kg) of GS devoid of $Rg_1\;and\;Rb_1$ failed to elicit any beneficial effects in improving cold tolerance. This indicates that either $Rb_1\;and/or\;Rg_1$ may be essential in exemplifying the thermogenic effect of GS. Further studies showed that only pretreating the animals with $Rb_1(2.5-5\;mg/kg),\;but\;not\;Rg_l,$ resulted in an increase in thermogenesis and cold tolerance. In contrast to the acute effect of GS on cold tolerance, enhancement of exercise performance in rats was only observed after chronic treatment (4 days). Further, we were able to demonstrate that both $Rb_1\;and\;Rg_1$ are effective in enhancing aerobic endurance by exercise. To illustrate the beneficial effects of GS in learning and memory, a passive avoidance paradigm (shock prod) was used. Our results indicated that the scopolamineinduced amnesia can be significantly reversed by chronically treating (4 days) the rats with either $Rb_1\;or\;Rg_1$ (1.25 - 2.5 mg/kg). To further examine its underlying mechanisms, the effects of various GS on ${\beta}-amyloid-modulated$ acetylcholine (ACh) release from the hippocampal slices were examined. It was found that inclusion of $Rb_1$ (0.1 ${\mu}M$), but not $Rg_1$, can attenuate ${\beta}-amyloid-suppressed$ ACh release from the hippocampal slices. Our results demonstrated that $Rb_1\;and\;Rg_1$ are the key components involved in various beneficial effects of GS but they may elicit their effects through different mechanisms.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.116-135
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze how purpura and vasculitis have been treated with Korean medicine and potentially to present with future direction of research and treatment. Methods : We searched clinical studies from the Korean databases including Oriental medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP), National Discovery for Science Leader(NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), using keywords related to "Purpura" and "Vasculitis" from January 2000 to May 2019. Results : A total of 20 studies were selected for analysis. More than half of the patients provided with detailed information were under 19 year-olds, and upper respiratory infection, stress and fatigue, seasonal factor were among the most frequently stated as predisposing factors. Among many treatment modalities, herbal medicine was the most frequently used, followed by acupuncture and herbal acupuncture. 23 basic herbal medicine formulas were retrieved from 20 articles, most frequently used being Guibi-tang(歸脾湯加味), Samul-tang(四物湯加味) and Yukmijihwang-tang(六味地黃湯加味). In total, 122 Korean medicine herbs were used, most frequently used herbs being Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Poria Sclerotium(茯?) and Paeoniae Radix(芍藥). By its category, herbs were mostly classified into Tonyfying and replenishing medicinal(補益藥), Heat-clearing medicinal(淸熱藥) and Exterior-releasing medicinal(解表藥). Patients with total treatment period of 3 months or under were 2/3 of all cases provided with detailed information. Follow up periods were short in general with only 6 cases of over 6 months. The primary motive of patients to receive Korean medicine treatments was unresponsiveness or adverse effects of western medication. Conclusion : Through this literature review, we could find out tendencies of Korean medicine treatments of purpura and vasculitis up to date and some points that may have clinical significance.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2019

적산 온도는 작물 재배 의사결정 지원을 위해 대상지역 주변 기상 관측소의 자료를 활용하여 산정되어 왔다. 한편 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 자료로부터 공간적인 온도 자료를 바탕으로 특정 지점의 적산 온도 자료를 생산할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 MODIS 자료를 처리하는 도구를 개발하고 이를 바탕으로 작물의 고온 피해도 및 시설의 냉방 요구도 분석에 활용될 수 있는 냉방도일을 계산하고자 하였다. R 스크립트를 사용하여 특정지역의 MODIS 기온자료를 생성하는 모듈들을 작성하였다. 해당 스크립트들은 격자자료의 좌표계 변환과 자료들의 공간적인 통합 기능들을 가지고 있었다. 온도 수직 분포 자료로부터 지표 기압에 해당하는 온도를 추출하는 기능은 rgdal과 RcppArmadillo등의 패키지를 활용하여 구현되었다. 또한 냉방도일 및 일평균온도 추정을 위해 MODIS 기온 자료, day of year, 및 위도를 입력 자료로 사용하는 random forest (RF) 모형을 남한 지역의 24개 지점에 대하여 훈련하였다. 인공위성 자료 별로 훈련된 RF 모형을 사용하여 한반도 지역의 일별 냉방도일을 계산하였다. 특히, 북한지역에 24개 지점에 대해 검증한 결과, MODIS 자료를 바탕으로 추정된 지역별 평균 연간 냉방도일은 관측값 변이의 96%를 설명할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 MODIS 자료로부터 유효적산온도 및 난방도일 등 다른 농림 기상 모형의 입력자료 생산을 지원할 수 있다는 것을 암시하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

원자력발전의 최대 걸림돌은 사용 후 핵연료인 고준위폐기물이다. 높은 방사능과 발생하는 열은 사용 후 핵연료의 안전한 처분을 어렵게 하고 있다. 현재 유일한 처리방법은 심지층 처분기술이다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 심지층 처분기술의 핵심기술 중의 하나인 처분용기의 구조안전성 설계문제를 다루고 있다. 특히 처분장에서 처분용기 처분 시 사고로 운송차량에서 추락낙하 하여 지면과 충돌하는 경우 처분용기에 가해지는 충격력에 의하여 처분용기에 발생하는 응력 및 변형에 대한 비선형구조해석을 수행하였다. 해석의 주된 내용은 심지층 처분장에서 운반차량으로 처분용기 운반 중 사고로 추락낙하 하여 지면과의 충돌 시에 처분용기에 가해지는 충격력을 기구동역학해석 상용 컴퓨터코드인 RecurDyn으로 구하고 이 충격력에 의하여 처분용기에 발생하는 응력 및 변형을 유한요소 정적 구조해석 상용 컴퓨터코드인 NISA를 이용하여 구한 것이다. 해석결과는 충돌 충격 시간 중 발생하여 처분용기에 가해지는 충격력에 의하여 처분용기, 특히 처분용기의 위 덮개 혹은 아래 덮개에 큰 응력과 대변형이 발생함을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.367-379
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• 2021

The objectives of this study were to evaluate convolutional neural network models and computer vision techniques for the classification of swine posture with high accuracy and to use the derived result in the investigation of the effect of dietary fiber level on the behavioral characteristics of the pregnant sow under low and high ambient temperatures during the last stage of gestation. A total of 27 crossbred sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; average body weight, 192.2 ± 4.8 kg) were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design during the last stage of gestation (days 90 to 114). The sows in group 1 were fed a 3% fiber diet under neutral ambient temperature; the sows in group 2 were fed a diet with 3% fiber under high ambient temperature (HT); the sows in group 3 were fed a 6% fiber diet under HT. Eight popular deep learning-based feature extraction frameworks (DenseNet121, DenseNet201, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, MobileNet, VGG16, VGG19, and Xception) used for automatic swine posture classification were selected and compared using the swine posture image dataset that was constructed under real swine farm conditions. The neural network models showed excellent performance on previously unseen data (ability to generalize). The DenseNet121 feature extractor achieved the best performance with 99.83% accuracy, and both DenseNet201 and MobileNet showed an accuracy of 99.77% for the classification of the image dataset. The behavior of sows classified by the DenseNet121 feature extractor showed that the HT in our study reduced (p < 0.05) the standing behavior of sows and also has a tendency to increase (p = 0.082) lying behavior. High dietary fiber treatment tended to increase (p = 0.064) lying and decrease (p < 0.05) the standing behavior of sows, but there was no change in sitting under HT conditions.