• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2012

Brazing technology has been widely used among bonding technologies because it enables to bond various metals, even ceramics, dissimilar metals, and give higher bonding strength, cost down, automation, etc. However, there are many parameters to achieve optimal brazing joint such as brazing alloys, brazing atmospheres, designs and brazing methods, etc. The brazing parameters affect seriously on the characteristic of final brazing products. Stainless steel is broadly used in high temperature applications, chemical industry, heat exchangers, muffler of vehicles, and so on. Accordingly, in this article, brazing alloys, forms of brazing alloys, brazing methods and atmospheres for stainless steel were described.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.216-216
• /
• 2009

This paper describes a novel processing technique for the fabrication of polymer-derived SiCN (silicone carbonitride) microstructures for extreme microelectromechanical system (MEMS) applications. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold was formed on an SU-8 pattern using a standard UV photolithographic process. Next, the liquid precursor, polysilazane, was injected into the PDMS mold to fabricate free-standing SiCN microstructures. Finally, the solid polymer SiCN microstructure was cross-linked using hot isostatic pressure at $400^{\circ}C$ and 205 bar. The optimal pyrolysis and annealing conditions to form a ceramic microstructure capable of withstanding temperatures over $1400^{\circ}C$ were determined. Using the optimal process conditions, the fabricated SiCN ceramic microstructure possessed excellent characteristics includingshear strength (15.2 N), insulation resistance ($2.163{\times}10^{14}\;{\Omega}$, and BDV (1.2 kV, minimum). Since the fabricated ceramic SiCN microstructure has improved electrical and physical characteristics compared to bulk Si wafers, it may be applied to harsh environments and high-power MEMS applications such as heat exchangers and combustion chambers.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.617-622
• /
• 2018

Simultaneous control of blowers and heat exchangers affecting the air sealing and flow conditions inside the green house is essential to the management of $CO_2$ concentration. Currently, the demand for automation systems and integrated control is steadily increasing according to increasing of farm areas per person due to the reduction of agricultural population. This paper proposes the integrated control system that can control simultaneously the existing devices such as measurement switching devices which are important variables in the supply of $CO_2$, $CO_2$ generator fuel and combustion air mixture ratio(air-to-fuel ratio), and $CO_2$ supply control under internal and external conditions.

• Journal of the KSME
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.816-828
• /
• 1995

냉동공조용 열교환기의 종류, 특징, 기술개발 동향, 전망 등에 대해 요약한 결과를 정리하면 다 음과 같다. (1) 암모니아 냉매가 다시 각광을 받음에 따라 응축기의 형식도 크게 변하고 있다. 이러한 변화로 핀 튜브를 사용한 횡형, 금속용착형 플레이트 식, 플레이트 핀 식의 응축기들이 암모니아 용으로 적용되기 시작하고 있다. (2) 암모니아 냉동장치는 현재에도 많이 적용되고 있으나 대부분 중앙 집중식 천정증발기나 강관 제 유닛 쿨러를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 최근 기술의 발전과 더불어 알루미늄 관 알루미늄 핀 증발기가 개발됨에 따라 암모니아 냉매도 프레온 냉매와 마찬가지로 건식, 분산식으로 적용되게 되었으며 이 분야의 기술개발이 요청된다. (3) 열교환기의 연구 방향은 에너지 절약, 공간 절약에 기여하면서도 성능향상을 이룩할 수 있는 기술개발, 그리고 소음이 적은 기기 제조 기술이 요망된다. 또한, 착상에 대한 기술적 대책, 근 본적 대책에 대한 대비가 요망되며, 기존 냉매에 대한 대체 냉매용 최적 열교환기에 대한 적극적 연구가 요망된다. (4) 제한된 에너지 자원, 지구환경, 열악한 우리나라의 에너지 사정 등을 고려할 때 냉동공조용 열교환기의 성능 향상에 대한 국가와 일반 소비자들의 기대는 더욱 증가하리라 예상된다. 이들 요구를 만족시키기 위해서는 냉동공조용 열교환기의 성능 향상, 열교환기의 제작에 필요한 자 원의 절약, 생산성 향상, 설치장소와 관련한 효율적인 공간활용, 열교환기 자체 소음의 최소화 등의 방면에 착실한 연구 개발이 있어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 1993

Galvanic protection method is one the cathodic protection methods and is mostly used for corrosion prevention of heat exchangers and ship's hull. In this paper, it was investigated that how cathodic potential distribution was varied with according to the bare and painted steel plates in case of galvanic anode protection. The results obtained above were as follows. 1. Cathodic potential distribution of a painted steel plate was smoothed than that of the bare steel plate all over the cathodic surface area. 2. It was shown that polarization potential of the bare steel plate was somewhat shifted to negative potential, on the contrary that of the painted steel plate was somewhat shifted from negative potential to positive potential as time gone by beginning of galvanic anode method. 3. The applied current density in order to maintain constant protection potential(-770mv SCE) in the painted steel plate was less than that of the bare steel plate because of the high resistance polarization of the painted steel plate. 4. It was suggested that required number and life-time of anode for galvanic anode protection could be decided easily with corrosion prevention coefficient obtained by experimental data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.475-502
• /
• 2012

In this paper, the seismic analysis modeling technologies for sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) are presented with detailed descriptions for each structure, system and component (SSC) model. The complicated reactor system of pool type SFR, which is composed of the reactor vessel, internal structures, intermediate heat exchangers, primary pumps, core assemblies, and core support structures, is mathematically described with simple stick models which can represent fundamental frequencies of SSC. To do this, detailed finite element analyses were carried out to identify fundamental beam frequencies with consideration of fluid added mass effects caused by primary sodium coolant contained in the reactor vessel. The calculation of fluid added masses is performed by detailed finite element analyses using FAMD computer program and the results are discussed in terms of the ways to be considered in a seismic modeling. Based on the results of seismic time history analyses for both seismic isolation and non-isolation design, the functional requirements for relative deflections are discussed, and the design floor response spectra are proposed that can be used for subsystem seismic design.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 1994

Experiments on the performance of refrigeration system using alternatives to R12 are carried out. The condenser and the evaporator are concentric-tube heat exchangers of counter-flow type and the compressor is driven by a variable speed motor. In this study, R134a, R152a, R22/142b(50 : 50 by mass) are adopted as alternatives to R12. Tests are performed by varying the inlet and outlet temperatures of secondary fluids of evaporator and condenser under the condition of constant compressor speed, degree of superheating and degree of subcooling. Results show that R134a has refrigeration capacity close to that of R12 and requires the greatest compressor power compared with that of others. And the system using R152a shows the best performance from the viewpoint of refrigeration capacity, compressor power and coefficient of performance. R22/142b is superior to R12 in the above points.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.272-280
• /
• 1999

A cycle analysis was achieved to predict the characteristics by comprehensive modeling and simulation of an air-cooled, double-effect absorption system using a new $H_2O/LiBr+HO(CH_2)_3OH$ solution. The simulation results showed that the new working fluid may provide the crystallization limit 8% higher than the conventional $H_2O/LiBr$ solution. With a crystallization margin of 3wt%(weight%), the optimal solution distribution ratio was found in the range of 36 to 40%. Variation of cooling air Inlet temperature has a sensitive effect on the cooling COP and corrosion problem. The simulation of heat exchangers with UA value revealed that the absorber and the evaporator are relatively important for an air-cooled system compared with the condenser and the low temperature generator. The effect of cooling air flow rate, circulation weak solution flow rate and chilled water inlet temperature were also examined. The new working fluid may provide the COP approximately 5% higher than the conventional $H_2O/LiBr$ solution.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.679-682
• /
• 2002

Energy dissipations in a general PHE flow are the compounded effects of the piled corrugate geometries and its wall pressure and temperature distributions. In addition, although the exchangers are substantial pieces of engineering equipment, they are composed of a very large number of nominally identical and small geometrical elements. In the present numerical study, the three-dimensionally complicated energy dissipation fields and those wall-shape-induced flow destabilization are investigated in the cross-corrugated passages, which result in high energy transports with comparatively low pressure drop. We revealed the critical conditions as $Re=157.3 for the wall-shape-induced flow destabilization in a general PHE element by initial value method, or shooting method, and compare its value to that of analytical solution of plane Poiseille flow, two-dimensional grooved flow and so on. We also observed the detailed variation of flow field and energy transportation with changes in time and flow variables such as Reynolds number. Lastly, we considered the flow natural frequency, or Strouhal number, with variation of hydrodynamic conditions for the best use of active control, such as forced mass flow rate pulsative flow, to enhance energy transportation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.681-687
• /
• 2001

Two-phase cross-flow exists in many shell-tube heat exchangers such as steam generators, condensers and reboilers. An understanding of flow-induced vibration excitation mechanism is necessary to avoid problems due to excessive tube vibration. This paper presents the results of a series of experiments done on tube bundles of different geometries subjected to two-phase cross-flow simulated by air-water mixtures. Normal(30$^{\circ}$) and rotated (60$^{\circ}$)triangular, and normal(90$^{\circ}$) and rotated (45$^{\circ}$) square tube bundle configurations of pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.2 to 1.5 were tested over a range of mass fluxes from 0 to 1,000kg/$m^2$ㆍ s and void fraction from 0 to 100%. The effects of tube bundle geometry on vibration excitation mechanism such as fluidelastic instability and random turbulence, and on dynamic parameters such as damping and hydrodynamic mass are discussed. A lower pitch-to-diameter results in a higher hydrodynamic mass. The effect of tube bundle configurations on damping and random turbulence excitation is minor. The effect of pitch-to-diameter on the fluidelastic instability, however, is significant.