• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the use of heart rate variability on a stroke patient with autonomic dysfunction and the effectiveness of Bunshimgi-eum. Case report: The patient showed autonomic dysfunction, including chest discomfort, 煩燥 (sweating, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, lightheadedness), and abdomen discomfort (dyspepsia, heartburn) after ischemic stroke. She was treated with a herbal medicine (Bunshimgi-eum) through complex Korean medicine treatment. The effect was evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV), Mini-Mental State Examination-DS (MMSE-DS), mean pulse rate, and subjective percentage of symptoms. After treatment, the HRV score, MMSE-DS score, and subjective percentage of symptoms improved, and the pulse rate decreased from the upper boundary value. Discussion: The results suggest that HRV may be useful in evaluating stroke patients with autonomic dysfunction and that Bunshimgi-eum is suitable for treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of breath-counting meditation (BCM) and deep breathing (DB) on heart rate variability (HRV). These breathing techniques have the characteristics of non-paced and self-controlled breathings, resulting in less increase of HRV. We also compared BCM and DB with usual breathing (UB) or relaxing breathing (RB) which can reveal the characteristics of those. Methods: 83 healthy volunteers sitting in chairs performed non-paced breathing; UB, RB, BCM, and DB each for 5 minutes. One minute of relaxation was permitted between breathings. Participants surfed the internet sitting in front of a computer during UB, while for RB, they remained steady with eyes closed. For BCM, they breathed inwardly counting from 1 to 10 repetitively, while they took a deep breath during DB. Physiological indices were simultaneously recorded with a biofeedback system. Results: Respiration rate, thoracic amplitude, and mean heart rate decreased in RB compared with UB, but there was no change in HRV. Respiration rate in BCM and DB was lower than that in UB or RB, and the amplitude of thorax or abdomen, and HRV all increased (p<0.05). However, mean heart rate and skin conductance decreased in BCM compared with UB (p<0.05), whereas those were no different between DB and UB. Conclusion: BCM, just concentrating mentally on breathing with counting each breath, can increase HRV with less sympathetic activation, while DB, actively moving thorax and abdomen for achieving the deepest respiration rate, can greatly raise HRV with the maintenance of mean vagal or sympathetic tone.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2008

1. Objectives When we give Jowiseungcheong-tang to Taeumin patients, analyzing a change of their autonomic nervous system. It is measured by the heart rate variability(HRV) analyzer. 2. Methods We give Jowiseungcheong-tang to ten Taeumin patients for three days and examine the HRV at first time and three days later. 3. Results and Conclusions We compared two HRV results. The value of RRNN(average of normal RR intervals), SDNN(the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals), RMSSD(the root mean square of successive differences between the normal heart beats) have a downward tendency. Norm HF(normalized high frequency power) have a upward tendency. norm LF (normalized low frequency power) and LHR(LF/HF ratio) have a downward tendency. It means hypofunction of autonomic nervous system. But all results are not significant. We think that restudy is needed with more patients and longer periods afterward.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2004

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 2009

Objectives : This study has the object to evaluate the effect of meditation at the clinical field and to classify the profer meditation by the emotional states of patients. Methods : Thirty volunteers have been recruited using local advertisement. They devided into two groups(patient group, normal group). Emotional states and stressors (STAI, STAXI, BDI, SCL-90-R, Stress Response inventory, Life event stress) have been evaluated. After that test HRV(Heart Rate Variability) has been tested and subjects took a 5-minute rest. After that, one of meditation has been chosed and has been demonstrated for 10 minutes by practiced trainer(Autogenic Training, Fruit Imaginary Meditation, Random assignment). After 5 minutes resting time, HRV has been measured again with meditation that had been administered. Results : 1. The higher the scale of emotional index, the more sensitively react has been occured according to the meditation. 2. The rate of HRV index that means stable state is higher in Fruit Imaginary Meditation group who thought to be administered meditation well. 3. The Fruit Imaginary Meditation is more effective immediately than Autogenic Training assessed by HRV scale and VAS scale of well-administered meditation especially in patients group. 4. Subjects of Highly suffered emotional problem have more effect in Fruit Imaginary Meditation Group compared to Autogenic Training Group. Conclusions : Suitable beginner meditation course considered patient's emotional problem needs to be programmed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2002

Objectives : This study sought to define autonomic functional difference on heart rate variability between headache patients and normal subjects Methods : We determined, heart rate variability of 52 headache patients and 30 normal subjects by means of three time domain measures: Mean PR(mean pulse rate), SDNN(standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals), RMSSD(the square root of the mean of sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals), and five frequency domain measures: TP(total power), VLF(very low frequency), LF(low frequency), HF(high frequency). Results : 1) RMSSD, TP, HF, HF Norm of HRV decreased with aging and LF Norm, LF/HF increased with aging in headache patients. 2) There was no significant differences between migraine and tention headache in any standard index of HRV, whereas, HRV of total headache patients were smaller than those of normal subjects. 3) In the gender comparison, SDNN, RMSSD, HF of tention headache patients were the smallest and then migraine patients, normal subjects in order with man, whereas, LF Norm, LF/HF of normal subjects were the smallest with man. RMSSD of migraine patients were the smallest and then tention headache patients, normal subjects in order with women. 4) In the term of history of headache patients, SDNN, RMSSD were getting lower as long term. 5) There was no significant differences of HRV in physical symptom of headache patients. Conclusions : All of these results show that standard index of HRV of headache patients were significantly different with normal subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate examined the differences in the autonomic nervous functions of elite female judo athletes according to their performance by measuring the heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: Sixteen elite female judo players participated in this study. The participants were divided into a high performance and low performance group according to the results of their competitions. The HRV (mean heart rate, SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio) was measured in the resting status. A t-test was used to compare the two groups, and bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the HRV elements that affect performance. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: The mean heart rate was higher in the high performance group (72.88) than in the low performance group (64.75) (p=.049). The LF/HF ratio was higher in the high performance group (3.43) than in the low performance group (0.83), and the results were significant (p=.038). No HRV elements having a significant effect on the performance were observed. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system was dominant in the high performance group in the resting status than in the low performance. The high performance group is believed to be in the overtraining status who experience more stress.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-120
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• 2010

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effects of expiration-to-inspiration time ratio (E/I-ratio) on heart rate, which represents cardiac autonomic function, and cold-heat in the healthy people. Methods : 49 healthy young volunteers(male : female = 32 : 17) were recruited in the study. The participants completed the questionnaire for yin-yang pattern identification and then we measured the chest plethysmogram for respiration signal and the electrocardiogram for NN intervals during different E/I-ratio from 1 to 2. We compared heart rate variability including RMS-SD, VLF, LF and HF, and the trend-cycle factors decomposed from NN interval data by time series analysis among the respective E/I-ratio. We also confirmed the difference on the trend-cycle factors according to the score of the questionnaire for cold and heat pattern identification. Results : There were differences on the trend-cycle factors from NN interval data, but no significant difference on heart rate variability, among the respective E/I-ratio. We also found significant relationship between the trend-cycle factors and the heat pattern identification scores. Conclusions : The results indicate that cardiac autonomic function can be modulated by the E/I-ratio and the modulation will be slower and more tendencious than respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2014

Distinct features in heart rate signals during the driver's wake and sleep states could provide an initiative for the development of a safe driving systems such as drowsiness detecting sensor in a smart wheel. We measured ECG from health subjects ($23.5{\pm}2.5$ in age) during the wake and drowsiness states. The proposed method is able to detect R waves and R-R interval calculation in the ECG even when the signal includes in abnormal signals. Heart rate variability(HRV) was investigated for the time domain and frequency domains. The STD HR(0.029), NN50(0.044) and VLF power(0.0018) of the RR interval series of the subjects were significantly different from those of the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there are changes in heart rate from wake to drowsiness that are potentially to be detected. The results in our study could be useful for the development of drowsiness detection sensors for effective real-time monitoring.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.2007-2009
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 인체에 열을 가했을 때 심전도(ECG) 신호에서 얻어진 Heart Rate Variability(HRV)와 광전용적맥파(PPG)에서 얻어진 Photoplethymograph Variability(PV)의 상관관계를 보기 위하여 피실험자가 상온에서 누워 있을때와 65$^{\circ}C$의 온도로 누워있을때의 심전도와 PPG를 측정하여 두 파라메터의 상관관계를 분석하여 그 효용성을 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 우선 신체 건강한 26세에서 32세까지 총 3명의 남성을 대상으로 하여 ECG와 PPG를 위와 같은 조건에서 측정한 다음, 두 신호로부터 피크를 검출하고, 피크 간격을 시계열 신호로 변환하여 HRV와 PV신호를 얻어 내었다. 또한 얻어진 HRV신호와 PV신호의 주파수 분석을 통하여 HF 및 LF성분을 비교하여 HRV와 PV의 상관관계를 비교하였다.