• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.99-110
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• 2018

As interest in adolescent and children's health risks increases, there is an increase in subscriptions to indemnity private health insurance. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of purchasing indemnity private health insurance. We conducted panel logit regression analysis on the sample of 4,567 adolescent and children using Korean Health Panel data from 2009 to 2015. As a result, it was analyzed that the participation of private health insurance for children and adolescents was affected not only by the characteristics of children and adolescents (age, birth order, residence, disability) but also by the characteristics of father (indemnity, disability, chronic disease) and mother (age difference between her and her children, indemnity, unmet needs) and the economic level of households (income). In views of this study, it is necessary to continuously implement policies to strengthen the healthcare of children and adolescents in order to alleviate the anxiety about the health risks of children and the burden of medical expenses caused by late marriages and maternal births. In particular, it is necessary to consider policies for multi-child families and vulnerable classes.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of breakfast skipping and affecting factors in children in poverty. Methods: The subjects were 644 children who were receiving the services of community child center or delivery meal-box. They were asked about their socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors and breakfast-skipping status in the survey. Results: Breakfast-skippers were 17.4% of the subjects. The count of negative health behaviors in breakfast skippers was higher than that in eaters, and the behaviors of exercise, screen time, alcohol experience, and smoking experience were worse in skippers than in eaters. The odds ratio of breakfast skipping was higher in female children (OR=2.53, p<.001), those with single father (OR=3.76, p<.001) or single mother (OR=1.83 p=.030), those with alcohol experience (OR=1.82, p=.022) and smoking experience (OR=2.80, p=.003), and under-weight ones (OR=2.54, p=.048). Conclusion: Breakfast skipping is associated with gender, family structure, alcohol experience, smoking experience and BMI. Children in poverty need comprehensive health promotion programs including interventions for breakfast skipping and health behaviors.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.347-357
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• 2018

Objectives: Few studies of pediatric Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) have been conducted in Korea. We evaluated the clinical features of children with IM to define differences according to age. Methods: We conducted retrospective chart reviews of 68 children aged 0 to 15 years who were diagnosed by EBV-associated IM with EBV-Viral Capsid Antigen(VCA) IgM at laboratory test and were admitted between 2010 and 2014. The children were classified into four age groups: aged 0-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 10-15 years. Results: The age distribution of patients was as follows: 19 (27.9%) 0-3, 25 (36.8%) 4-6, 13 (19.1%) 7-9, and 11 (16.2%) 10-15. Fever was the most common presentation regardless of age. It was more common in the 0-3 group than the 4-6 group (P = 0.018). Pharyngitis was more common in the 7-9 group than the 0-3 group (P = 0.048), and myalgia was more common in the 10-15 group than the 0-3 group (P = 0.007). Pharyngitis was accompanied by lymphadenopathy, protracted fever, and rash. In the 0-3 age group, the prevalence of rash was higher while the percentage of atypical lymphocytes was lower, but there was no statistical support for this tendency. There were no differences in the frequency of hepatosplenomegaly or laboratory findings between age groups. Conclusions: IM is not uncommon in young children and its clinical presentation varies with age. Therefore, IM should be suspected in young febrile children with pharyngitis and rash despite low percentages of atypical lymphocytes.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze metacommunicative episodes comprised of nurses' metacommunicative behavior and children's responses occurring in the dyads of nurse-child within the context of an inpatient pediatric unit. Methods: Twelve dyads of nurses and children were videotaped for four hours each day over a two-day period as they interacted with each other on the inpatient unit. The metacommunicative episodes were recorded from the videotapes. The metacommunicative behavior was categorized within Shin's metacommunicative behaviors. Results: The total number of episodes between the nurses and children included in this study was 242. The most frequently used metacommunicative behavior was 'reflection', followed by tagging, baby talk, approaching, mediating eye level, friendly demand, encouraging, description of acts, symbolization, turnabouts, touching, and mimic voice, respectively. The most common response to the nurses' metacommunicative behavior was agreeing, followed by tension release. Conclusion: Young children responded positively to metacommunicative behavior by the nurses. Understanding metacommunicative behavior may help nurses approach their young patients more easily and with confidence.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the recognition on center-based child care health programs for parents with ill children. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with convenient sampling method was used and 136 parents were recruited from two university hospital outpatient departments and hospitalized wards, and they completed a structured questionnaire. Results: Majority (57.4%) of parents experienced a leaving work early or being absent from their work due to children's illness. Most dissatisfying factors in child care centers were child health management. Most of parents agreed on the need for a center-based child care health program, and wanted a better management of health care by health professionals in child care centers. Conclusion: These results support that there is a great demand for center-based child care health programs. These special programs are needed for reducing a child rearing burden for working mothers and overcoming the low birthrate in Korea. Health-care programs in child-care settings can help parents meet the health needs of their children while reducing absenteeism from work, thereby contributing to job stability. These results suggest discussions of the related policy with child care centers responsible and national health and educational authorities.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

The present study purposed to prevent oral diseases and to improve oral health in children. For this purpose, we selected 70 cases who are 5~7 years old preschoolers at the kindergarten affiliated to G College in Gyeongsangbukdo, and analyzed the general patterns of oral care and the relation of the patterns with dental plaque and deciduous dental caries in the children. Specifically, we conducted oral examination and applied pit and fissure sealant according to the eruption of deciduous molar and first molar. In addition, we executed the 1st and 2nd tooth brushing instruction (TBI), and surveyed S-OHI and PHP twice. Excluding 14 preschoolers who did not appear in the 2nd survey, we performed the study with 56 preschoolers and drew conclusions as follows. 1. The number of decayed or missed or filled teeth among deciduous teeth was 3 or more in 42.9% of female children, and 46.4% of male children, so male children showed a slightly higher rate. 2. The degree of dental plaque formation was $1.64{\pm}1.22$ among the surveyed children. 3. The oral health index was lower after TBI than before in all the children (P<.001). 4. Change in the oral health index was particularly larger in 7 year old female children (p<.005). 5. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in both the buccal surface and lingual surface of the children (p<.005). 6. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in all of male children's teeth except the right maxillary first deciduous molar (p<.001).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the Health Promotion Life Profile of normal-weight and obese children, and factors related to obesity in elementary school children, and provide basic data for the development an obesity management program for these children. Method: The survey participants were 878 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children in Gwangju. $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS program were used to analyze the collected data. Results: The Health Promotion Life Profile showed significant differences between normal-weight and obese groups according to food habits (t=3.305, p= .001) and exercise habits (t=-4.065, p=< .001). The Health Promotion Life Profile of obese children was also significantly different according to interest in weight control (F=3.044, p= .050), regular breakfast (F=3.699, p= .014), regular meals (F=6.868, p= .002). The multiple logistic regression analysis, showed that factors in obesity were significantly different according to gender, interest in weight control, fast eating, overeating and predilection for some food. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that items on Health Promotion Life Profile such as food habits and exercise habits should be included in education programs to prevent obesity in elementary school children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine oral health literacy in a sample of Korean of 5th and 6th grade elementary school children. Methods: Data were obtained from a convenience sample of 274 $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grade children from two elementary schools located in Seoul and Uijeongbu. The oral health literacy assessment tool for children of Korea (OHLC-K) takes approximately 11 minutes to complete, and consists of 20 self-report questions with a score range of 0 to 20. Item analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression were performed using SPSS 23.0 and testAn 1.0. Results: The lowest and highest percentage of correct answers were found in "Definition of periodontal disease (19.3%)" and "Definition of halitosis (92.7%)," respectively. The mean score for oral health literacy was found to be $14.95{\pm}2.83$, corresponding to a score of approximately 75% correct answers. The correlation coefficient for Korean and OHLC-K scores was high (r=.73, P<.01). In the multiple linear regression, oral health literacy was associated with grade and gender. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that a quarter of the subjects were likely to misunderstand oral health information. Oral health education is indispensable to all children and, therefore, it is necessary to pay greater attention to children who exhibit poor oral health literacy.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop child's health assessment tools for children in child care centers. Methods: Based on the literature review and several types of workshops participated with the child health nursing professors, doctoral students, nurses in pediatric units and pediatric psychiatric units from July to December 2006, the standards of child health assessment tools were developed. Graduate students and 4th grade students in nursing were trained for health assessment and used these assessment tools to validate the content and reliability of said tools. Results: Some record forms were newly developed, including demographic characteristics, past history, present health status, behavioral problems, and appropriate developmental screening tests in child care centers were selected. For systematic health care management in child care centers, daily care report, illness log, and referral sheet were also developed. Conclusion: In the face of growing utilization of daycare and their association with increased risk of various diseases, assessment and control measures are indispensable to the promotion of child health. Children's physical and mental health and developmental problems can be assessed using this assessment tools. They can be used for establishing the direction for developing a health care service system for young children.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2014

In this study, HPLC-RI was used to determine sugars and sugar alcohols contents in 102 different kinds of processed foods met to children's taste. The average amount of sugars per 100 g of candies was 70.25 g, of processed cocoa products was 65.34 g, of processed chocolate products was 47.53 g, of breads was 25.66 g, of cookies was 22.28 g, of ices was 12.47 g, of snacks was 9.74 g. Processed cocoa product items had relatively higher sucrose contents (56.80 g/100 g) than any other items. The average amount of sucrose per 100 g of candies was 44.20 g, of processed chocolate products was 32.89 g, of breads was 23.11 g. When the contents of sugars in processed foods met to children's taste per on serving size were compared to WHO guidelines, the percentages were 5.84~28.52 about recommended daily intake of total sugar of 50 g. The result for the analysis of confectioneries showed that 13 samples of 102 were detected and the sugar alcohols content of samples investigated varied between 0.01~15.06%.