• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.190-199
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting job satisfaction in workers by using the Job Stress Model proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Data were collected from December 1 to December 30, 1999. The subjects were 2,133 workers employed at 155 work sites, who were examined using NIOSH Job Stress questionnaire translated by the Korea Occupational Safety ${\pounds}|$ Health Academy and Occupational Safety ${\pounds}|$ Health Research Institute. SAS/PC program was used for statistical analysis using descriptive analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, job satisfaction was high in those with less number of children. 2. By work condition, job satisfaction was higher in those who were working in a permanent job position, were working with regular time basis than with shift basis, were working in regular shift hours than in changing shift hours, were working for a short period, and were working less hours and overtime works per week. 3. In terms of physical work environment, job satisfaction was significantly related to 10 physical environmental factors. In other words, job satisfaction was high in workers who were working in an environment with no noise, bright light, temperature adjusted to an appropriate level during summer and winter, humidity adjusted to an appropriate level. well ventilation, clean air, no exposure to hazardous substance during work hour, overall pleasant work environment and not crowded work space. 4. By work-related factors, job satisfaction was high in those with less ambiguity about future job and role, high job control/autonomy, and less workload. On the other hand, job satisfaction was low in those with little utilization of competencies, and much role conflict at work and workload. 5. As for the relationships between job satisfaction and the non-work related factors, job satisfaction was high in workers who were volunteering at different organizations or active in religious activities for 5-10 hours per week. 6. In the relationships between job satisfaction and buffering factors, significantly positive correlations were found between job satisfaction and factors such as support by direct superior, support by peers, and support by spouse, friend and family. 7. There were nine factors that affected job satisfaction in the workers: age, number of children, work hours per week, noise, temperature at the work site during summer, uncomfortable physical environment, role ambiguity, role conflict, ambiguity in job future, work load, no utilization of competencies and social support from direct supervisor. These nine factors accounted for 26% of the total variance in the multiple regression analysis. In conclusion. the following are proposed based on the results of this study. 1. The most important physical environmental factors affecting job satisfaction in workers were noise, role ambiguity, and work load, suggesting a need to develop strategies or programs to manage these factors at work sites. 2. A support system that could promote job satisfaction is needed by emphasizing the roles of occupational health nurses who may be stationed at work sites and manage the factors that could generate job stress. 3. Job satisfaction is one of the three acute responses to stress proposed in NIOSH job stress model (job satisfaction. physical discomfort and industrial accidents). Therefore, further studies need to be conducted on the other two issues.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.467-481
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this survey, in which 2754 students from 35 middle schools from Taegu city participated, was to identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude and need for sex education. This information will provide useful data, and promote a more systematic, desirable and practical sex education. The data was collected from September 1 to November 8, 1997. Data was analyzed using the statistical computer package, SPSS to manipulate the data along with percentage, mean, $X^2$-test. t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The mean score of sex related knowledge showed significant differences between boys and girls in general knowledge(boys: 10.85 girls: 11.71, p=0.000), in the area of physical development(boys : 5.29 girls: 5.72, p=0.000), pregnancy & physiology (boys: 3.23 girls: 3.57, p=0.000) and venereal disease (boys: 2.33 girls: 2.42, p=0.000). 2. The mean score of sex related attitudes showed a significant differences between boys and girls on the whole(boys : 57.68 girls: 58.92, p=0.000), in the area of psychological differences of the other sex (boy: 26.13, girls: 28.08, p=0.000), and sexual delinquency and its prevention(boy: 14.28, girls: 13.68, p=0.000). However, in the area of other sex friendships (boy: 17.28, girls: 17.16, p=0.274). There were no significant differences between boys and girls. 3. Those who had a higher sex related knowledge score showed more positive attitudes towards sex, but was of no statistical significance(r= 0.312, p=0.000). 4. The majority of subjects wanted to learn about friendship with the other sex(40.1%), about physical and psychological differences in adolescence(24.0%), about prevention of sexual violence(15.0%), about pregnancy and delivery (7.5%), about venereal disease and medical cures(7.3%), about contraception methods (4.3%), as well as other aspects of sexual knowledge (1.8%), 5. The mean score of sex related knowledge generally was higher when one paid a lot of attention to health (F= 3. 148, p=0.014), when one's father was alive(t=3.930, p=0.000), and when one's mother was alive(t=2.807, p=0.005), Hobby activities also showed a significant difference(F=9.092, p=0.000). The mean score of sex related knowledge generally according higher when one had sex education(F=9.470, p=0.000), when one obtained sexual knowledges from a teacher (F = 5. 742, p=0.000), and when one had middle grade problems with sex(F=13.58 4, p=0.000). 6. The mean score of sex related attitudes generally showed significant differences when re ligion(F=2.691, p=0.03), hobbies (F= 3.499, p= 0.002) were considered. Those who had a father also had higher scores(t=2.538, p= 0.011). The mean score of sex related attitudes generally with respect to a subject's sex was higher when one had sex education(t=5.338, p= 0.000), when one had high grade problems with sex(F=6.023, p=0.002), and when one had the experience of friendship with the other sex(t= 8.106, p=0.000), The following suggestions are based on the above results, 1. Systematic sex education must be performed in middle schools in order to establish responsible attitudes toward sex, 2. Sexual knowledge, attitude, and general sex education classes must be performed seperately for early, middle, and late adolescents, In other words sex education programs are needed for each adolescent development stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.596-612
• /
• 2020

부산·경남지역 만 3-5세의 미취학 아동을 대상으로 NQ-P (균형, 절제, 환경)를 이용한 식행동 평가 및 식행동에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인을 파악한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 부산과 경남지역에 거주하는 214명의 미취학 아동의 부모를 대상으로 미취학 아동의 식품 섭취 빈도를 살펴본 결과, 균형 영역에서 성별에 따른 채소류 섭취 (p < 0.01), 비만도에 따른 육류와 생선류 섭취 (p < 0.05)에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 환경 영역에 해당하는 문항별 성별, 연령, 지역, 비만도에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 절제 영역에서 가공육 섭취빈도에서 성별에 따른 섭취빈도에 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p < 0.05). 부산·경남지역의 미취학 아동의 NQ-P 점수는 영양지수 평균 점수는 58.28점으로, 하위 3개 요인 중 균형요인은 60.08점, 절제요인은 47.64점, 환경요인이 67.83점으로 등급별 기준에 의해 총점과 영역별 점수 모두 '중하' 등급이었다. NQ-P 점수는 절제영역에서 남아 44.54점, 여아 50.79점으로 여아가 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.01). 외식횟수에 의해서도 점수의 차이가 있었는데, 외식횟수가 높은 경우에 NQ-P 총점 (p < 0.05), 절제 (p < 0.001), 환경 (p < 0.05) 요인의 점수가 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 부모의 건강관심도가 높은 그룹에서 NQ-P 총점, 환경요인 점수가 유의하게 높았고 (p < 0.01), NQ-P 총점에 따라서도 균형, 절제, 환경 영역에서 점수차이가 유의한 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 통해 부산·경남지역의 미취학 아동의 식습관은 '중하'에 속하여 지속적으로 식습관 개선을 위한 교육 및 모니터링이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 미취학 아동의 식행동이 성별, 외식횟수, 부모의 건강관심도에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나, 영향요인을 고려하여 보호자 및 미취학 아동 대상 영양교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.141-168
• /
• 2001

Healthcare service organizations can apply the cost of quality(COQ) model as a method to evaluate a service quality improvement project such as Total Quality Management (TQM). COQ model has been used to quantify and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of TQM project through estimation between cost and benefit in intervention for a quality Improvement to provide satisfied services for a customer, and to identify a non value added process. For estimating cost of quality, We used activities and activity costs based on Activity Based Costing(ABC) system. These procedures let the researchers know whether the process is value-added by each activity, and identify a process to require improvement in TQM project. Through the series of procedures, health care organizations are service organizations can identify a problem in their quality improvement programs, solve the problem, and improve their quality of care for their costumers with optimized cost. The study subject was a quality improvement program of the department of radiology department in a hospital with n bed sizes in Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The principal source of data for developing the COQ model was total cases of retaking shots for diagnoses during five months period from December of the 1998 to April of the 1999 in the department. First of the procedures, for estimating activity based cost of the department of diagnostic radiology, the researchers analyzed total department health insurance claims to identify activities and activity costs using one year period health insurance claims from September of the 1998 to August of the 1999. COQ model in this study applied Simpson & Multher's COQ(SM's COQ) model, and SM's COQ model divided cost of quality into failure cost with external and internal failure cost, and evaluation/prevention cost. The researchers identified contents for cost of quality, defined activities and activity costs for each content with the SM's COQ model, and finally made the formula for estimating activity costs relating to implementing service quality improvement program. The results from the formula for estimating cost of quality were following: 1. The reasons for retaking shots were largely classified into technique, appliances, patients, quality management, non-appliances, doctors, and unclassified. These classifications by reasons were allocated into each office doing re-taking shots. Therefore, total retaking shots categorized by reasons and offices, the researchers identified internal and external failure costs based on these categories. 2. The researchers have developed cost of quality (COQ) model, identified activities by content for cost of quality, assessed activity driving factors and activity contribution rate, and calculated total cost by each content for cost for quality, except for activity cost. 3. According to estimation of cost of quality for retaking shots in department of diagnostic radiology, the failure cost was ￦35,880, evaluation/preventive cost was ￦72,521, two times as much as failure cost. The proportion between internal failure cost and external failure cost in failure cost is similar. The study cannot identify trends on input cost and quality improving in cost of qualify over the time, because the study employs cross-sectional design. Even with this limitation, results of this study are much meaningful. This study shows possibility to evaluate value on the process of TQM subjects using activities and activity costs by ABC system, and this study can objectively evaluate quality improvement program through quantitative comparing input costs with marginal benefits in quality improvement.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 경인지역 대학생을 대상으로 친환경농산물에 대한 지식정도를 알아보고, 환경과 친환경농산물에 대한 인식을 5점 척도로 평가하여 일반사항, 환경농산물에 대한 지식이 환경과 친환경농산물에 대한 인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 실시되었으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 친환경농산물에 대한 자가 지식을 묻는 문항에 친환경농산물에 대해 '매우 잘 알고 있다'와 '잘 알고 있다'로 응답한 비율이 52.9%이었으며, 친환경농산물인증마크를 올바르게 선택한 학생은 50.9%이었다. 나머지 40.1%의 학생들이 오답으로 선택한 것 중 농산물품질인증마크가 65.8%로 가장 많았으며, 친환경농산물의 인증을 정부와 민간기관에서 병행하고 있는 것에 대해 87.0%가 모른다고 응답하였다. 둘째, 환경과 친환경농산물에 대한 인식을 5점 척도로 조사한 요인별 결과, 친환경농산물의 이미지에 대한 5문항의 평균 점수는 $3.84{\pm}0.68$로 높게 나타났으며, 5문항 중 '친환경 농산물은 건강에 좋은 것이다'라는 문항이 $3.95{\pm}0.84$로 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었고 '품질인증마크가 붙은 친환경농산물은 믿을 수 있다'의 평균 점수는 $3.70{\pm}0.92$로 가장 낮았다. 셋째, 환경에 대한 태도 3문항의 평균 점수는 $3.51{\pm}0.73$이었고, 3문항 중 '환경은 후세들을 위하여 최대한 보전하는 것이 원칙이다'라는 문항이 $4.16{\pm}0.90$으로 가장 높은 점수를 나타내어 이러한 환경보전 의식과 후세들을 생각하는 마음이 친환경농산물의 소비에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. 넷째, 농약에 대한 태도 2문항의 평균 점수는 $3.58{\pm}0.87$로 농약의 과다 사용과 잔류에 대한 불안감이 높았으며, 친환경농산물에 대한 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 친환경농산물에 대한 자가 지식 정도는 친환경농산물의 이미지, 환경에 대한 태도, 농약에 대한 태도 모두에 유의한 영향을 나타내었다. 다섯째, 친환경농산물의 소비 증진을 위해 개선되어야 할 점으로는 '가격인하'에 대한 의견이 48.3%로 가장 많았고, '믿을 수 있는 생산자와 제조회사의 확립' 21.2%, '친환경농산물에 대한 홍보강화' 15.0%, '구매 장소의 다양화' 11.9%, '친환경농산물의 품질 향상' 8.3%, ‘품질인증 표시제도의 강화' 4.4% 순이었다. 이상에서 조사된 바에 의하면 대학생들은 친환경농산물을 환경과 건강에 좋은 농산물로 인식하고 있었으나 친환경농산물과 관련된 지식이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 환경과 친환경농산물에 대한 좋은 인식은 구매 행동으로 이어질 수 있으며, 친환경농산물에 대한 올바른 지식은 구매 시 단순히 '가격'을 기준으로 판단하지 않게 해 줄 것이고, 끊임없는 유통 구조의 개선과 친환경농산물을 찾는 소비자의 증가는 친환경농산물의 '가격 인하'로까지 이어질 것이다. 소비자로서 바람직한 가치관을 가지고 올바르게 식품을 선택할 수 있도록 대중매체는 친환경농산물에 대한 적극적인 홍보를 수행하여야 하며 대학생들을 대상으로 식품 선택 및 소비자 교육을 실시하여 올바른 정보를 제공해 주어야 할 것이다.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.363-373
• /
• 2011

목적: 안경광학과 실습생(학생)과 안경원의 임상실습 만족도를 파악하고 안경원의 임상실습 실태를 조사함으로써 임상실습의 효율적 운영과 질적 개선을 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 안경광학과 학생 중 임상실습의 경험이 있는 281명의 실습생과 안경원 원장 105명을 대상으로 임상실습에 관한 만족도 설문조사를 실시하고 통계 분석을 하였다. 결과: 안경원의 92.4%(97곳)가 임상실습이 필요하다고 하였으며 원장의 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여주었고(p=0.004) 임상실습 기간으로는 '4주'를 선호하였으며(53.3%) 안경원의 규모에 따라 유의한 차이를 보여주었다(p=0.000). 실습생의 임상실습 만족도는 평균 3.50${\pm}$0.68로 나타났으며 '임상실습의 내용에 관한 만족도', '임상실습 시간 및 실습업체에 대한 만족도(평균 3.74${\pm}$0.80)'가 가장 높았고 실습생의 연령에 따라 통계적유의성을 보여주었다(p<0.05). 안경원의 임상실습 만족도는 평균 4.08${\pm}$0.64로 학생들의 만족도보다 높게 나타났으며 '임상실습의 내용에 관한 만족도(평균 4.17${\pm}$0.54)'가 가장 높았다. 결론: 임상실습의 효과를 극대화하기 위해 실습생과 안경원의 만족도가 반영된 임상실습 프로그램이 요구되며 이에 따른 폭 넓은 연구와 관심이 요구된다.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2012

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 장애인들의 여가활동 실태, 즉 뇌졸중 장애인들이 주로 참여하는 여가활동, 여가활동 이용실태, 여가활동을 하는 이유, 여가활동을 위해 지출되는 비용, 그리고 여가활동 만족도 등에 관한 실태 도출을 통해 뇌졸중 장애인들의 여가활동을 활성화 시키는데 있다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상은 울산광역시에 소재한 장애인복지관에서 여가활동을 이용해본 경험이 있는 뇌졸중 장애인 70명을 대상으로 2010년 7월 1일부터 7월 30일까지 방문을 통한 직접 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석은 SPSS for Windows ver 12.0(Statistical Package for Social Science) 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석을 하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 장애인복지관에서 뇌졸중 장애인이 가장 많이 참여하는 여가활동으로는 수영, 게이트볼, 요가, 기체조 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 뇌졸중 장애인이 한 달에 여가활동을 위한 비용은 5만원 이하가 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 뇌졸중 장애인의 장애인복지관을 이용한 여가활동 만족도는 63.1%가 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 첫째, 장애인복지관에서 뇌졸중 장애인을 위한 여가 프로그램의 개발이다. 둘째, 여가활동 프로그램의 재정적 지원이 필요하다. 셋째, 신체적 기능향상을 위한 여가 프로그램의 개발과 전문가참여가 필요하다. 넷째, 지역사회의 교류 참여이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.297-310
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to verify the impact of the empowerment of dental personnels as one of variables affecting the performance of dental institutions and to seek ways of boosting their organizational productivity. Methods : The subjects in this study were dental personnels who worked in dental institutions. After three investigators were trained, a pilot survey was conducted from October 20 to November 20, 2009, and the questionnaire used in the pilot survey was finalized. The collected data were analyzed with a SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 12.0 program. The findings of the study were as follows: Results: 1. The dental personnels investigated got 3.98 in meaningfulness, one of the empowerment factors. They found a meaning in their job when they performed it. 2. The dental personnels who were older were more excellent in self- determination and influence, and age made a significant difference to their empowerment. 3. The dental personnels who were better educated were more superior in terms of empowerment, and academic credential made a significant difference to their empowerment factors was statistically. 4. The dental personnels whose yearly salary was larger were more which were the factors of empowerment of each factor was statistically significant. 5. Dental health agency workers less than three years accounted for most of 152 people were working longer duration of empowerment as a whole was that each of the factor scores. Empowerment of each factor was statistically significant. 6. The dental hygienists made up the largest group among the dental institution employees, and the kind of occupation made a significant difference to meaningfulness, competency and influence, which were the factors of empowerment. 7. The greatest group of the dental personnels worked in dental clinics, and the dental hospital employees surpassed the dental clinic employees in competency, self-determination and influence. There was a significant difference in the influence factor according to the type of dental institutions. Conclusions : Thus, the dental personnels were more aware of the meaningfulness factor when their perception of the job-related empowerment was checked, and it indicated that most of them attached importance to meaningfulness during their job performance. But just employees who worked in dental institutions located in particular regions were examined, the findings might not be generalizable. In the future, more extensive research should be implemented, and the sorts of programs that could stir up empowerment among dental institution employees or bolster organizational empowerment should be developed.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.977-987
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on sensory' motor development and adaptive behavior of cerebral palsy children. The design of this study was quasi experiments with a non-equivalent pre- and post-test control design. Subjects of the study were arbitrarily chosen based on predetermined selection criteria among the cerebral palsy children who were treated as out-patients at two rehabilitation hospitals one in Seoul, and the other in Kyunggi-do. The study was conducted between early April and late July in 2000. Fifteen children were in the experimental group and eleven in the control group. The allocation was done based on ease of experimental treatment. A five-step SIT program was devised from a combination of SIT programs suggested by Ayres(1985) and Finks(1989), and an author-designed SIT program for cerebral palsy children. The experimental group was subjected to 20 to 30 minutes of SIT per session. two sessions a week for ten -week period. The effects of SIT were measured with respect to 9 sub-areas that can be administered to cerebral palsy children out of a total of 17 sub-areas in the Southern California Sensory Integration Test (SCSIT) developed by Ayres (1980). In addition. the scale developed by Russell (1993) for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). and Perception Motor Development Test developed by 中司利一 et al.(1987) were also applied. Adaptive behavior was analyzed using guidelines in two unpublished documents - School-Age Checklist for Occupational Therapy by the Wakefield Occupational Therapy Associates, and the OTA-Watertown Clinical Assessment by the Watertown Occupational Therapy Associates-, and an author-developed Adaptive Behavior Checklist. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. In sensory development, the experimental group exhibited a score increase compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, Although the experimental group showed improvements in all. 9 sub-areas compared to the control group, only right-left discrimination exhibited statistically significant change. 2. In gross motor development, the experimental group showed improvements in score compared to the control group, but it was not statistically significant. In fine motor development, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group. In sub-area analysis, figure synthesis showed positive change. 3. In adaptive behavior development, post-experimental adaptive behavior scores were higher compared to pre-experimental scores with statistical significance. Furthermore, sub-areas emotional behavior, perception behavior, gross-fine motor function, oral-respiration function, motor behavior, motor planning, and adaptive response exhibited higher scores after SIT. In conclusion SIT was found to be partially effective in sensory and fine motor development, effective in all adaptive behavior areas, and not effective in gross motor development. Thus, this study has shown that SIT is an effective intervention for sensory development, fine motor development, and adaptive behavior for cerebral palsy children. But, for the effectiveness of SIT on gross motor development, further studies employing longer-time experiments are recommended.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 2020

Objective: Porcine respiratory disease is one of the most important health problems causing significant economic losses. To understand the genetic basis for susceptibility to swine enzootic pneumonia (EP) in pigs, we detected 102,809 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a total of 249 individuals based on genome-wide sequencing data. Methods: Genome comparison of susceptibility to swine EP in three pig breeds (Jinhua, Erhualian, and Meishan) with two western lines that are considered more resistant (Duroc and Landrace) using cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity and F-statistic (F_ST) statistical approaches identified 691 positively selected genes. Based on quantitative trait loci, gene ontology terms and literature search, we selected 14 candidate genes that have convincible biological functions associated with swine EP or human asthma. Results: Most of these genes were tested by several methods including transcription analysis and candidate genes association study. Among these genes: cytochrome P450 1A1 and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) are involved in fertility; transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 plays a role in meat quality traits; Wnt family member 2, CTNNB1 and transcription factor 7 take part in adipogenesis and fat deposition simultaneously; plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (completely linked to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, r² = 1) plays an essential role in the successful ovulation of matured oocytes in pigs; colipase like 2 (strongly linked to SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor, r² = 0.848) is involved in male fertility. Conclusion: These adverse genes susceptible to swine EP may be selected while selecting for economic traits (especially reproduction traits) due to pleiotropic and hitchhiking effect of linked genes. Our study provided a completely new point of view to understand the genetic basis for susceptibility or resistance to swine EP in pigs thereby, provides insight for designing sustainable breed selection programs. Finally, the candidate genes are crucial due to their potential roles in respiratory diseases in a large number of species, including human.