• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.490-497
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of life (QOL) and its related factors in veterans with physical dysfunction. The survey data was collected from 412 patients with physical dysfunction managed at five veterans' hospitals in Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Daejeon city. The baseline for the quality of life was measured using the SF-36 (Short-Form 36), activities of daily living was measured using a Modified Barthel Index (MBI), pain level was determined using Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), and the depression level was assessed using Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale: Short-Form (SGDS-K). The SF-36 scores showed a significant correlation with age (r=-0.132), self-rated current health status (r=-0.545), active daily living (r=0.514), pain level (r=-0.243), and depression level (r=-0.565) (p<0.05). The most influential variables on the QOL were the depression level (B=-.969, p<0.001), QVAS (B=-0.163, p<0.001), and MBI (B=0.140, p<0.001). The results of this study showed that that depression, pain and activities of daily living are significant predictors of the QOL in veterans with a physical dysfunction. Therefore, healthcare providers need to consider these parameters for interventions to improve the QOL in veterans with a physical dysfunction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.336-344
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• 2015

This study evaluated the association between metabolic syndrome(MetS), its components and depression among Korean community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES-V) 2010-2012. This study was a descriptive study of 3,755 Korean elderly, aged 65 years and older. A modified version of the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III was used to define MetS. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the questionnaire of the KNHANES-V. Multiple regression analyses performed the association between MetS, its components and depression. MetS was not statistically associated depressive symptoms, but low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was statistically associated depressive symptoms(Odds raio[OR]=1.26, 95%Confidence Interval [CI]=1.002-1.584) in older adults. Among elderly women, MetS(OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.029-1.792), elevated fasting glucose(OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.070-1.851), low HDL-C(OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.078-1.746) were statistically associated depressive symptoms. In conclusion, present study showed an association between MetS and depressive symptoms in Korean community dwelling elderly women but not in men.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and related risk factors of problem drinking in the Korean adult population. Participants (n=7,867) aged 19 years or older were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [KNHANES] of 2007-2008. Sociodemographic characteristics and AUDIT score were obtained from the KNHANES dataset. AUDIT scores were categorized into three groups, including low risk, intermediate risk, and high-risk alcohol drinking according to WHO guidelines. In this study, the prevalence of high-risk and intermediate-risk alcohol drinking were 12.2% and 21.0%, respectively. Adjusted mean AUDIT score was higher in men, younger individuals, as well as those with lower education levels and those that smoked. Results revealed that demographic variables, including sex, age, education level, and smoking, were important factors affected high-risk drinking. In particular, since smoking was the most significant risk factor, the adjusted odds ratio for high-risk drinking among participants that smoked was 4.78 [(95% confidence interval (CI)=3.75-6.10, p<.0001)]. This study suggests that men, younger age, low educational level, and smoking are the risk factors for a high-risk alcohol drinking.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study, we analyzed refractive power of school children in low income family. Methods: We have done a comparative analysis with 112 subjects of low-income of 17 elementary schools in the Yeongcheon area and low-income children less than -6 D of refractive errors from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Report 2010. Results: Spherical equivalent (SE) with low-income group of nation was -1.99 D for right eye and -1.81 D for left eye, while high income group of nation showed -1.26 D and -1.21 D for right eye and left eye respectively. The SE with low income group in Yeongcheon area was -1.85 D for right eye and -1.81 D for left eye. The SE with orphan was -2.75 D and -2.42 D. Single parent family was -2.10 D and -1.96 D, and two parent family was -1.75 D and -1.73. Conclusions: The lack of attention to children eye care may be one of cause for myopia, so the role of the parents and teacher is very important. However, limited role of parents to children due to low income, it is necessary to provide an institutional strategy and social interest to prevent children vision' in low income family.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2089-2099
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• 2015

This study examined the relationships between the blood heavy metal (Pb, Hg and Cd) concentration and exposure-related factors. The subjects were 2,042 (male: 953, female: 1,089) who were recruited through a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Differences in the concentrations of mercury were observed in males, whereas females showed differences in lead and cadmium. Analyses of the blood concentrations according to body mass index and waist circumference showed significantly higher concentrations of mercury. In males, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of dyslipidemia was higher than normal in the blood lead concentration. In females, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of dyslipidemia was higher than normal in the blood lead concentration. The blood lead and cadmium concentrations of male smokers was higher than non-smokers, and cadmium showed the same results in females. The blood lead levels were higher in male alcohol consumers than non-drinkers. The blood concentrations of mercury and cadmium showed significant differences according to household income. Blood concentrations of heavy metals were closely related to exposure-related factors, and age, smoking, drinking alcohols, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and household income were found to be relevant.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2570-2578
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• 2012

We investigated whether coffee and green tea consumption reduced the risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Participants were 5,283 adults, aged 19-79 years, in the Third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with excessive alcohol consumption, overweight, viral hepatitis, metabolic syndrome. Increased coffee and green tea consumption was not associated with decreased serum ALT. However, amount of coffee consumption had negative correlation with serum AST activity. Moreover, coffee consumption reduced the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (p for trend <0.001). Hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia was involved as subgroup of metabolic syndrome. Comparing persons who drank more than 2 cups per day with less than 1 cup per day, the prevalence of all subgroups was declined significantly. In this large, national, population-based study, consumption of coffee was associated with lower the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.569-576
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: While patient-centered outcomes are usually not reported, these may represent major aspects of the implant success for the patient. Use of a well-designed patient survey form can be an invaluable asset to the implant practitioners. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate patient satisfaction after implant therapy by means of a questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS: South Korean patients (n = 100), who visited the dental examination center of Soon Chun Hyang university hospital, were asked to fill out the satisfaction questionnaire regarding aspects of cost, comfort, esthetics, chewing, gingival health, food impaction, phonetic aspect, screw loosening, and general satisfaction. Responses to statements were given on the Likert response scale. Four experimental groups of patients were distinguished with various location ($A_1,\;A_2,\;A_3$), year ($B_1,\;B_2,\;B_3$), number of implant replacements ($C_1,\;C_2,\;C_3$), and treatment cost ($D_1,\;D_2,\;D_3$). The reliability of the response scales was measured by calculation of its internal consistency, expressed as Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. The scales were distinguished by means of factor analysis method. Possible differences in scale scores among the groups were assessed by One-way ANOVA (${\alpha}$= 0.05). RESULTS: Patients responded to most of the statements with high satisfaction. But the mean scale score of statement about cost was low. After the verification of internal consistency and factor analysis, five components, e.g. general satisfaction, comfort, chewing efficiency, esthetics, and phonetic aspect were grouped together. These components could be explained with common meaning and the first factor was named as 'general satisfaction'. Differences in patient satisfaction on the scale with esthetics were present between patients who have been wearing the implant prosthesis less than three years and those more than seven years ($B_1<B_3$). CONCLUSION: The patients were generally satisfied with the outcome of implant treatment. But the patients' major complaint was high cost and while the statistically significant difference was not shown, the satisfaction scale about food impaction and esthetics was low. So the continuing efforts to make improvements about these problems are needed for the implant practitioners.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.583-595
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• 2014

Hospitals in Korea have been increasingly using physician assistants (PA) as an alternative way of dealing with the shortage of residents. However, some incidents of a Physician's Assistant practicing beyond their legal scope require closer examination of the current PA's roles and functions. This study is a web-based survey designed towards targeting physician assistants in Korea (KPA) who practice delegated tasks under a physician's license. Currently, there are 2,125 KPAs working in 141 general hospitals and medical centers. Data from 704 nurses from who responded to the questionnaire were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the SPSS 12.0 program. Their mean age is 32.5 years with 8-10 years of clinical experiences, with males being more likely to be a PA. Despite of KPAs providing medical services and performing invasive procedures, only 13% of KPAs are licensed APNs (advanced practice nurse). KPAs have a low job satisfaction due to a lack of rewards and the necessity for providing illegal practices, and are experiencing identity confusion. The current KPA system is a transitional product of the change from the hierarchial structure to a more collaborative relationship between the medical and nursing departments. Providing adequate education and training, establishing protocols with legal protection, and developing professional independent scope of care are recommended to deliver safe and efficient medical services.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.745-752
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to define a portion size for dishes frequently consumed by Korean adults especially focusing on main dishes like rice, noodles, soups, and stews. From the original 8,019 people who took part in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010, we analyzed the data for 4,556 persons aged 19 to 64 years and selected dish items consumed based on an intake frequency of 30 or more by all participants. The portion size of each dish item was set on the basis of the median amount ($50^{th}$ percentile) in a single intake by a single person. In the rice category, 15 items were selected, of which the most frequently consumed item was steamed rice with a portion size of 250ml. Among noodles and dumplings, the most frequently consumed dish was ramyeon with a portion size of 500ml. As for soups, the portion size was $250m{\ell}$ for kongnamul guk and $300m{\ell}$ for miyeoguk. In stews, the most frequently consumed items were kimchi jjigae followed by doenjang jjigae with a portion size of $200m{\ell}$ and $125m{\ell}$, respectively. In a comparison of portion sizes between the KNHANES 2010 and KNHANES 2005, the portion size of some noodles, soups, and stews tended to decrease from 2005 to 2010. Portion sizes established in this study for dish items consumed regularly by adults may be conveniently and effectively used in dietary planning, in nutritional education programs, and in assessing the dietary intake status of Korean adults.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.376-389
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to grasp the status of drug uses in college students, and to investigate the knowledge and attitude when they use it. We collected through questionnaires from Sep. 1 to Oct. 30 in 1999. The subjects were 490 college students in Seoul and northern of the Kyunggi-do. The data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 7.0) and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. 1. There was no correlation for all factors in the relationship between general characteristics of subjects and knowledge for drugs. On the contrary, in the relation of the general characteristics and attitude for drug of subjects, some factors are statistically significant e.g., department (F=3.049, p<.010), satisfaction for school life (F=6.167,p<.002), body shape(F=8.092, p<.000), and the relationship with ones parents (F=3.728, p<.005). 2. In the analysis of drug use status and knowledge, only in the factor of administration control was statistically significant(F=4.304, p<.014) and in the relation of attitude for drug uses, drug administration was statistically significant (F=4.521, p<.004). 3. In the mean scores for the drug knowledge analysis, the highest factor was 'A narcotic make deformed persons through poisoning of physical and mental' (M=4.14), the lowest factor was 'If catch the flu during the pregnancy, should be take drug as possible as quickly to reduce negative effect for fetal' (M=1.94). 4. In the analysis for drug attitude, the highest factor was 'A drug is alike a poison' (M=3.48), 'Should be keep the usage and dosage of drug' was the lowest (M=1.48). 5. From the investigation for status of drug use, it was revealed that the most subjects (73.6%) were purchase drugs after explain their symptoms to pharmacist. And they take drugs only when they felt painful in 43.1%. The most students (70.4%) were experienced control of drug administration. It was inquired that subjects were mainly obtained information about drugs from pharmacist and television (or radio) advertisement, 33.5% and 33.1%, respectively. In the examination for existence of long-term administrators in their family, 'none' and 'only parents' are 49.6% and 37.3%, respectively. When their parents have illness, the persons go to drugstore and hospital for heath-care, 47.8% and 44.3%, respectively. On the basis of results of this study, we suggest as follows. 1. This study was analyzed data from questionnaires for college students in a part of local areas, so we suggest that the next research should be perform for national-wide students as subjects to generalize the results. 2. It is need more intensive research methodologies such as interview and observation. 3. Additional research is required for knowledge and behaviors of drug uses that will how impact on ones health behavior.