• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment duration and dentoskeletal changes between two different anchorage systems used to treat maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and to examine the effectiveness of en-masse retraction using two miniscrews placed in the midpalatal suture. Methods: Fifty-seven patients (9 men, 48 women), who had undergone level anchorage system treatment at Aichi-Gakuin University Dental Hospital (Nagoya, Japan) were divided into two groups according to the method of maxillary posterior anchorage reinforcement: midpalatal miniscrews (25 patients, mean age 22 years) and conventional anchorage (32 patients, mean age 19 years). The en-masse retraction period, overall treatment duration, pre-treatment effective ANB angle, and change in the effective ANB angle were compared with an independent-samples t -test. Results: Compared to the headgear group, the duration of en-masse retraction was longer by approximately 4 months in the miniscrew group (p < 0.001). However, we found no significant difference in the total treatment duration between the groups. Moreover, a greater change in the effective ANB angle was observed in patients treated with miniscrews than in those treated with the conventional method (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The level anchorage system treatment using miniscrews placed in the midpalatal area will allow orthodontists more time to control the anterior teeth during en-masse retraction, without increasing the total treatment duration. Furthermore, it achieves better dentoskeletal control than does the conventional anchorage method, thereby improving the quality of the treatment results.

• 복식
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2004

To study the clothing names has been one of the research subjects in the history of clothing since the name could be the basic tool to understand the clothing. In the past, the name of clothing were used in Chinese character which is hieroglyphic. Each character of Chinese has special meaning. They had been changed into Korean after Korean characters were invented. During the period when they were changed into Korean, some of them retained the original meaning while others widened the original meaning. Some of them even translated into totally different meaning. Accordingly, it could be a clue to survey the changing process of Chinese names into Korean by analysing the vocabulary in the books published in Choseon dynasty. In this study, the first step is to survey the children's Chinese vocabulary learning material, Hunmongahoe(1527), Sinzeungliuhap(1576) and Ahackpyun(1804). These books were widely used from 16 to 19 centuries. It has been surveyed how the meaning of clothes names has changed and the special features of changed names. The names appeared in these Chinese vocabulary learning books included headgear, footwear, dress, part names of dress, ornaments, color and names of textile. The followings are observed by studying the names appeared in more than two books above： 1. The same Chinese character were translated differently. 2. Recently the meaning of Chinese character has been reduced or changed into new Chinese character. 3. Some of them retained the same meaning but used different character. It has been observed that some clothing names retained the original meaning but others changed the meaning, or translated into different names. It shows that the appropriate meaning of names should be properly selected when we study the history of clothing.

• 복식
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.72-86
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• 2006

The study aimed to materialize the meaning of the names through analyzing names that have synonyms and ambiguous words. The subjects of the study are seven foreign language study books such as $\ll$譯語類解 Yeokeoyuhae $\gg$ $\ll$譯語類解補編 Yeokeoyuhae - supplementary book$\gg$, $\ll$同文類解 Dongmunyuhae$\ggl$, $\ll$象語類解 Mongeoyuhae$\gg$, $\ll$象語類解補編 Mongeoyuhae- supplementary book$\gg$, $\ll$俊語類解 Oaeeoyuhae$\gg$ and $\ll$方름類釋 Bangeonyuseok$\gg$. The study selected vocabularies related with headgear, socks, clothing from those vocabulary books. The results are as follows: 1. The result focusing on the same Chinese terms in multiple forms has shown that '帽子(Moja), 斗逢(Dubong), 頭面(Dumyen), 襪(Mal), 木?(Mokgeuk), 　據子(Nanmalja), 樓子(Oja), 小樓子(Sooja), 養衣(Saui), 團領(Danlyeng), 掛子(Goija), 齊肩掛(Jegyengae), 彩兒(Sama), 單補(Dango)' have differences in Korean annotations, and it has been found that these differences are spelt as synonyms in general. 2. The result focusing on the same Korean terms in multiple forms has shown that Gamto, Gat, Satgat, Bolkki, Gatmo, Neoneol, Gatdongot, Ddambatgijeoksam, Nuyeok, Tyeollik, Goui, Baji, Gatdongot, Hatot, Dongdoljji, Yusam, Chima and ete. have 2 or more Chinese spellings. Among these, Neoneol, Ddambatgijeoksam, Nuyeok, Tyeollik, and etc. seem to have used similar Chinese spellings, and Gat, Dongdoljji, and etc. seem to have used Chinese spellings according to the multiple forms in each country. 3. There have also been records of terms seldom used at present such as Dalogi, Neoneol, and etc., and it has been found that Mahulae, Doljji, Dunja, and etc. are the terms have been geographically influenced by the northern race as they have been left as a dialect in North Korea currently. 4. Mahulae, Kulimae, Neolku, and etc. may be inferred as they have originated from Manchu language through pronunciation of each country spelt in translated books.

• 복식
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• 제60권9호
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• pp.26-40
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is the Tibetan folk costumes'characteristics and change of design in stage. The subjects are the Tibetan costumes in the Spring Festival Gala of CCTV. The basic characteristics of Tibetan folk costumes are fat waist, long sleeves, overlap, and right ren. Tibetan costumes consist of Tibetan gowns, aprons, shirts, belts, Tibetan hats, headgear, ornaments, all of these compose the traditional image of the Tibetan people. Because of the long-term closed survival, the development of Tibetan costumes has no much vertical differences and changes. The costumes of Weizang(衛藏), Ali(阿里), Gongbu(工布), Kham(康巴), Amdo(安多) have different features which are divided according to different dialects. Study the changes of design Tibetan stage costumes from 25times, we can get that during the 1986~1992, people emphasis on the activities of dancers, styles are simple, just to grasp the characteristics of the Tibetan costumes. In the 1993~1999, the dancers put on the real-life Tibetan clothing on stages. By the 2000s to now, Tibetan stage costumes have much more changes in forms and colors which are more complete and complex. The types of Tibetan costumes include Tibetan all clothing, they all express the changed forms and colors without exception. So in this period are artistic Tibetan folk costumes.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.776-792
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the traditional attire of four ethnic minority groups in Northeastern China: Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Hezhen, considering their natural environment, lifestyles, and cultural influences. A literature review of academic papers, books, and online resources was conducted, along with indirect investigations through artifacts. The Daur people, being equestrian, have garments with deep slits, vibrant colors, and elaborate decorations. The Ewenki people wear clothes made of fabric in the summer and primarily deer skin in the winter, and their clothing is simple and not flashy. The Oroqen people's clothing typically has slits at the front, back, or on both sides, and they wear a waist belt. The Hezhen people, an ethnic group that primarily hunts and fishes, wear two-piece clothing with a hip-length top and pants or other fur-trimmed garments. All groups incorporate symbolic patterns influenced by Shamanism, along with animal headgear and leather shoes. We observed that the traditional costumes of ethnic minority groups in Northeastern China share many commonalities in form, but there are detailed differences in material, shape, color, and decoration due to unique geographical and climatic characteristics as well as differences in livelihood. Additionally, the structure of clothing varies depending on each tribe's shamanistic practices and lifestyle.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.531-556
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• 1992

The majority of the commonly used protraction headgears for the protraction of small and/or retropositioned maxilla not allow a change in the point of force application or direction of the force delivery to attain predictable results because of the position of the upper and lower lips to avoid discomfort to the patient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial reaction of maxillofacial complex according to the change of force variables such as direction and point of force application with designing an antenna type-modified protraction head gear. A macerated human skull with well aligned upper teeth was used to experimental model and the investigation was done by double exposure holographic interferometry. Fringe patterns of each protraction conditions were compared and analized. The results were as follows. (Frontal view) 1. The Counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla was showed by parallel protraction to occlusal plane and the fringe was decreased in number as higher point of force application. 2. Generally, the number of fringe was increased in 500gm of protraction force than in 300gm. 3. When apply the protraction force to the maxilla with rapid palatal expansion, the direction of fringe patterns was differed from the protraction without expansion. 4. In most of cases, the counterclockwise rotation was decreased in case of the direction of the force is $20^{\circ}$ downward to occlusal plane compared to the parallel direction. 5. At the point of force application is 15mm above and the direction of force is 20 downward to occlusal plane , the translation of the maxillary complex was showed. (Lateral view) 6. The direction of fringe patterns of the facial bones were differed each other by the sutures, and showed almost parallel when apply the 300gm and 500gm of protraction force. 7. In case of rapid palatal expansion with protraction of the maxilla, the fringe patterns between the maxillary area and the area from the posterior of the maxillary first molar to the pterygomaxillary fissure were differed. In case without rapid palatal expansion, the changes of direction and point of the force application did not affect to the direction and the number of the fringe patterns.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1999

A shroud is clothes for giving a dead person a bath and being finely dressed:though our routine clothes have been western, putting on a shroud has been kept comparatively well as a tradition of a conventional ceremony garments. This study is about the current using of dressing a shroud, and for presenting foundations of a way about dressing a shroud in order to make the most of this by everyone, therefore this research will be worthwhile to preserve the traditional custom of giving a dead person a bath and being finely dressed. 1. We must confirm the death of a person before we do Su-Si for controlling rightly a corse. Su-Si is ways of changing a clean clothes after bathing the dead person, tieing up hands, feet and ankles with a string, filling up a mouth, a nose and ears with a wad of cotton, laying down the dead person with his head toward east, and setting up a screen after covering the dead person with a bed sheet. 2. Here are processes of putting on a shroud. After the day of death, first of all, you must untie the string to control rightly a corpse, take off the clothes, and give a dead man a bath. You trim the dead person's fingernails and toenails, put them in O-nang, then put his hands and feet in five pouches, finally put feet in korean socks and wrap with Ak-su. You put a underwear in a overwear in order to put on the clothes easily, and then put on an upper garments after putting on trousers. And put on Sb-sin After you wash the dead person's face and his hair, you put gems and raw rice in his mouth, wrap head with cotton fabrics, and put hairs into five pouches, then put on a headgear which is filled with five pouches. 3. You tie up with hem cloth the dead person dressed a shroud after wrapping with Dae-ryum-km and So-ryumkm. 4. After you encoffin the dead person, you weave coffin strings with cotton fabrics in order to lift up the coffin easily, and lay down a red fabrics having white letters about the dead person's name or social position onto the coffin, then cover the coffin with a coffin cover : finally you leave the coffin at the former place and set up screen.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2004

골격성 II급 부정교합을 치료하는데 있어서, Tweed-Merrifield directional force technology는 시계 반대 방향으로의 양호한 골격적 변화 및 균형 잡힌 안모를 얻는데 기여하고 있다. 이는 적절한 방향으로의 J-hook을 통한 headgear force의 사용이 필수적이다. 따라서 환자의 협조에 대한 의존이 절대적이므로 약간의 문제점이 있는 것 또한 사실이다. 하지만 최근 skeletal anchorage를 이용하여 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 보다 효과적으로 고정원 보강을 할 수 있는 방법이 많이 시행되고 있어 이를 보완 할 수 있게 되었다. 저자는 HPJH(high pull J-hook)과 skeletal anchorage를 병용하여 directional force를 적용한 결과 상악 구치부에서의 고정원 보강과 상악 전치부의 토크 조절 및 mandibular response를 얻음으로써 양호한 안모의 균형을 얻을 수가 있었다. 이 치료 결과로 보아 skeletal anchorage는 HPJH을 대신하여 상악 견치 및 전치부 견인시 상악 구치부의 전후적 및 수직적 고정원 보강 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다 상악 전치부 견인시 상악 전치부의 토크 조절, 압하 및 치체이동을 위해 HPJH을 사용하였지만, 이 또한 mini 혹은 microscrew로 대체한다면 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 양호한 치료결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.244-251
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• 1999

자해행동은 정신지체에서 자주 나타나며, 특히 자폐증에서 더욱 많이 나타난다. 자해행동은 질환이라기보다는 하나의 증상군으로 다루어져왔지만, 사망률에 직접적인 영향을 줄만큼 응급인 임상적 상황이다. 본 증례는 반복적으로 머리를 때리는 자해행위를 보이는 난치성 자폐증 장애 환아가 입원한 상태에서 약물요법과 행동치료를 병행하여 치료하였기에 임상경험을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환아는 7세된 남아로 99년 4월 20일 자해행동을 주소로 OO대학교 어린이병원 소아정신과에 내원하였으며 7월 10일까지 12주간 입원치료를 받았다. 약물치료로는 입원 4주경부터 haloperidol 0.5mg에서 1.0mg으로 증량하였고, naltrexone을 $25{\sim}50mg$을 입원기간중에 병합 투여하였다. 행동치료로는 차등강화(Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior)를 이용하여 정규적인 놀이학습을 수행하였고, 초기에 사용했던 신체적 강박을 해제하기 위해서 머리 보호대와 팔거리를 이용하였다. 현재 외래 통원치료중이며 약물은 haloperidol 0.5mg 및 naltrexone 50mg을 유지하고 있고, 환아 모를 교육하여 집에서 놀이학습을 한시간씩 수행하고 있다. 퇴원당시 자해행동은 중등도 이상 감소되었으며 외래에서도 호전된 상태를 계속 유지하고 있다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.563-580
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• 1998

치열의 치군 후방이동을 유발하는 교정력에 의해 발생되는 개개 치아의 초기 변위와 응력분포를 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 유한요소법을 이용하여 상악 치아와 치근막, 그리고 치조골의 해부학적 형태와 생체적 특성을 컴퓨터로 재현하고 모형화된 브라켓을 부착한 3 차원 유한요소 모델을 형성하였다. 치열의 치군 후방이동에 사용되는 구외력과 II급 악간고무, ideal arch wire와 MEAW(Multiloop Edgewise Arch Wire), 그리고 호선에 부여된 tip back bend 에 의해 야기되는 치아 변위를 비교, 분석하였다 그리고 이러한 치료방법을 상악 제 2 대구치를 발거한 경우와 발거하지 않은 경우에 각각 적용하여 상악 제 2대구치 존재유무에 따른 치아이동 양상의 변화를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전치부 헤드기어에 의해 발생되는 치아변위는 후방 치체변위와 후방 경사변위, 그리고 수직변위 모두 치열 전방부에 집중되어 있었다. 2. Ideal arch wire에 II급 악간고무를 적용한 경우, 치아변위가 치열 전방부에 집중되었으나 ideal arch wire에 tip back bend를 부여하면 악간고무에 의한 견인력이 후방으로 전달되었다. 부여하는 tip back bend의 양이 증가할수록 전치부의 후방 치체변위와 설측 경사변위는 감소하였고 구치부의 후방 치체변위와 경사변위는 증가하였으며 II급 악간고무에 의한 전치부 정출이 감소하였다. 3. MEAW와 II급 악간고무를 적용한 결과, 치아변위 경향은 ideal arch wire와 II급 악간고무를 사용한 경우와 유사하였으나 작은 양의 치아변위와 함께 치열내 개개치아의 비교적 균등한 이동양상을 보였다. 4. 상악 제 2 대구치가 존재하는 유한요소 모델에 상악 제 1 대구치까지만 교정장치를 장착하고 후방이동을 시도한 결과 상악 제 1 대구치 치아이동이 감소하는 경향을 보였다.