• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.36
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 1995

This study present a systematic and more economical anthropometric technique to acquire 3-D anthropometric data by the use of moire interferometry, image processing and computer vision techniques. An experiment was performed to measure in anthopometric variables (head and face), such as head length, head breath, length of ear to top of head, contained face areas, etc. We took fourty-five subjects with wide range of ages(18 years to 33 years old). The face area was calculated based on contour information. The results were then compared with plaster bandage methods. It turned out that the proposed method had 90.85% consistancy.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.6 s.119
• /
• pp.474-481
• /
• 2006

In this paper, a new type blow head was developed and pneumatic application system was evaluated. The blow head had one operating factor, inserting length of collecting plate, that was directly related to discharge rate and application pattern. To determine Proper blow head arrangement and application height, a blow head set was tested. Three-way ANOVA was conducted to investigate relationships between CV value, the discharge rate and inserting length of collecting plate. The discharge rate and inserting length of collecting plate were statistically significant at p=0.01, affecting uniformity of application pattern. The best CV value among the application tests was 23.3% when the application rate and application height was 23.5 g/sec and 80 cm respectively. The worst CV value was 63.3% in 111.4 g/sec. Therefore, it is necessary to increase number of blow head in a section of the boom in improve application uniformity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three exercise programs on forward head posture. Methods: Ninety-five individuals were recruited to assess the of the pectoralis minor muscle. Of these, 36 individuals with pectoralis minor muscles were selected and randomly divided into three groups: a functional massage group, a stretching group, and a stretching and muscle strengthening group. The exercise program consisted of sessions four times per week for two weeks. The length of pectoralis minor and the activity of the trapezius muscles were measured using electromyography. Forward head posture was assessed using the craniovertebral angle (CVA) and the cranial rotation angle (CRA) pre-, during and post-treatment. Result: Significant improvements were observed in pectoralis minor length, CRA, and CVA post-treatment in all groups (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). However, only the activity of the lower trapezius demonstrated a statistically significant difference post-treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that all three exercise programs were effective in improving forward head posture and the length of pectoralis minor post-treatment.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2022

Using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation tool, we have offered a design guideline of a slot-die head having a simple T-shaped cavity through an analysis of the fluid dynamics in terms of cavity pressure and outlet velocity, which affect the uniformity of coated thin films. We have visualized the fluid flow with a transparent slot-die head where poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is injected. We have shown that the fluid dynamics inside the slot-die head depends sensitively on the cavity depth, cavity length, land length, and channel gap (i.e., shim thickness). Of those, the channel gap is the most critical parameter that determines the uniformity of the pressure and velocity distributions. A pressure drop inside the cavity is shown to be reduced with decreasing shim thickness. To quantify it, we have also calculated the coefficient of variation (CV). In accordance with Hagen-Poiseuille's laws and electron-hydraulic analogy, the CV value is decreased with increasing cavity depth, cavity length, and land length.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.24-34
• /
• 2007

This study aims to suggest basic data for the production of hats for aged women. The subjects were 151 females who are 60 years old or above and live in Busan. Their hat-wearing reality was inquired and their head parts were measured, which led to the following conclusion: 1. Results of Hat-Wearing Reality Inquiry 64.9% answered they are unsatisfied with the size system of the available hats at present, implying the necessity for improving the current dimension system. 92.7% responded hat dimensions need to be subdivided, while 97.4% were for the necessity of hat size system. 74.8% expressed their will to buy ordered hats because they can find the hats of right sizes and designs. 2. Results of Head-Part Measurement Experiments According to head-part measurement, head circumference A was 53.26cm, head circumference B 54.19cm, and head circumference C 57.69cm on the average. Cluster analysis revealed three types. Type 1 (24%) with small head length and circumference is the smallest head with a wide upper part. Type 2 (33%) has long head height, short bitragion arc A, and thick head breadth. Type 3 (43%), owing to big head circumference and length as well as high values in vertical items. Considering head circumference B (HCB) and bitragion arc A (BAA), a new hat size system of 3 sizes (HCB: BAA) was chosen: S (52cm: 29cm), M (53-55cm: 30cm), and L (56-57cm: 31cm).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2000

The morphological characteristics between male and female of three species, Chaenogobius urotaenia, C. sp. MR, C. sp. BW, collected from June 1996 to Aug. 1999, Korea was studied. Of 13 characters to be studied, 12 characters with exception of caudal fin ray length were significantly different among three species and these three species were distinguished each other by the results of the multiple comparison test (REGWQ test). Interspecific differences in female was distinct in body depth, head length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle depth, snout length, pectoral fin ray length; In particular, C. sp. MR was shorter in upper jaw length, anal fin ray length and eye diameter, and to be smaller in head depth and head width than other two species. Chaenogobius urotaenia was longer in pelvic fin ray length. In case of male, there was not characters to distinguish each one among three species; Chaenogobius urotaenia was longer in head length, eye diameter and pelvic fin ray length than other two species, C. sp. MR to be longer in caudal peduncle length, but shorter in snout length and anal fin ray length, and to be lower in head depth. C. sp. BW was higher in body depth and caudal peduncle depth, and to be longer in upper jaw length and pectoral fin ray length. Both of male and female among three species didn't have any difference in caudal fin ray length. [Chaeogobius urotaenia, C. sp. MR, C. sp. BW, morphological characteristics].

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.128-131
• /
• 2007

Head length, snout length, postorbital length, and eye diameter were measured in 209 brown croaker, Miichthys miiuy, ranging from 3.0 to 650.0 mm in total length (TL). All of the four head dimensions were regressed against the TL respectively and were increased linearly with the relative size of the head. The determination coefficients ($r^2$) ranged from 0.9823 to 0.9916, and all analysis of variance values were significant (P<0.0001). Those results suggest that these head dimensions may be useful indicators for detecting morphological deformities or for individual and population growth histories to aid in the successful rearing of brown croaker fingerlings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of the research was to analyze foot pressure, foot temperature, and correlation between foot pressure and foot temperature to grasp impact on foot pressure and body temperature distribution chart depending on functional difference of leg length. Method : After measuring leg length, put 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was over 10mm to difference group and 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was under 5mm to normal group and categorize soles of foot into 6 sections of hallux head, 1st metatarsal head, 2-4 metatarsal head, 5 metatarsal head, lateral heel, and then measure by foot pressure analyzer to analyze characteristic of pressure distribution and classify into front of the lower leg, back of the lower leg, soles of foot and measure by body temperature analyzer to analyze by checking body temperature. Result : Weight difference depending on foot pressure and body temperature was bigger when functional difference of leg length was bigger, and it could be confirmed that foot pressure and body temperature of short leg side were higher than those of short leg side. Thus, if difference exists in leg length, weight load on short leg side increases which results in higher foot pressure and body temperature, therefore enabling an assumption that mechanical problem will occur in short leg. Conclusion : When functional leg length inequality, weight bearing and pressure was getting high as a result, temperature was getting high in short leg.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2004

Objectives : To investigate contributing degree of other factors except pelvic tilting to F.L.L.D by analizing with Gonstead technique on the correlation between femur head height discrepancy on the standing pelvic AP view and F.L.L.D caused by pelvic tilting. Method : We analysed standing pelvis AP X-ray of 70 patients who had visited at the department acupunture and moxibustion in Conmaul oriental medical hospital, during May, 1st, 2004 - July, 30th, 2004, with low back pain or lower extremity pain. We excluded the person with any past history of polio, genetic defect, malunited fracture, growth plate injury, infection and overgrowth attributable to hemangioma, or arteriovenous fistula. Results & Conclusion : The functional leg length discrepancy caused by pelvic tilting and femur head height difference had no statistical difference(p=0.132) but poorly correlated(Pearson ${\nu}=0.05$). In the 94.28% of subjects, the femur head height difference wasn't in accord with F.L.L.D. caused by pelvic tilting. In 47.14% of subjects were expected to have over $3^{mm}$ of leg length discrepancy after pelvic adjustment. The mean of measurement difference between two methods was $3.76{\pm}3.12^{mm}$ and the range was $0{\sim}11.4^{mm}$. Consequently, we must consider not only functional leg length discrepancy caused by pelvic tilting but also anatomical leg length discrepancy, misalignment of ankle, knee or hip joint etc.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 1997

Characteristics of sex ratio and morphometric traits of induced allotriploid between female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and male cherry salmon, O. masou were performed. Sex ratios in both rainbow trout and cherry salmon were equally 1:1, while hybrid and allotriploid revealed higher proportion of male offspring (p<0.01). Body trait measurements of allotriploid in head hight/head length, length of dorsal fin base/body length and length of pectoral fin/body length were intermediate to their parental species, while in length of upper jaw/head length, allotriploid much more resembled that of rainbow trout. These facts proved that allotriploidization improved characters in sex ratio and morphometric traits compared to those o their parental species.