• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.164-173
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• 2002

The first product liability laws went into effect in Korea in July 2002. A person who suffers personal injury or damage to property due to defects in a product may sue both the manufacturer and the seller of the product under the principles of Korea tort law. This paper presents an integrated methodology which is called the QDRD(Quality deployment and reliability deployment) for hazards analysis in new product designs. QDRD applies QFD, FMEA and FTA to identify the hazards component, hazardous situations and hazardous events which could lead to an accident. An example is provided to demonstrate hazards analysis on a product using the QDRD method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.36-40
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• 2009

In this study, we surveyed 544 drivers, who had taken the education course for autogas car drivers, to figure out their safety awareness status including the recognition of hazards of gas leaking from autogas cars and response attitude toward them. As a result of the survey, we found out that 63% of the responders recognized the hazards of gas leakage and 79% preferred parking in the aboveground areas. For the necessity of introducing restrictions on autogas cars parking in underground lots, 58% of all responders answered yes while 71% of the responders aged over fifties and 73% of them who responded to have known the hazards of parking in underground answered in the affirmative. Furthermore, we found out that responders who had recognized the hazards preferred aboveground parking areas, and the responders who had preferred the aboveground recognized the hazards of parking autogas cars underground and felt the necessity of restricting them from parking in underground relatively high. Through the analysis of these results, we can analyse that the drivers who are aware of the hazards of gas leakage have higher safety attitude for hazards than the other drivers who are not aware of them.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.973-984
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• 2017

There is a growing need to apply TBM tunnelling method for the construction of underground facilities such as subways and utility tunnels in urban areas. Due to the variability and uncertainty of the ground, tunnelling in urban areas has various safety hazards which could cause damage to people and properties and it is very costly to recover from accidents. Therefore, it is very important to identify hazards from the planning and design phase and to establish risk mitigation measures. In this study, a total of 31 hazards affecting the stability of TBM tunnelling works in urban areas were listed from both the technical literature and correspondence with experts in tunnelling area. The importance and priorities of the hazards were analyzed by conducting Delphi technique, which is a decision-making method by consensus among experts. Finally, 12 hazards that satisfy the content validity criteria were settled and could be used as major control factors for accident prevention during TBM tunnelling works.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2008

Landslide researches are divided to a method of interrelationship for various factors, method of predicting landslide possibility, and method of estimating landslide risk which are occurring landslides in the natural slope. Most of landslides occurred in natural slope are caused by a heavy rainfall in summer season. Weathered soil layer located in upper side of rock mass was occurred. As well as, they are announced to have an influence to geometry, geology, soil characteristics, and precipitation in the natural slope. In order to investigate and interpret the variety of landslides from field investigation to risk analysis, landslide analysis process due to geotechnical and geological opinions are systematically demanded. In this research, the study area is located in Macheon area, Gyeongsangnam-do and performed the landslide investigation. From the results of landslide investigation and analysis, optimized standard model based on natural landslide is proposed to high technical method of landslide investigation and interpretation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.126-135
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop risk assessment techniques and institutional analysis of domestic and international, the management techniques that can efficiently manage the harmful factor of the laboratory and to present the institutional measures that can be efficiently implemented. Due to a variety of adverse factors of laboratory, accidents of laboratory of various forms have occurred, but there is no risk assessment system in order to manage this effectively. So, we investigated this domestic existing risk assessment methods and the outside of the risk assessment system, and also analyzed accidents of domestic laboratory that occurred in 2014. In addition, we targeted the 24 laboratories in 21 universities to investigate the management of harmful factors of the laboratory and performed applying test for 12 domestic laboratories. Existing risk evaluation system, such as PMS, SMS, off-site impact assessment, since the industrial site is the subject, is a difficult problem to be directly applied to the laboratory of the research institute. So, we implemented management status and harmful factors survey and classified the research and development activities based on this data. Finally we developed "pre-hazards risk analysis method" to create each of the safety management measures. In addition, research activities personnel conducted voluntarily risk assessment, which is shared by institutions and government. It is presented the institutional system for safety management of laboratory. Its result, pre-hazards risk analysis method and institutionalization scheme will be able to achieve laboratory accident prevention system.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

To meet the growing needs from a variety of stakeholders, the development of modern systems is getting more complex and thus, the systems failure in the actual operations can potentially become more serious. This is why several international or military standards on systems safety have been published. In spite of the importance of meeting those standards such as IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 in the systems development, the associated practical methods seem deficient since those standards do not provide them. The objective of this paper is to present a method to identify potential hazards in fulfilling the requirements of the safety standards. In particular, the approach taken here is based on applying the functional analysis that covers several levels of the system under development. Note, however, that in the most of the conventional methods for hazards identification, the analysis has been focused on the failure at or underneath the component level of the system. The hazards identification method in this paper would cover the level up to the system by utilizing the functions-oriented approach. The case study of the safety enhancement for locomotive cabs is also discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.279-291
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• 2012

When fitting a Cox proportional hazards model with missing covariates, it is inefficient to exclude observations with missing values in the analysis. Furthermore, if the missing-data mechanism is not Missing Completely At Random(MCAR), it may lead to biased parameter estimation. Many approaches have been suggested to handle the Cox proportional hazards model when covariates are sometimes missing, but they are based on the selection model. This paper suggest an approach to handle Cox proportional hazards model with missing covariates by using the pattern-mixture model (Little, 1993). The pattern-mixture model is expressed by the joint distribution of survival time and the missing-data mechanism. In the pattern-mixture model, many models can be considered by setting up various restrictions, and different results under various restrictions indicate the sensitivity of the model due to missing covariates. A simulation study was conducted to show the sensitivity of parameter estimation under different restrictions in a pattern-mixture model. The proposed approach was also applied to mouse leukemia data.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.3 s.172
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• pp.207-219
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• 2005

The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in a small watershed were investigated and the effect of geology and land use on soil quality were examined by using multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. The soil developed from andesite had finer texture and higher contents of water extractable inorganic components, clay, and mafic minerals than the soil developed from granite. It is considered that the accumulation of salts in the farmland soils indicated by electrical conductivity, contents of cations and anions and pH was caused by fertilizer input during cultivation. The low contents of organic matter in the farmland soils was due to the enhanced oxidation of organic matter by tillage and by the harvest of crops. The contents of inorganic components are increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest. The high contents of water soluble $SO_4\;^{2-}$ of paddy soils is due to the oxidation of sulfides mineral formed during the flooding period during the air-dry and extraction. The results of principal components analysis show the difference of soil quality was controlled by geology and land use. PCI indicate the input of fertilizer, mineral weathering and ion exchange reaction by application of nitrogenous fertilizers. The results of two discriminant analyses using water extractable inorganic components and their ratios by land use were also clearly classified by discriminant function 1 and 2. In discriminant analysis by components, discriminant function 1 indicated the effect of fertilizer application and increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest soil. The investigated and predicted data for land use from discriminant analysis showed similar results. The discriminant analysis can be used as a useful method certifying the change of land use.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2021

Construction accidents occur due to a number of reasons-worker carelessness, non-adoption of safety equipment, and failure to comply with safety rules are some examples. Because much construction work is done outdoors, weather conditions can also be a factor in accidents. Past construction accident data are useful for accident prevention, but since construction accident data are often in a text format consisting of natural language, extracting construction hazards from construction accident data can take a lot of time and that entails extra cost. Therefore, in this study, we extracted construction hazards from 2,026 domestic construction accident reports using text mining and performed a seasonal analysis of construction hazards through frequency analysis and centrality analysis. Of the 254 construction hazards defined by Korea's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, we extracted 51 risk factors from the construction accident data. The results showed that a significant hazard was "Formwork" in spring and autumn, "Scaffold" in summer, and "Crane" in winter. The proposed method would enable construction safety managers to prepare better safety measures against outdoor construction accidents according to weather, season, and climate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3578-3585
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to establish the critical limit at CCP (Critical Control Point) of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system for instant noodle and it was conducted at P company in Ichen(Gyeonggi-do), Korea. According to the CCP, Fried process were experimented to removal and decrease of microbiological and chemical hazards by measuring of each temperature and times. As a result, the standard plate count and pathogenic microorganism were not detected by fried processing (Temperature : $145{\pm}10^{\circ}C$, Time : $75{\pm}30$ sec). The acid value of chemical hazards produced by fried processing was able to manage, showed lower (0.2) than the legal limit (0.6). Air-borne bacterial examination results detected(3 CFU/mL, 3 CFU/mL) in the Frying Room and Steam Room. Therefore, the CCP-BC of fried process would be a great alternative to prevent and remove hazard analysis, such as general and pathogenic microorganism (E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, Sthaph. aureus etc), chemical hazard analysis. In conclusion, it suggested that HACCP plan was necessary for management standard and systematic approach in establishement of critical limit, solving the problem, method of verification, education and records management by fried processing.