• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.269-281
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• 2021

Land creeping is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement o f slope-forming soil or rock. Because creep-related failures occur frequently on a large scale without notice, they can be hazardous to both property and human life. Korea Forest Service has operated the prevention and response system from land creeping which has been on the rise since 2018. We categorized and proposed three survey steps (e.g., preliminary, regional, detailed) for investigation of creeping susceptibility site with a focus on geophysical mapping of a selected test site, Yongheung-dong, Pohang, Korea. The combination of geophysical (dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography and reciprocal seismic refraction technique, well-logging), geotechnical studies (standard penetrating test, laboratory tests), field mapping (tension cracks, uplift, fault), and comprehensive interpretation of their results provided the reliable information of the subsurface structures including the failure surface. To further investigate the subsurface structure including the sliding zone, we performed high-resolution geophysical mapping in addition to the regional survey. High-resolution seismic velocity structures are employed for stability analysis because they provided more simplified layers of weathering rock, soft rock, and hard rock. Curved slip plane of the land creeping is effectively delineated with a shape of downslope sliding and upward pushing at the apex of high resistive bedrock in high-resolution electrical resistivity model with clay-mineral contents taken into account. Proposed survey steps and comprehensive interpretation schemes of the results from geological, geophysical, and geotechnical data should be effective for data sets collected in a similar environment to land-creeping susceptibility area.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 2021

Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle utilization and image processing technology for remote sensing have diversified remarkably with Orthophoto and Digital Surface Model. In particular, It uses more application fields such as spatial information analysis and hazardous areas as well as land surveying. This study analyses the accuracy of the coordinate on Orthophoto and DSM height on slope area with high and low differences by using UAV images. As the result of this study, in the case of GCP on 2D orthophoto, the location error was not produced significantly. The vertical position of the DSM showed the highest accuracy when the height difference between GCPs is under 30m(RMSEZ=0.07m). The location of the GCPs was divided into approximately 10m, 20m, 30m, and 40m with analysis for each of the eight points of GCP and inspection points in general. This study expects that producing both horizontal accuracy of Orthophoto and vertical accuracy of DSM using UAV on the sloped area which similar to this research area will help in spatial information fields.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.557-563
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• 2020

Digital Twin Technology is currently being utilized in many industries and logistics seems soon to follow that trend. Currently, technology introduction to container terminals is restrictedly developing. In reviewing the existing literature, it became clear that research on the application of Digital Twin technology for container terminals is deficient. This study fulfilled AHP and IPA analysis causing fields to adjust priority at the container terminal. The result of analysis on the urgent necessity of adjustable fields' detailed elements from Digital Twin Technology, ATC, intelligent CCTV, and container yards, and showed that they were of the highest priority level. Also, VR/AR Equipment, AYT, Smart Container, Automated Container Delivery Facility, Refrigerated/Freezer Container, Wearable Device for Port Maintenance, and Smart Buoy were reviewed in detail. Our group suggests AQC, Berth, AGV, ASC, Apron, and Automated Mooring as potentially useful Digital Twin Technologies. Finally, our research suggests the OSS equipment, intermodal linkage facility, intelligent drone, and hazardous material storage are areas of low priority.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.146-146
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• 2022

A flash flood is one of the most hazardous natural events caused by heavy rainfall in a short period of time in mountainous areas with steep slopes. Early warning of flash flood is vital to minimize damage, but challenges remain in the enhancing accuracy and reliability of flash flood forecasts. The forecasters can easily determine whether flash flood is occurred using the flash flood guidance (FFG) comparing to rainfall volume of the same duration. In terms of this, the hydrological model that can consider the basin characteristics in real time can increase the accuracy of flash flood forecasting. Also, the predicted radar rainfall has a strength for short-lead time can be useful for flash flood forecasting. Therefore, using both hydrological models and radar rainfall forecasts can improve the accuracy of flash flood forecasts. In this study, FFG was applied to simulate some flash flood events in the Taehwa river basin by using of SURR model to consider soil moisture, and applied to the flash flood forecasting using predicted radar rainfall. The hydrometeorological data are gathered from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, radar rainfall is forecasted up to 6-hours has been used to forecast flash flood during heavy rain in August 2021, Wulsan area. The accuracy of the predicted rainfall is evaluated and the correlation between observed and predicted rainfall is analyzed for quantitative evaluation. The results show that with a short lead time (1-3hr) the result of forecast flash flood events was very close to collected information, but with a larger lead time big difference was observed. The results obtained from this study are expected to use for set up the emergency planning to prevent the damage of flash flood.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2021

Analysis and prediction of storm surges are very important because the global warming has raised sea levels and increased the frequency of massive typhoons, accelerating damage of coastal flooding. However, the data for storm surge prediction is lacking due to the short history of observation in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the previous surges and tsunamis based on the historical documents published during the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, we tried to evaluate the damage and spatial extent of such disasters, using the expressions about surge records including heights and number of administrative divisions. As a result, a total of 175 records of surges and tsunamis were compiled from 1392 to 1910: 145 events were extracted through the analysis of the ancient documents, and 30 events were from the previous research. Most of the strorm surges occurred along the west coast during summer season. More than half of the total surges were concentrated for 120 years from the mid 1600s to the mid 1700s, which was estimated to be highly relevant to the climate conditions in East Asia during the Little Ice Age. Hazardous areas by storm and tidal surges were also extracted, including Asan, Ganghwa, and Siheung during the Joseon Dyanisity period.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2024

In the event of an emergency such as facility shutdown during process operation, the by-product gas must be urgently discharged to the vent stack to prevent leakage, fire, and explosion. At this time, the explosion drop value of the released by-product gas is calculated using ISO 10156 formula, which is 27.7 vol%. Therefore, it does not correspond to flammable gas because it is less than 13% of the explosion drop value, which is the standard for flammable gas defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and since the explosion drop value is high, it can be seen that the risk of fire explosion is low even if it is discharged urgently with the vent stock. As a result of calculating the range of explosion hazard sites for hydrogen gas discharged to the Bent Stack according to KS C IEC 60079-10-1, 23 meters were calculated. Since hydrogen is lighter than air, electromechanical devices should not be installed within 23 meters of the upper portion of the Bent Stack, and if it is not possible, an explosion-proof electromechanical device suitable for type 1 of dangerous place should be installed. In addition, the height of the stack should be at least 5 meters so that the diffusion of by-product gas is facilitated in case of emergency discharge, and it should be installed so that there are no obstacles around it.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Urbanization in Korea has increased significantly and subsequently, various facilities have been concentrated in urban areas at high speed in accordance with a growing urban population. Accordingly, damages have occurred due to a variety of disasters. In particular, fire damage among the social disasters caused the most severe damage in urban areas along with traffic accidents. 44,432 cases of fire occurred in 2015 in Korea. Due to these accidents, 253 were killed and property damage of 4,50 billion won was generated. However, despite the efforts to reduce a variety of damage, fire danger still remains high. In this regard, this study collected fire data, generated from 2007 to 2014 through the Jinju Fire Department and the National Fire Data System(NFDS) and calculated fire risk by analyzing the clustering of fire cases and facilities in Jinju-si based on the current DB of facilities, offered by the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs. As a result, the risk ratings of fire occurrence were classified as four stages under the standards of the US Society of Fire Protection Engineers(SEPE). Business facilities, entertainment facilities, and automobile facilities were classified as the highest A grade, detached houses, Apartment houses, education facilities, sales facilities, accommodation, set of facilities, medical facilities, industrial facilities, and life service facilities were classified as U grade, and other facilities were classified as EU grade. Finally, hazardous production facilities were classified as BEU grade, the lowest grade. In addition, in the case of setting the standard with loss of life, the highest risk facility was the hazardous production facilities, while in the case of setting the standard with property damage, a set of facilities and industrial facilities showed the highest risk. In this regard, this study is expected to be effectively utilized to establish the fire reduction measures against facilities, distributed in urban space by calculating risk grades regarding the generation frequency, casualties, and property damage, through the classification of fire, occurred in the city, according to the facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.79-105
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• 2014

Natech risk is a type of complex disasters that natural hazards trigger technological disaster or industrial accidents. Research on Natech risk has been started from the mid-1990s in European countries and the Unites States, and drawn much more attention after the Fukushima nuclear accident caused by the 2011 East Japan earthquake. While early studies on Natech risk have focused on the causal natural hazards and possibility to occur, and the resulting spill of hazardous materials from the perspective of science and engineering, the recent research interests lie on effective Natech risk management. Especially, emphasizing the difference of Natech risk management from traditional disaster management, issues of uncertainty management, integration between natural disaster and technological disaster, and responsibility, has been drawn attention. In Korea, Natech risk has not been introduced as a research topic. Although some regulatory improvements have been made in nuclear safety and chemical Substance management after the Fukushima disaster, the potential impact of natural hazards in these areas has not been considered yet. It is necessary to raise the issues of Natech risk management in research and policy areas through active discussion and interdisciplinary approaches.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

Food contaminants are an emerging issue because food is highly influential to human health. Delphi survey was performed to establish the plan for effective management of food contaminants. Fifty experts from academia, research institute, government and food industries on food safety and policy participated in this study. From open-end questions 161 topics were collected and classified into five areas and 42 topics as the first round. The five areas were 'the integrated management system on food contaminants', 'safety management of food contaminants derived from environment', 'safety management of natural toxins contaminated on foods', 'safety management of hazardous substances produced during food processing' and 'construction of cooperative system and public relationship'. At the second round, after analyzing the replies (30/50 replied) the preliminary order was obtained and it was confirmed at the third round (24/30 replied). We suggest the order of priority for required research area of food contaminants considering the importance and urgency of the research.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-168
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• 2018

An amendment to Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act came into effect December 10, 2015. The Act prohibits flying drones over residential areas or areas surrounding an airport without permission from the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation. Flying drones during night time and during an event is also prohibited. The term "UAV" or "UA" means any aeroplane, rotorcraft, glider or airship which cannot accommodate any person on board and can be remotely or automatically piloted (Excluding those lighter than a certain weight (200 grams). Any person who intends to operate a UAV is required to follow the operational conditions listed below, unless approved by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; (i) Operation of UAVs in the daytime, (ii) Operation of UAVs within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS), (iii) Maintenance of a certain operating distance between UAVs and persons or properties on the ground/water surface, (iv) Do not operate UAVs over event sites where many people gather, (v) Do not transport hazardous materials such as explosives by UAV, (vi) Do not drop any objects from UAVs. Requirements stated in "Airspace in which Flights are Prohibited" and "Operational Limitations" are not applied to flights for search and rescue operations by public organizations in case of accidents and disasters. This paper analyzes some issues as to regulations of UAVs in Korean Aviation Safety Act by comparing the regulations of UAVs in Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act. This paper, also, offers some implications and suggestions for regulations of UAVs under Korean Aviation Safety Act.