• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2000

This work was designed to investigate the performances of broiler breeder hens upon the addition were vitamin and mineral supplements in feeds. Animals were divided into for feed groups such as control, T$_1$,T$_2$and T$_3$, and each treatment has four replications. All broiler breeder hens were housed individually, and were fed with identical iso-metaboilic energy and iso-protein, except for vitamins and minerals. Different sources and levels of vitamins and minerals were added to the basic feeds according to the treatments. At the end of the experiments, general laying rate(hen days), average egg weight, hatching egg laying rate(Hen day) every day. Hatching egg weight, sterility, embryo mortality, hatching rate and chick weight were examined. Although, early laying rate in all treatment groups were reduced during cold term management, general egg laying rate was increased only T$_3$group which was contanining vitamin C. However, similar results were obtained in the rates of general and hatching egg laying. General egg laying rate were somewhat higher of Control, T$_2$and T$_3$ groups than that of T$_1$group. In addition, the laying rates of general and hatching eggs slightly improved in the T$_3$group rather than those of Control group. Egg weight was reduced with the increasing of laying rate, showing the highest in the T$_3$group. The laying rate showed significantly lower value than those of any other groups. Egg weight was about 65g in T$_3$group. The results of hatching performance for production ability of Broiler breeder hens were fed experimental diet, although the rates of non-hatched and hatched eggs increased in order of Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups. However, the rate of embryo mortality was declined in order Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.6-9
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• 1978

잠 103$\times$잠 104 와 그 역교, 잠107$\times$잠108 및 그 역교를 공시하여 6개 업자의 잠종비중별 부화율 및 실용부화율 시험에서 얻은 결과는 1. 난비중을 세분하여 부화율 실용부화율을 보면 경비중에 비하여 중비중 및 중비중의 난이 부화율 및 실용부화율이 높았다. 2. 일모체는 중모체에 비하여 경비중 및 중비중난에서 부화률이 높았고 실용부화율은 경비중난에서만 높았다. 3. 중모체는 비중별 실용부화율 및 부화율의 차이가 컸으며 이에 비하여 일모체는 부화율에는 차이가 없으나 실용부화율에서 비중별 차이를 인정할 수 있었다. 4. 제조업자별 중비중난의 부화율 및 실용부화율의 차이는 없으나 경비중, 중비중난에서는 현저한 차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.53-68
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• 2004

Eggshell quality is one of the most important factors that influence hatchability. The porosity and overall quality of eggshell have a very significant effect on exchange of vital gas (carbon dioxide and oxygen) between the developing embryo and the air during incubation. Thin-shelled eggs showed the greater weight loss than do thick-shelled eggs. causing the chick to have difficulty in hatching. Thin-shelled eggs also have a much greater chance of being cracked during handling. On the other hand. thick-shelled eggs showed the higher hatchability as a result of greater fertility and lower intermediate and late embryonic mortalities. Even a small percentage improvement in the eggshell quality could result in significant saving to the breeder industry in an increasingly competitive environment. Many factors including nutrition. management practices, environmental conditions and breeding are known to be related to eggshell quality. In this review brief accounts of each factor associated with eggshell quality and hatchability were provided. We conducted three experiments to investigate the effects of dietary Ca. vitamin D3 metabolite and some bioactive materials on eggshell quality and hatching egg production. The results of our studies showed that relatively high levels of dietary Ca in combination with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol had beneficial effects on improving eggshell quality and reproductive performances in aged egg-type breeder hens. It was also suggested that the proper use of some feed additives such as isoflavon and chitosan might provide means of improving eggshell quality and reproductive performances in aged egg-type breeder hens.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 1996

한국산 rotifer, B. plicatilis, S-type를 대상으로 식물부유생물, 농축 Chlorella 및 효모류에 대한 내구란 생산과 먹이 종류에 따라 생산된 내구란의 부화율을 조사하였다. 4 종류(Chlorella ellipsoidea, Nannochloris oculata, Tetraselmis suecica, Pavlova lutheri) 가운데 N. oculata는 3,760개/20 ml로 가장 많은 내구란을 생산하였다. 그러나 식물부유생물 종류에 따른 부화율의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 9 종류의 농축먹이(유지효모, 빵효모, 두 종류의 해수산 농축 냉장 Chlorella, 해수산 냉동 Chlorella, 냉동 해수산 Chlorella ($70\%$)+ 빵효모($30\%$), 냉동 해수산 Chlorella ($30\%$)+ 빵효모($70\%$), 두 종류의 냉장 담수산 Chlorella)에서 내구란 생산이 가장 많은 먹이는 냉동 Chlorella($30\%$)+빵효모($70\%$)와 냉장 담수산 Chlorella에서 각각 283개/ml로 나타났다. Rotifer $10^4$개체와 건조 먹이 1 mg당 내구란 생산은 냉동 Chlorella ($30\%$)+빵효모($70\%$)에서 각각 5,566개와 2,131개로 가장 높게 나타났다. 농축 먹이에 따른 내구란의 부화율은 유지효모가 $67.4\%$로 가장 높았다. 본 연구의 결과, 경제적인 내구란 생산을 위하여 빵효모와 농축 냉동 Chlorella를 혼합하여 공급하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

본 실험은 대하의 효율적인 종묘생산을 위하여 수온과 염분에 따른 수정난의 부화율에 관한 실험으로서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대하수정난의 부화에 미치는 수온의 영향을 조사한 결과, $24^{\circ}C$에서 $95.5\%$의 가장 높은 부화율을 보였다. $20^{\circ}C$에서 $24^{\circ}C$까지는 수온이 올라갈수록 부화율은 높게 나타났으며, $26^{\circ}C$이상부터는 수온이 올라갈수록 부화율은 급격히 낮아져, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 전혀 부화가 되지 않았다. 염분의 영향을 조사한 결과, $31\%_{\circ}$에서 $95.5\%$의 가장 높은 부화율을 보였다. $20\%_{\circ}$, 부터 $31\%_{\circ}$까지는 염분이 상승할수록 부화율은 증가하였고, $33\%_{\circ}$, 부터는 염분이 상승할수록 부화율은 낮아져 $40\%_{\circ}$, 에서는 $25.5\%$%로 급격히 감소하였다. 수온 $24^{\circ}C$에서의 부화속도는 다른 수온구에서보다 가장 빨랐고 특히 염분 $31\%_{\circ}$의 실험구에서는 18시간 만에 $30.5\%$, 48시간만에 $95.5\%$가 부화되어 가장 빠른 부화속도를 보였다. 대하수정난의 부화를 위한 최적 수온은 비교적 협온성이라고 할수있다. 또 최적수온인 $24^{\circ}C$에서도 자연해수의 염분구 $(33\~35\%_{\circ})$보다 다소 낮은 $30\~31\%_{\circ}$,에서는 약 $20\%$정도 더 높은 부화율이 유도되었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 대하수정난 부화를 위한 최적염분 역시 협염성이며 특히 수온이 높을 때 염분이 부화율에 미치는 영향은 매우 민감하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1999

The toxic effect of TBTO on Chlorella and Rotifer was observed. The value of 48hr-LC50 for Chlorella (3.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/L) estimated to be almost 500 times as high as that for Rotifer (6.7ng/L). A fertilized egg of olive flounder exposed in an embryo-formation stage was mostly influenced by TBTO toxicity when the fertilized egg at each stage until hatching was exposed to TBTO at the concentrations of 5 to 200ng/L. The values of LT50 were estimated to be 68.0, 41.0, 21.0, 13.0, 7.7 and 4.7 hours at 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200ng/L of TBTO, respectively when the fertilized egg in a morula stage was exposed to TBTO, and the 48hr-LC50 was 8 ng/L. In case of TBTO treatment in an embryo-formation stage, the values of LT50 were 33.0, 12.5, 3.5, 1.3, 0.5 and 0.2 hours at 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200ng/L of TBTO, respectively, and the value of 48hr-LC50 was 4ng/L. The values of LT50 were estimated to be 17.0, 11.0, 6.2, 4.0, 2.6 and 1.7 hours at 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200ng/L of TBTO, respectively when the fertilized egg in a stage just before hatching was exposed to TBTO, and the 48hr-LC50 was below 1ng/L. The percentages of hatching were 46.2, 20.6, 21.9, 20.6 and 13.2% at 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500ng/L of TBTO, respectively when the fertilized egg in the stage just before hatching was exposed to TBTO and the measurement was done at second day after the completion of hatching. However no survival after the completion of hatching was found in all cases. With the treatment of 1, 5 and 10ng/L of TBTO, the percentages of hatching were 80.5, 70.0 and 44.1%, respectively. The percentages of survival until second day after the completion of hatching were 80.0, 63.3 and 9.1%, respectively. The percentages of hatching and survivability after the completion of hatching for the control were 84.5 and 82.5%, respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2020

This study was carried out to clarify the larvae and juveniles of egg development and autonomous development of Hemibarbus longirostris from Korea, and to obtain basic data for species conservation and seed production. The shape of the egg was circular and sticky. The average size of the eggs was 2.01 mm (n=10). At 185 hours after fertilization, more than 50% of the total embryos were hatched. The newly hatched larvae had an average total length of 8.10 mm (n=5) and had egg yolk in the abdomen. At 3 days after hatching, the larvae absorbed all egg yolk was average total length 8.64 mm. On the 6 days after hatching, the caudal tip of the notochord started to curve upwards was average total length 10.9 mm. At 70 days after hatching, the average total length 37.9 mm. The number of fins was i 8-10 in dorsal fin, iii 7 in the anal fin, and ii 5 in the ventral fin.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2000

담수산 rotifer, B. calycinoms를 대상으로 5 종류의 먹이 (ESP, 담수산 농축 Chlonlla, 빵효모 단독구와 $ESP 70{\%}와 담수산 농축 Chlorella 30{\%} 혼합구 및 빵효모 30{\%}와 담수산 농축 Chlorella 70{\%}$ 혼합구)에 대한 내구란 생산과 먹이종류에 따라 생산된 내구란의 부화율을 조사하였다. 먹이 종류에 따른 내구란 생산은 $ESP 70{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlorella 30{\%}$ 혼합구와 빵효모 30{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlorells 70{\%}$ 혼합구에서 각각 123.3 개/ml와 126.7 개/ml로 가장 높게 나타났고, 단독구보다 혼합구에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 먹이에 따른 내구란의 부화율은 $ESP 70{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlorella $30{\%}$ 혼합구에서 $71.9{\%}$로 가장 높았지만 빵효모 $30{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlonlla $70{\%}$ 혼합구 및 담수산 농축 Chlorella 단독구와는 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과, 담수산 rotifer의 내구란 생산 및 부화율을 높이기 위한 먹이로 담수산 농축 Chlorella에 빵효모와 ESP를 혼합하여 공급하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1975

염산 제조과정에서 생성될 가능성이 있는 협잡물이나 침산과정에서 혼합될 수 있는 혼합물이 침산방법에 의한 가잠의 인공부화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 조사한 결과 철, 수은, 연, 비색 등은 부화에 별다른 영향이 없었으나 아황산(SO$_3$)과 유리염소(Cl)는 대단히 유해한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 침산시 염산을 5$0^{\circ}C$로 가열하여 각종 유해 개스를 제거할 후 사용하는 것이 좋으며 보다 안전한 인공부과를 기하기 위해서는 여러가지 염산표준액을 만들어 예비침산을 행한 후 본침산을 하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2018

Controlling of microorganisms in the industrial process is important for production and distribution of hatching and table eggs. In the previous study, we reported that chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas of a proper concentration and humidity can significantly reduce the load of Salmonella spp. on eggshells. In this study, we compared microbial reduction efficacy on egg's surface using hatching eggs and table eggs, internal quality of table eggs, and hatchability after both the conventional method (washing and UV expose, fumigation with formalin) and $ClO_2$ gas disinfection. Application of 40 ppm $ClO_2$ gas to the table and hatching eggs, respectively, reduced the aerobic plate count (APC) with no statistical difference compared with the conventional methods. Additionally, we didn't observed that any significant difference in albumin height, Haugh unit (HU), and yolk color, this result confirms that 40 ppm $ClO_2$ had no effect on the internal quality of the table eggs, when comparing with the UV treatment method. The hatchability of hatching eggs was not statistical different between formaldehyde fumigation and 80 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treatment, though the value was decreased at high concentration of 160 ppm $ClO_2$ gas. From these results, we recommend that $ClO_2$ gas can be used as a safe disinfectant to effectively control egg surface microorganisms without affecting egg quality.