• 한국패류학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

The reproductive ecology of the purple shell, Rapana venosa was investigated by the histological observations on depositions of the egg capsules, and hatching of larvae in the laboratory and the subtidal zone of the vicinity of piung-do, Chollabud-do, west coast of korea, for one year from June 1992 to May 1993. The results are summarized as follows:1. Rapana venosa is dioecious in sex. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises of gonads could be classified into 4 stages in males and 5 stages in females: 1) growing stage(in female subdivided into 2 stages of early and late growing stage). 2)mature stage. 3)spent stage or copulationstage. 4)rdcovering stage. The early growing stage in females of the purple shell was in September through February, late gorwing stage was in October to March, mature stage was in September to January, mature stage was in September to July, copulation stage was in Februaty to June and recovering stage in April to October.3. Spawning occurred 3-4 times at intervals of 1-3 days, and completed within 10 days from the beginning of spawning during the spawning season of the year.4. From the results of laboratory and field observations, egg masses are composed of a number of egg capsules, egg masses are occurred from May to late August, and in mid August depositions of egg mass in composed of 90-113 egg capsules, fecundity in an egg capsule was ranged 984 to 1,241 eggs(average 1,096 egg). Therefore, fecundity in total egg capsules spawned per individual during the spawning season is estimated as approximately 320,000 to 450,000 egges.5. The incubation period during deposition of an egg capsule to hatching larvad tood 17 days at 18.3-20.4%C(water temperature)and 1.021 (specific gravity fo sea water).

• 환경생물
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2007

멸종위기에 처한 우리나라 고유 담수어인 꼬치동자개 Pseudobagrus brevicorpus의 증식 복원을 위한 연구의 일환으로 생태와 초기생활사에 대해 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 꼬치동자개는 특정 조건에 밀집되어 개체군을 형성하며 서식밀도는 1.25개체 $m^{-2}$이었고, 생산력은 200$\sim$250개 마리$^{-1}$ 낮아 멸종위기 상황을 시사하였다. 산란은 자연산란 유도 결과 수초에 산란하는 것으로 추정되며 부화한 치어는 군집생활을 한다. 수정난은 약 50시간만에 부화하였으며, 부화 3일 후 난황이 거의 흡수되었고, 부화 8일 후에는 올챙이형으로 군집하며, 30일경에 어미와 같은 형태를 보이는 치어기로 성장하였다. 이러한 산란 생태와 관련하여 멸종위기에 처한 꼬치동자개의 증식 복원과 보존을 위한 방안들을 고찰하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.917-926
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• 2022

The green turtle Chelonia mydas has been designated as an endangered species globally due to its reduced population. Although C. mydas is not known to reproduce on the shores of the Korean peninsula, it has been listed as a protected marine species in South Korea. This study describes the first successful captive breeding of C. mydas in a commercial aquarium in South Korea and provides information on the early growth patterns of C. mydas hatched and reared in indoor facilities. C. mydas YS-B003 laid a total of 594 eggs in ten nesting events in the period December 2016-June 2017. Of these, 115 fertilized eggs from six events hatched successfully. The size of the newly hatched turtles differed significantly among nesting events. The hatchlings from the 8^th and 9^th nesting events were relatively smaller than those from the 3^rd and 5^th events. The rate of growth initially varied across the different events, but from the 1,000^th day, the inter-group variation disappeared. The present study provides useful information for future captive breeding of sea turtles in indoor facilities, which would contribute to the protection of these endangered sea turtle species.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2009

Saunders' gulls (Laurs saundersi) which are listed as globally vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List are distributed in East Asia and breed mainly in China and Korea. Their population is estimated to be between 7,100 to 9,600. Songdo reclaimed lands in the western coast of South Korea are the main breeding sites for these species. However, most of these breeding sites have been seriously disturbed in the last several years because of new urban development constructions. This study was conducted to provide baseline data on the breeding ecology of Saunders' gulls. Since 1998, the breeding population has rapidly increased in South Korea, with the number of nests rising from 85 nests in 2000 to 185 nests in 2005. Egg volume is more variable than breadth or length. Clutch size, hatching and breeding success were $2.9{\pm}0.81$ (n=182, mean$\pm$sd.), 48.07% (75 hatched egg/156 eggs) and 29.08% (155 fledglings/533 eggs), respectively. Factors affecting breeding failure were predation, rainfall, starvation and supernormal clutches. These results are provided along with other cited literature to argue for conservation of Saunders' gulls.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2006년도 임시총회 및 학술논문발표회
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

We studied the behavior of black vultures breeding in Erdenesant, Mongolia through time budget observation. We observed a pair of black vulture for 115 days from April 30 to August 22, 2005, of which 15 days were before hatching and 100 days of brood rearing. The egg hatched on May $14^{th}$. Incubation was done by both a male and female vultures, but the period covered by the male vulture(56.82%) was longer than that by the female one(34.62%). In the early days of brood rearing, time spent by the female vulture at the nest took 54.9 % and it was 19.27% for the male. In the middle of brood rearing period, just inaction and preening were noticed, as they watched their chicks for a long time without sheltering chick under the parent's body. Late brood rearing period was characterized by less chick care and adults mostly stayed in the nest only when to feed the chicks. During breeding time, both the male and the female vulture fed only the chicks and did not give food to each other. During rearing period, the male vulture fed the chick more often than female.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2012

This study was conducted from April 2012 to June 2012 to analyze breeding status of Black woodpeckers (Dryocopus martius) in the Gayasan National Park. Nest height, tree diameter which a nest built and altitude at the nest site of Black woodpeckers were 17.4 m, 63.8 cm and 587 m, respectively. A pair of Black woodpeckers completed a clutch in 4 eggs on 7 May and 3 of eggs hatched on 24 May 2012. Both female and male incubated eggs and never left eggs without one of parents. A male more contributed to build a nest than a female. Incubation duration was higher in a male than in a female. Nestlings made a begging call in a nest during the growing period. Begging frequency of nestlings increased from 11 days up to 20 days after hatching. After then, nestlings reduced begging and fledged a nest 24 days after hatching. This study provided information of breeding ecology to protect and manage population of Black woodpeckers which are endangered species in South Korea.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권4호통권96호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2001

왜몰개, Aphyocypris chinensis의 산란에 미치는 수온의 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 19, 22, 25, $28{\circ}^C$ 수온에서 2개월 동안 사육을 하면서 산란횟수, 생산된 총 수정란 수, 산란간격 및 부화율 등을 조사하였다. $19{\circ}^C$와 $25{\circ}^C$사이에서는 수온이 증가하면 할수록 산란횟수, 생산된 총 수정란 수 및 수정란의 부화율이 증가하여 $25{\circ}^C$에 노출된 암컷과 수컷에서 가장 많은 산란횟수, 난 생산 및 부화성공률과 가장 짧은 산란간격을 나타냈다. 그러나 $28{\circ}^C$에서는 $25{\circ}^C$보다 수온이 증가했음에도 오히려 4개의 실험수온 중에서 가장 적은 산란횟수, 난 생산 및 부화율과 가장 긴 산란간격을 나타냈다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2008

멸종위기 야생동식물이면서 천연기념물인 담수어류 미호종개의 난발생 과정 및 초기 생활사를 연구하였다. 성숙란은 인간 성선 자극호르몬(HCG) 10 IU $g^{-1}$을 주사하여 얻었으며, 습식번으로 수정하였다 수정란은 원형으로 투명한 황색을 띈 침성 점착란이었으며, 수정란의 직경은 $1.1\sim1.3mm$로 유구는 존재하지 않았다. 부화는 수온 평균 $25^{\circ}$에서 수정 후 24시간을 전후하여 시작하였다. 부화 직후 자어는 전각이 $2.5\sim2.7mm$ (평균 2.8 mm)로 입과 항문은 닫혀있었다. 부화 후 6일째 자어는 전장이 $4.7\sim5.4mm$(평균 5.1mm)로 꼬리 끝부분 척색이 $45^{\circ}$로 완전하게 굽어 후기 자어로 이행하였다. 부화 후 35일째 개체의 전장은 $20\sim22mm$ (평균 21.8 mm)로 모든 지느러미 가시와 줄기가 정수에 달하여 치어 단계로 이행하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 부유토사로 인한 탁도 증가가 어류에게 미치는 영향에 대해 실험실 모의실험을 수행하였다. 국내 강 또는 호소에서 출현 비율이 높은 붕어, 잉어, 송사리를 대상으로 수정란 부화율 평가를 수행한 결과 붕어, 잉어는 4,040 NTU 수준까지 수정란 부화에 미치는 영향이 없었지만, 송사리는 254 NTU 이상의 구간에서 부화율이 저해되는 영향을 보였다. 붕어, 잉어, 송사리 치어의 4일간 노출 결과 생존에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 반면 성장률 결과에서 잉어와 붕어는 7일, 14일, 21일 모두 143 NTU 구간부터 성장저해 영향을 보였다. 송사리는 14일 노출 시 254 NTU, 21일간 노출 시 501 NTU 구간부터 성장저해 영향을 보였다. 따라서 강 또는 호소에서 143 NTU 이상의 탁도가 발생할 경우 붕어, 잉어의 성장을 저해시킬 수 있고, 250 NTU 이상의 탁도는 송사리와 같이 민감 어종의 부화율이 저해될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

The present study describes the spawning ecology and early morphological development of Hemitripterus villosus. The natural spawning ground consisted of bedrock and pebbles was the intertidal coast at Taean (Chungnam) and its depth was about 5~10 m. Spawning period was mainly from the end of October to December, when the water temperature and salinity were $6.0{\sim}15.8^{\circ}C$ and mean 32.0‰, respectively. There were no difference of the body shape and color between female and male of Hemitripterus villosus, however its reproductive organs showed clear differences. The male had tube shaped genital papilla, which was connected with testis, and the female had seminal recepacle, which was the lower part of oviduct connected with ovary. Genital papilla of male came out of its body at spawning period and then male copulated. After copulation, female stored the sperm in its seminal recepacle and fertilized when it spawned. Fertilized eggs were reached 8 cells stage after fertilization at rearing water temperature $8.2{\sim}14.9^{\circ}C$. At 29 hours after fertilization, it reached morula stage, and at 146 hours after fertilization, its embryo was clearly formated. Hatching was begun from 1,488 hours (62 days) after fertilization with $8.2{\sim}14.9^{\circ}C$ water temperature. The newly hatched larvae were 12.99~15.46mm(mean $14.16{\pm}0.65$ mm) in TL (Total Length), and its mouth and anus were open. At 7 days after hatching, its yolk sac was completely absorbed and the myotomes were 15+25=40, measuring 15.23~15.54mm(mean $15.39{\pm}0.22$ mm, n=5) in TL. At 75~80 days after hatching, it was measured mean $30.06{\pm}0.76$ mm in TL, and it had reached the juvenile stage with the complete set of fin rays.