• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.298-305
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• 1989

This study was carried out to understand the immigration period, climatic conditions for mass immigration and bionomical characters ofthe brown pLanthopper(BPH) in Hae NamThe results are as follows ; (1) The Periods of first immigraion and mass immigration of BPH , were from the late June to early JuLy and from earlyto mid JuLy in HaeNam, that were faster about 15-30days than in inland of ChonnanThe climatic factors that related closely to mass immigration wereas follows ; temp.: $20{\;}~{\;}25^{\circ}C$, humidity : 86 ~ 95 % , wind direcion : SW, wind velocity: 1.0 ~ 2.9gm/sec. (2)The population of immigranted BPH was in the field much more overthe mountain near coast than other places . Biotype composition showed that biotype I was on the decrease and biotype II, III were on the increase (3)The bionomical characters were variable, for climatic conditions,that egg stage, nymphal stage and adult stafe of immigranted BPHwere 9-12days, 13-16days and 12-36days respectively, that hatchability(%) and emergence rate ( % ) were higher than 80%. The adult Longevity in female and macropterous BPH showed Longerthan that of male and brachypterous respectively. (4) The distance of nymphs and brachypterous adults move by walking was within 16cm over the water surface, by hopping was within 20cm horizontally.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2013

Ricania sp. lay eggs into the new twigs of blueberry and suck nutrients causing growth retardation and a sooty mold symptom. This study was conducted to investigate the emergence success and developmental period of overwintered eggs of Ricania sp. under the seven constant temperatures from 10 to $34^{\circ}C$ by $4^{\circ}C$ intervals (14L:10D). We also monitored the emergence time of the Ricania sp. nymph at blueberry by 3 ~ 4 day interval using a modified leaf clip cage. Development times from the overwintered egg to $1^{st}$ nymph were 107.1, 54.5, 33.9, 25.3, 25.1 and 16.7 days and the emergence successes were 23.1, 30.8, 13.8, 21.7, 11.9, and 0.6% at 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 and $34^{\circ}C$, respectively except at $10^{\circ}C$. The developmental periods were decreased with increasing temperatures. First emergence date of the nymphs in the field was between 19 and 22 May, and the average emergence success was 19.6%. The present study might be helpful to establish the management strategy of Ricania sp. based on the biological characteristic.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 1973

This experiment has been carried out to establish the most effective rearing method of rice stemborer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) on artificial diets under the aseptic condition. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Semi·synthetic diet was giving better results in the weight of matured larvae (96.4mg), emerging rate$(96.7\%)$ and number of egg masses (2.6) than other diets studied. 2. Number of egg masses and hatching rate were significantly increased on the semi-synthetic diet and chemically defned diet, and it may be due to the choline chloride in the diets, 3. Rice seedling was used as a convenient food material. However, it requires more labours and causes more damages of larvae in replacement of fresh seedlings. 4. A different result in larval weight and pupation rate was observed between simplified diet no. 1 and diet added with chlorella. 5. Simplified diet resulted in low hatchability in the second generation, which may be due to the mulnutrition of the diet for adults. 6. The pupation rate was significantly decreased by infection of microorganisms on matured larvae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2008

Toxicity of 10 registered insecticides and 6 fertilizers were tested against $3^{rd}$ larva and adults of Korean firefly, Luciola lateralis Motschulsky(Coleoptera: Lampyridae). All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of each inescticides by producer. MEP, PAP, Acephate, Fenthion, and Diazinon, which were organophates, a mixtures combined with Burofezin fenobucarb, Cartap buprofezin, and Thiamethoxam(Neonicotinoids), Fipronil(Phenylpyrazoles) showed more 80.0% mortality on larva and adults of L. lateralis. However, tebufenozide(I.G.R) showed low mortality of 33.3%. $LC_{50}$ (ppm) value of Assit, Cartap buprofezin, Fenthion and PAP were showed 1.03 ppm, 1.90 ppm, 10.26 ppm, 0.98 ppm, respectively, against $3^{rd}$ larva of L. lateralis. Effects against eggs showed very high toxicity. Otherwise, tebufenozide(I.G.R) was showed hatchability of 100%. Toxicity of Urea fertilizer, Ammonium sulfate, Potassium chloride, Fused phosphate, Complex fertilizer and Silicate fertilizer were showed the mortality with 27.3%, 56.7%, 73.3%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively, when exposed 72 hrs after treatment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2003

Biological characteristics of the almond moth, Cadra cautella, of which eggs will be substitute diets for Orius spp. and Trichogramma spp., were investigated and a mass-rearing system for the moth was developed. At 25$^{\circ}C$, egg, larval, and pupal period was 4.2, 29.8 and 8.3 days, respectively, and adult longevity was 5.8 days for female and 4.8 days for male. Total number of eggs at 20, 25 and 30$^{\circ}C$ was 128.9,207.9 and 139.9, respectively. The moth could be successfully reared with all food substrates tested, of which rice bran (50%)+chick feed (50%) assumed to be proper for massrearing in view of cost. Eggs could be stocked at 9 C for 7 days, representing 82% hatchability. In the rearing cage (16${\times}$24${\times}$9cm) used, 1,000 eggs was better for initial level of inoculation, showing relatively high emergence rate and adult weight. Mass-rearing procedures were explained in detail.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.828-833
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• 2017

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different methionine (Met) sources on production performance, reproduction performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices in broiler breeders. Methods: After receiving a basal diet (containing 0.25% Met) for a 2-wk pretreatment period, a total of 360 39-wk-old Lingnan yellow broiler breeders were randomly allocated to four treatments with six replicates each (15 birds per replicate). Breeders were fed with basal diets (control) or diets supplemented with DL-methionine (DLM), DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butytric calcium (MHA-Ca) and coated DL-Met (CME) respectively. Results: The results showed that CME supplementation promoted laying rate and decreased feed-to-egg ratio (F/E) (p<0.05), DLM and MHA-Ca supplementation decreased F/E (p<0.05) when compared with control group. The rate of fertility, hatchability and birthrate were higher (p<0.05) in DLM, MHA-Ca, and CME groups than control group. Compared with control group, CME increased the eggshell thickness (p<0.05); MHA-Ca improved the eggshell thickness, shell ratio and eggshell strength (p<0.05). Results also showed that CME elevated the concentration of total protein in serum (p<0.05); MHA-Ca improved the concentration of calcium in serum (p<0.05). The concentration of serum uric acid in DLM, MHA-Ca, and CME groups was lower than that in control group (p<0.05). Besides, CME had higher concentrations of serum taurine, cysteine and cystanthionine (p<0.05) while MHA-Ca and DLM promoted the serum taurine concentration (p<0.05) compared with control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was concluded that Met supplementation could enhance the production and reproduction performance as well as the antioxidant status and egg quality of broiler breeders. In terms of improving the production performance, reproduction performance and antioxidant performance, CME was superior to DLM and MHA-Ca; but in regard to the enhancement of eggshell quality and serum Ca concentration, MHA-Ca was superior to DLM and CME.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the appearance time of the second polar body for producing Gynogenesis or Triploid which could be obtained by arresting the second polar body by cold shock, and then blastoderm was used to measure fertility that revealed the nature of oogenesis, the effects of water temperature on fertility, hatchability, abnormality, viability and growth rate, and the water temperature and the breeding methods to prevent early death of larvae in Korean loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) ; the results obtained in this study were summarized as follows. The second polar body was observed ont he surface of plasma disc close to micropyle within 10~40 min after fertilization at 29$^{\circ}C$. Artificial inseminatin had to be done immediately after the egg spawning because the spermatozoa of loach their mobility within 2 minutes when they were exposed to water. The amount of time needed to reach at blastoderm stage was 12 hours if fertilized eggs were incubated at 16$^{\circ}C$, 8 hours at 19$^{\circ}C$, 6 hours at 21$^{\circ}C$, 5 hours at 23$^{\circ}C$, 4 hours at 26$^{\circ}C$ and 3 hours 30 min at 29$^{\circ}C$ showing the shorter time for development of eggs at higher temperature. Fertilization rates in water temperatures of 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$, and 26$^{\circ}C$ were higher than those of water temperatures, 16$^{\circ}C$ and 29$^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures at 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, and 23$^{\circ}C$ showed higher hatching rates that those of 16$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, and 29$^{\circ}C$, while abnormal rates in 16$^{\circ}C$, 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$ and 23$^{\circ}C$ were lower than that of 26$^{\circ}C$ and 29$^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures at 16$^{\circ}C$, 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$ and 26$^{\circ}C$ respectively, were more different than 29$^{\circ}C$ in survival rates. The embryos were hatched at 72 hours after fertilization in 16$^{\circ}C$ water temperature, 48 hours in 19$^{\circ}C$, 40 hours in 21$^{\circ}C$, 32 hours in 23$^{\circ}C$, 25 hours in 26$^{\circ}C$, and 16 hours in 29$^{\circ}C$. Within three days after hatched out, the larvage grew 3mm in total length, the yolk granules were entirely consumed and the head and the trunk became thicker. Within 45 days after hatched out, the larva grew 25mm at 29$^{\circ}C$, 21mm at 26$^{\circ}C$, 16mm at 23$^{\circ}C$, 15mm at 21$^{\circ}C$, 12mm at 16$^{\circ}C$ in a 30 litreglass aquarium.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2010

This work was conducted to evaluate the hatching and growing performance of Korean native chicken (KNC) 3 strains crossbred. A total of 360 female pullets were produced from $\times$ (A), CL $\times$ C (B), CG $\times$ C (C) and CW $\times$ C (D) crossbred kept in National Institute of Animal Science, Korea. Hatchability of A, B, C and D were 69.8, 70.7, 75.5 and 77.4%, respectively. Livability were not significantly different by 20 weeks among 4 strains. Body weight B was high compared to other strains at 20 weeks. The feed conversion ratio of 4 strains was no significantly different among strains at 20 weeks. These results suggested the basic data that needed to develope the new strains.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2013

A new silkworm variety "WhangBoJam" for spring rearing season is F1 hybrid between Jam317, a japanese strain bred from introduction breeding and Jam318, a chinese strain from introduction breeding. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in spring of 2012, the hatchability rate of WhangBoJam was recorded 95% similar to Kum HwangJam. The larval period was 8hours more long than KumHwangJam. The pupation percentage was recorded 6.6% higher than KumHwangJam. Single cocoon weight was recorded 2.29 g similar to KumHwangJam and cocoon yield(21.3 kg) was higher than KumHwangJam. The concentration of DNJ was measured to 0.22% in WhangBoJam, lower than DaePoongJam(0.26%). In the Paecilomyces tenuipes production ability test, the pupal weight of Whang BoJam was 1.33 g/individual, higher than KumHwangJam (1.19 g/individual).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

The seasonal fluctuation of the large 28-spotted lady beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky), was observed in potato fields of Gangneung region, Gangwondo Province. The effects of their leaf consumption over a 24 hour period and developmental periods by different temperatures were investigated, and then the developmental threshold (DT) and effective cumulative temperature (ET) of each stage were calculated. Various developmental stages of H. vigintioctomaculata were captured in the fields from May to September, with three peaks in late May, late June, and late August. Leaf consumption by larval stages increased with the development of instar. The 4th instar larvae consumed potato leaves much more than other stages. Egg hatchability and emergence rate of H. vigintioctomaculata were lower at $10^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, but higher at around $20{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. The developmental periods of each stage became shorter as temperature increased; 90 days at $10^{\circ}C$, 40 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and 25 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Base on developmental velocity to temperature, calculated DT and ET were $7.3^{\circ}C$ and 83.