• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.489-497
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• 2000

Since Chinese cabbages weigh 3 to 5kgf and are big in size at the time of harvest, handling operations such as harvesting, loading and unloading including transportation require the highest labor demand among all other cultivation processes. Recently, though several cabbage harvesters were developed in Japan and Europe, those harvesters were not suitable for Chinese cabbages cultivated in Korea because of the size and shape. The cabbage harvester is almost meaningless without any proper cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism. Most harvesters developed so far adopted a sort of slide and free falling way in collecting cabbages into the pallet. Three or four labors are usually required for cleaning incoming cabbages and loading those in the pallet. Because of the required time for piling cabbages without severe damage and the required space capacity to carry empty and loaded pallets, harvesting speed should be adjusted in accordance with time required for consecutive operations. Up to now, any automatic or semi-automatic collecting device has not been developed in the world to pile cabbages on the layer one by one into the pallet in the ordered way with little damage and to unload pallet from the harvester continuously during the harvest process. To compromise system expenses and function, Semi-automatic cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism was devised and it required one labor. The foldable mesh pallet with a size of 1050mm x 1050mm x 1000mm and holding capacity of around 70 cabbages was utilized. The prototype for piling and unloading mechanism was composed of three parts such as feeding device, automatic piling device with retractable bellows, and pallet unloading device. Prior to developing the prototype, the geometric properties and the amount of the damage of the cabbage caused during the piling operation were investigated. Considering the height of the pallet, a series of cabbage carrying plates were mounted to the bracket chain to lift and to carry cabbages to the loading device. Indoor laboratory experiments showed that the cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked successfully. Considering the conveying speed 0.46m/sec of the pull up belt from the cabbages on the ground, the speed of cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked property in the range of 0.26m/sec to 0.36m/sec. The system allowed the operator to modify the position of cabbage slightly. Overall system worked successfully resulting into almost same capacity without severe damage to the cabbage as human did.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2005년도 국제학술회의
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• pp.57-74
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• 2005

Rice yield and protein content have been shown to be highly variable across paddy fields. In order to characterize this spatial variability of rice within a field, the two-year experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in a large-scale rice field of $6,600m^2$ In year 2004, an experiment was conducted to know if prescribed N for site-specific fertilizer management at panicle initiation stage (VRT) could reduce spatial variation in yield and protein content of rice while increasing yield compared to conventional uniform N topdressing (UN, ,33 kg N/ha at PIS) method. The trial field was subdivided into two parts and each part was subjected to UN and VRT treatment. Each part was schematically divided in $10\times10m$ grids for growth and yield measurement or VRT treatment. VRT nitrogen prescription for each grid was calculated based on the nitrogen (N) uptake (from panicle initiation to harvest) required for target rice protein content of $6.8\%$, natural soil N supply, and recovery of top-dressed N fertilizer. The required N uptake for target rice protein content was calculated from the equations to predict rice yield and protein content from plant growth parameters at panicle initiation stage (PIS) and N uptake from PIS to harvest. This model equations were developed from the data obtained from the previous two-year experiments. The plant growth parameters for this calculation were predicted non-destructively by canopy reflectance measurement. Soil N supply for each grid was obtained from the experiment of year 2003, and N recovery was assumed to be $60\%$ according to the previous reports. The prescribed VRT N ranged from 0 to 110kg N/ha with average of 57kg/ha that was higher than 33kg/ha of UN. The results showed that VRT application successfully worked not only to reduce spatial variability of rice yield and protein content but also to increase rough rice yield by 960kg/ha. The coefficient of variation (CV) for rice yield and protein content was reduced significantly to $8.1\%\;and\;7.1\%$ in VRT from $14.6\%\;and\;13.0\%$ in UN, respectively. And also the average protein content of milled rice in VRT showed very similar value of target protein content of $6.8\%$. Although N use efficiency of VRT compared to UN was not quantified due to lack of no N control treatment, the procedure used in this paper for VRT estimation was believed to be reliable and promising method for managing within-field spatial variability of yield and protein content. The method should be received further study before it could be practically used for site-specific crop management in large-scale rice field.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2000

벼의 방사성 핵종 직접오염 경로를 분석하기 위하여 동위원소 실험온실내에서 $^{54}Mn,\;^{57}Co,\;^{85}Sr,\;^{134}Cs$의 혼합용액을 벼의 생육중 여섯 차례에 걸쳐 작물체 지상부에 처리하였다. 작물체 차단계수는 핵종 간에 차이가 없었고 처리시기가 수확기에 가까울수록 증가하여 최고 약 0.94에 달리하였다. 작물계에 침적한 각 핵종의 수확시 잔류율은 방사능 붕괴가 없다고 가정할 예 처리시기에 따라 각각 $19{\sim}47%,\;17{\sim}43%,\;19{\sim}42%,\;23{\sim}61%,\;11{\sim}69%$였다. 종실 전류계수는 처리시기에 따라 각각 $6.9{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}3.8{\times}10^{-2},\;3.6{\times}10^{-3},\;1.6{\times}10^{-1}{\sim}5.8{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}3.2{\times}10^{-2},\;1.6{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}7.6{\times}10^{-5},\;3.2{\sim}10^{-2}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-1}$의 범위였고 모두 종실의 발육성기 처리시 가장 높았다. 강우 빈도의 차이가 2배 이내일 때는 강우빈도가 잔류율과 전류계수에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 벼의 생육중 사고침적시 쌀알 내 핵종농도 예측에 활용될 수 있다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2002

약용식물의 생산량을 증가시키고 지상부 꽃은 관상용으로 활용할 수 있는 연구의 일환으로 목단 줄기에 작약 뿌리를 접목시켜 생육생태를 관찰하고 유효지표성분외에 무기성분, 지방산, 유기산등 성분변화 및 향미 관능검사등을 비교한 결과 생육생태를 볼 때 지상부는 목단줄기에 목단꽃이 피었으며 지하부 뿌리는 작약뿌리와 목단뿌리가 혼재하여 생성되었으며, 작약뿌리와 목단뿌리의 혼재비율은 약 3:1정도로 나타났다. paeoniflorin및 paeonol 분석결과 건조시킨 작약근의 함량은 대건물 시료(g)중 9.91 mg/g및 0.80 mg/g,접목 작약근은 11.71 mg/g 및 0.35 mg/g, 목단피는 10.81 mg/g 및 2.84 mg/g, 접목 목단피는11.26 mg/g 및 3.28 mg/g으로 유사한 경향이었다. 무기성분별 10종 함량은 대체로 유사한 경향이었으나 Fe함량은 시료별로 차이가 있었으며 작약근은 86.06 mg/g, 접목 작약근 127.36 mg/g, 목단피 75.05 mg/g, 접목 목단피는 140.63 mg/g으로 함량 차이가 현저하였다. 지방산은 linoleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid 및 oleic acid등이 주성분으로 총 11종을, 유기산은 oxalic acid, citric acid 및 malic acid등이 주성분으로 총 6종을 각각 분석하였으나 함량 조성은 대체로 유사한 경향이었다. 한편, 향미 관능평가 결과 작약근과 접목 작약근은 대체로 유사한 향미 패턴을 나타내었으나, 작약근은 작약근 향미 및 떫은맛이 다소 강하였으며, 목단피와 접목 목단피도 거의 유사한 향미를 나타내었으나, 목단피가 목단피 향미, 쓴 맛, 화한 맛 및 떫은 맛이 다소 강하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2010

본 연구는 시설재배 피망에서 발생하는 담배거세미나방의 가해에 따른 피해양상을 규명하고 밀도와 피해관계를 해석에 합리적인 해충관리의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행되었다. 잎에 대한 섭식량은 유충발육 진전에 따라 크게 증가하였다. 피해를 받은 잎은 원형 또는 타원형의 구멍이 뚫리거나 부분적으로 소실되었고, 과실은 다소 큰 구멍이 과실 표면에 뚫리거나 꽃받침 주위에 지저분한 식흔들이 있었다. 2008년 자연발생 포장에서 피해과율은 최고 3.5%에 달했고, 포장내 유충밀도와 높은 상관을 보였다. 망사케이지 접종시험에서 유충 접종수준이 높을수록 비상품과율이 증가하였고 수확 2주전 담배거세미나방 유충밀도와 수확된 과질에서 피해과 비율간에는 높은 상관관계가 있었다. 피해과율 1, 3, 5%를 유발히는 담배거세미나방 2령 유충밀도는 각각 0.2. 0.5, 0.8마리/주에 달했다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2014

Samples of Clitoria ternatea L. (Cunh$\tilde{a}$) were harvested at 35, 50, 70, and 90 d after a uniformity harvest in a field study designed as a completely randomized design with a total of 18 experimental plots. The dry matter yield of the whole plant was separated quantitatively into leaves, stems, and pods at each harvesting age. Chemical analyses and in vitro gas production kinetics were performed to assess the quality of the plant parts. Yields, chemical composition, and estimates of gas production parameters were analyzed by fitting a mixed statistical model with two types of covariance structures as follows: variance components and an unrestricted structure with heterogeneous variances. Fast and slow gas yielding pools were detected for both leaves and stems, but only a single pool was detected for pods. The homoscedasticity assumption was more likely for all variables, except for some parameters of the gas production kinetics of leaves and stems. There was no presence of typical pods at 35 and 50 d. In the leaves, the fibrous fractions were affected, whereas the non-fibrous fractions were unaffected by the harvesting age. The harvesting age affected the majority of the chemical constituents and gas kinetic parameters related to the stems. The leaves of this legume were the least affected part by the aging process.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1990

달팽이류등 연체동물을 방제하기 위하여 배추에 사용한 metaldehyde 입제(6%)를 0.3kg AI/10a 수준으로 처리한 후 잎과 뿌리에 이행한 metaldehyde의 잔류량을 측정하였다. 처리는 관행, 수확전 7, 15, 30일로 하였다. 잎은 안쪽부분과 바깥쪽부분으로 나누어 분석 하였으며 뿌리에 대한 잔류량도 아울러 실시 하였다. 본 실험에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배추내에 존재하고 있는 free acetaldehyde의 양은 0.04-0.18ppm 이었다. 2. 배추잎과 뿌리에 대한 metaldehyde의 잔류량은 처리횟수가 증가할 수록 그리고 수확전 처리일수가 짧을 수록 증가함을 보여 주었다. 3. 잎에서의 metaldehyde 잔류범위는 0.11-1.4ppm 이었다. 4. 배추잎을 두부분으로 나누어서 분석한 결과, 바깥쪽부분(outer part) 보다는 안쪽부분(innerpart)에서 0.01-0.6ppm 정도로 잔류량이 다소 많았다. 5. 뿌리의 metaldehyde 잔류범위는 0.04-0.63ppm이었으며, 잎에 비해서는 낮은 경향이었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2005

Extensive and complicated defects on the body call for an omnipotent tool for a perfect reconstruction. Flaps derived from the omentum has many advantages over the conventional flaps. From 1999 to 2004, Omental flaps were applied for various soft tissue reconstructions. Among total 20 total 7 cases were for immediate reconstruction, 2 cases for chronic infection, 3 cases for simultaneous reconstruction of two defects, 4 cases for functional joint reconstruction and 4 cases were for flow- through revascularization. Among these cases, 3 cases were operated with minimal incision harvest technique. There were no complete flap failures, partial necrosis of the distal parts were noted on three cases. The omental flap is indicated on a large contaminated defect reconstruction due to its large size, well-vascularized, and malleable properties. The omental flap provides several additional advantages over other flaps, which are; the availability of the one staged simultaneous reconstruction of two defects with one flap, providing gliding function for the joint motion, and a flow-through characteristics with long vascular pedicle. But there are some serious shortcomings, including a long abdominal scar and intraabdominal problems. However, these are rare and can be minimized with our minimal incision technique. Due to its unique characteristics. the omentum is one of the ideal tissues for the reconstruction of the complicated soft tissue defects due to its unique characteristics.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.357-357
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• 2017

The combined application of oil cake and rice bran into the soil surface was found useful for weed control in our previous pot study. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) while incorporated in the paddy field and effects of combined fertilizer on weed control and rice yield. A plot was divided into two parts i.e. white clover incorporated and not incorporated. The nitrogen content of the incorporated white clover was $12.5gm^{-2}$. Chemical fertilizer and combined fertilizer plots were compared with non-fertilizer conditions. The mixed ratio of combined fertilizer was oil cake 1.35 and rice bran 1.0. Combined fertilizer was applied to the soil surface, and chemical fertilizer was mixed in the soil. Nitrogen application rate was $8gm^{-2}$ for any fertilizer. The weed numbers were significantly reduced in the white clover plot irrespective of application condition both at heading and harvest time. Also, weed control ability was improved by the use of combined fertilizer. In the not incorporated plot, the number of weeds was suppressed about 90% by applying combined fertilizer. The rice yield was markedly increased by the incorporation with white clover under all fertilization conditions. Contribution rates of increased rice yield by white clover and combined fertilizer were about 55% and about 25%, respectively. The rice yield was increased by the incorporation with white clover, and the number of weeds remarkably decreased as well. Also, these effects were improved due to combined application of oil cake and rice bran.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1987

These experiments were conducted at the upland of Livestock Farm, Seoul National University, Suweon to determine the growth characteristics, winter-hardiness and forage yield of selected southern and northern-types of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) in comparison with the Korean native rye over two seasons, 1977-78 and 1980-8 1. During the 1977-78 season, most southern-type rye varieties except Explorer and Abruzzi headed 2 to 6 days earlier than the Korean native rye and 6 to 10 days earlier than northerntype rye varieties Rymin and Puma, while in 1980-81 southern-type rye varieties headed 5 to 7 days earlier than the Korean native rye, therefore, the Korean native rye seemed to be medium in maturity. There were no significant differences in winter-hardiness among different rye varieties with the exception of the lowest winter survivals of Wintergrazer 70, Explorer and triticale, and Gator, Explorer and Florida Black during the 1977-78 and 1980-8 1 seasons, respectively. Southern-type rye varieties tended to yield more forage than northern-type and the Korean native rye varieties when harvest was made in the later part of April. During 1977-78 season, Vita-Graze, Elbon and Athens Abruzzi rye varieties produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye, but in 1980-81 Wrens Abruzzi rye produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye. Based on the results of the two seasons, southern-type rye varieties,Vita-Graze, Athens Abruzzi, Elbon and Wrens Abruzzi could be recommended as a source of green forage for livestock in April in middle-northern parts of Korea.