• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 1989

Adhatoda vasica Nees is a shrubby component of tropical and subtropical vegetation in Pakistan. t harbours relatively few unhealthy associated species in and around its thickets. Aqueous extracts, rain leachates, litter from shoots and soil underneath it invariably reduced germination, early growth, biomass, moisture and chlorophyll contents of Pennisetum americanum, Setaria italica, Zea mays, Brassica campestris and Triticum vulgare in different laboratory expreiments. chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of caffeic, ferulic, vanillic, p-coumaric, p-OH-benzoic, and tannic acids in aqueous extracts. The phytotoxicity was related to the test species used, part assayed and parameter measured. It is suggested that the preclusion of the associated species and the dominance of A. vasica is primarily due to allelopathy. Negative grazing also provides better chances for its establishment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Recently, studies of integrated management platform and performance-based maintenance decision-marking systems have proceeded to the efficient management of port facilities. The purpose of this study was to manage and operate port facilities based on performance and to provide long-term durability and budgetary execution. Thus, it is essential to secure basic data to be analyzed in an integrated platform and decision-marking system. This study derived the data linkage measures to secure port facility design and management information. The target of deriving the data linkage was the POMS (Port Facility Management System) currently in operation by the MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries). To derive data linkage, analyze the database of POMS and select the data required for the operation-integrated platform and decision-marking system. The final data linkage target was determined by compiling the requirements of the relevant experts and selecting the final target of three groups (port and facility information, management information, and user information). As a result, the API interface design was prepared for detailed linked data and data linkage framework between the linkage data of POMS. The provision of real-time data linkage between POMS and integrated platform is expected to improve the operational efficiency of the integrated platform.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.671-676
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• 2014

Based on the data of PSC information management system of MOF(Ministry of oceans and fisheries) and APCIS(Asia-Pacific Computerized Information System) of Tokyo-MOU information system, the result of the evaluation on the reality of PSC was done, and base on 2009, it showed a trend of decrease in every DFR(Deficiency Rate) and DTR(Detention Rate). But for vessels built for more than 30 years, flags of convenience vessels, RO-RO ferry and general cargo vessel, small size vessels with gross tonnage less than 1,000 ton showed a high DFR and DTR. Each harbours is classified by the total harbours' average DFR which was 82.5 % and the average DTR was 5.1 %, excluding the Jeju harbour, showing a hugh deviation for classification of each harbour. Classification of each harbour has to be inspected by PSC and it showed a great unbalance of the number of vessels for each territory for inspection. the biggest problem with our country's PSC, where it was pointed out by the PSCO was lack of workers and independent inspection by just one worker. To strength the substantiality of the inspection of our country is to have concentrated inspection on the high risk cautious vessels, forming a human network each classified by four different sectors of the area, recalculating the amount of assignment of inspection classified by each harbour and securing workforce the PSCO improvements are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.171-183
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• 2000

Regarding the ancient Sino-Kroea sea communication as the main theme, the propagation of the China-culture in Koran Peninsula and he influence of Chinese ancient shipbuilding technique for Korea are described in the paper. Frequent sea trade resulted in the flourishing of Chinese and Korean harbours on both side of Yellow Sea. Sino-Koran sea communication is of long-standing. Korean Peninsula (KP) is just as the large arm extended to the great sea from the North-east China. It is the Chinese mainland plate-lump's extended part in the Yellow Sea. In the ancient time, the land communication between China and Korea was often not unimpeded, the contact between China and KP, such as the South-Korea, depended on the sea communication mainly, Although the friendly relationship between China and Korea rose one after another in the various historical period, but considering from the great background of people's historical development, just as the modern people benefited fro the Europe-American culture, the people of ancient time also benefited from the China-culture. All China, KP and Japan obtained the development by propagating the ancient China-culture. The seagoing ships which carried out the Sino-Korea sea communication and trade, as the friendly envoys, finished the mission linked u and developed the Sino-Korea culture contact.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.70-86
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• 2015

Short crested waves play an important role for planning and design of harbours. In this context a numerical simulation is carried out to evaluate wave tranquility inside a real harbour located in east coast of India. The annual offshore wave climate proximity to harbour site is established using Wave Model (WAM) hindcast wave data. The deep water waves are transformed to harbour front using a Near Shore spectral Wave model (NSW). A directional analysis is carried out to determine the probable incident wave directions towards the harbour. Most critical threshold wave height and wave period is chosen for normal operating conditions using exceedence probability analysis. Irregular random waves from various directions are generated confirming to Pierson Moskowitz spectrum at 20m water depth. Wave incident into inner harbor through harbor entrance is performed using Boussinesq Wave model (BW). Wave disturbance experienced inside the harbour and at various berths are analysed. The paper discusses the progresses took place in short wave modeling and it demonstrates application of wave climate for the evaluation of harbor tranquility using various types of wave models.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.332-345
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• 2002

It is a recent observation that about 80 per cent of the body's immune system is localized in the gastrointestinal tract. This explains to a large extent why eating right is important for the modulation the immune response and prevention of disease. In addition it is increasingly recognized that the body has an important digestive system also in the lower gastrointestinal tract where numerous important substances are released by microbial enzymes and absorbed. Among these substances are short chain fatty acids, amino acids, various carbohydrates, poly-amines, growth factors, coagulation factors, and many thousands of antioxidants, not only traditional vitamins but numerous flavonoids, carotenoids and similar plant- and vegetable produced antioxidants. Also consumption of health-promoting bacteria (probiotics) and vegetable fibres (prebiotics) from numerous sources are known to have strong health-promoting influence. It has been calculated that the intestine harbours about 300,000 genes, which is much more than the calculated about 60,000 for the rest of the human body, indicating a till today totally unexpected metabolic activity in this part of the GI tract. There are seemingly several times more active enzymes in the intestine than in the rest of the body, ready to release hundred thousand or more of substances important for our health and well-being. In addition do the microbial cells produce signal molecules similar to cytokines but called bacteriokines and nitric oxide, with provide modulatory effects both on the mucosal cells, the mucosa- associated lymphoid system (MALT) and the rest of the immune system. Identification of various fermentation products, and often referred to as synbiotics, studies of their role in maintaining health and well-being should be a priority issue during the years to come.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 1987

Many studies are conducted to evaluate the risk of maneuvering ships in the congested harbours and narrow channels. These studies are very important for the prevention of sea traffic accidents in those sea areas. In this paper, the author carried out a series of observations on sea traffic condition of the vessels entering and leaving the harbour of CHUNG MU, in order to evaluate the risk of grounding, the margin and burden of route keeping maneuver of vessels proceeding along the fairway of this harbour. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The grounding risk indices for the east bound and west bound vessels at the middle part and western part of the fairway were higher than those of them at the eastern part. 2. The margin of route keeping maneuver in the fairway appeared to be the highest at the western part of the fairway for the east bound vessels, and the highest at the middle part for the west bound vessels, but the lowest at the western entrance for both of them. 3. The burden of route keeping maneuver in the fairway appeared to be the highest at the western part of the fairway for both of the east bound and west bound vessels, but the lowest at the eastern part for both of them. 4. The influence of maneuvering indices T' on the grounding risk indices appeared to be larger than that of maneuvering indices K' on them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-1
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• 1987

Many studies are conducted to evaluate the risk of maneuvering ships in the congested harbours and narrow channels. These studies are very important for the prevention of sea traffic accidents in those sea areas. In this paper, the author carried out a series of observations on sea traffic condition of the vessels entering and leaving the harbour of CHUNG MU, in order to evaluate the risk of grounding, the margin and burden of route keeping maneuver of vessels proceeding along the fairway of this harbour. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The grounding risk indices for the east bound and west bound vessels at the middle part and western part of the fairway were higher than those of them at the eastern part. 2. The margin of route keeping maneuver in the fairway appeared to be the highest at the western part of the fairway for the east bound vessels, and the highest at the middle part for the west bound vessels, but the lowest at the western entrance for both of them. 3. The burden of route keeping maneuver in the fairway appeared to be the highest at the western part of the fairway for both of the east bound and west bound vessels, but the lowest at the eastern part for both of them. 4. The influence of maneuvering indices T' on the grounding risk indices appeared to be larger than that of maneuvering indices K' on them.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1976

The physical factors and chemical contents were studied at 8 stations within Masan Bay, differing in depth and location with respect to inner and outer harbours. It is a relatively small bay with a long and narrow outlet. The water temperature and salinity at the inner bay was rather subject to change on weather condition of the neighbouring land than on the effects of the water mass of outer bay. The high nutrient contents in the bay were caused by the sewage and industrial activities. The outer harbour was less polluted than that of the inner bay; the high contents were significantly decreased from the entrance of the outer harbour. While the high disolved oxygen contents, over saturation in the surface strata may be the result of nearly all year round phytoplankton blooms, the lack of oxygen contents in the bottom strata were caused by the inadequate mixing of water mass and organic matters. The frequent red tide in the area may be the results of inflowing raw sewage, industrial activities of neighbouring land and inadequate mixing of water masses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-112
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• 1988

From the point of view of safety of life and property at sea and the protection of the marine environment, the Vessel Traffic Management System along the Korea coastal waterway is inevitably introduced. But the establishing priority per area must be evaluated under the restricted budget. In this case, the estimated traffic flow has a major effect on priority evaluation. In the former paper , an algorithm was proposed for estimating the trip distribution between each pair of zones such as harbours and straits. This paper aims to formulate a simulation model for estimating the dynamic traffic flow per area in the Korea coastal waterway. The model consists of the algorithm constrined by the statistical movement of ships and the observed data, the regression analysis and the traffic network evaluations. The processed results of traffic flow except fishing vessel are summarized as follows ; 1) In 2000, the traffic congestions per area are estimated, in proportion of ship's number (tonnage), as Busan area 22.3%(44.5%), Yeosu area 19.8%(11.2%), Wando-Jeju area18.1%(6.8%), Mokpo area 14.9%(9.9%), Gunsan area 9.1%(9.3%), Inchon area 8.1%(7.7%), Pohang area 5.5%(8.5%), and Donghae area 2.2%(2.1%). 2) For example in Busan area, the increment of traffic volume per annum is estimated 4, 102 ships (23 million tons) and the traffic flow in 2000 is evaluated 158, 793 ships (687 million tons). 3) consequently, the increment of traffic volume in Busan area is found the largest and followed by Yeosu, Wando-Jeju area. Also, the traffic flow per area in 2000 has the same order.